Joshua, Judges
Version 0.33.105, 15 February 2024
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Please see the separate Introduction to this Hebrew / Aramaic text and translation.
| VERSE | HEBREW/ARAMAIC | ENGLISH | NOTES |
| Josh 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵ֛י מ֥וֹת מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass, after the death of Moses the servant of the Lord, that the Lord spoke to Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' servant, and he said, | |
| Josh 1:2 | מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדִּ֖י מֵ֑ת וְעַתָּה֩ ק֨וּם עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Moses my servant is dead. So now, arise, cross this Jordan, you and the whole of this people, to go into the land which I am giving to them – to the sons of Israel. | |
| Josh 1:3 | כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Every place that the sole of your foot is going to step on, I have given to you, as I said to Moses. | |
| Josh 1:4 | מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד־הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם׃ | From the desert and this Lebanon as far as the great river – the River Euphrates – all the land of the Hittites, and as far as the Great Sea in the west, shall be your territory. |
west ← entering of the sun.
territory ← border. |
| Josh 1:5 | לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיִ֤יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽךָּ׃ | No man will be able to stand confronting you for all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I shall be with you: I will not desert you, and I will not forsake you. |
Heb 13:5.
confronting ← before. |
| Josh 1:6 | חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תַּנְחִיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ | Be strong and take courage, for you will enable this people to inherit the land about which I swore to their fathers that I would give it to them. | |
| Josh 1:7 | רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוְּךָ֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֔י אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ | Just be strong and take great courage to ensure to do all the law which Moses my servant commanded you. Do not deviate from it to the right or to the left, so that you act wisely in every place you go. | act wisely: AV differs somewhat (prosper). Also in the next verse. |
| Josh 1:8 | לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל׃ | This book of the law shall not recede from your mouth, and you will meditate on it day and night, so that you ensure to act according to everything written in it, for then you will cause your way to prosper, and then you will act wisely. | book of the law ... you will meditate on it day and night: compare Ps 1:2. |
| Josh 1:9 | הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ פ | Have I not commanded you? Be strong and take courage. Do not be terrified and do not be afraid, for the Lord your God is with you in every place you go.” | |
| Josh 1:10 | וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אֶת־שֹׁטְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people and said, | |
| Josh 1:11 | עִבְר֣וּ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְצַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּע֣וֹד ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ ס | “Pass through the middle of the camp, and command the people, and say, ‘Prepare provisions for yourselves, for in three days' time you will be crossing this Jordan to go and take possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving you, to take possession of it.’ ” | |
| Josh 1:12 | וְלָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Joshua spoke to the Reubenites and the Gadites, and half of the tribe of Manasseh, and he said, | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 1:13 | זָכוֹר֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ מֵנִ֣יחַ לָכֶ֔ם וְנָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | “Remember the word which Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, when he said, ‘The Lord your God is giving you rest, and he has given you this land.’ | |
| Josh 1:14 | נְשֵׁיכֶ֣ם טַפְּכֶם֮ וּמִקְנֵיכֶם֒ יֵשְׁב֕וּ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְאַתֶּם֩ תַּעַבְר֨וּ חֲמֻשִׁ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם כֹּ֚ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַעֲזַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | Your women, your little ones and your cattle will remain in the land which Moses gave you on this side of the Jordan, but you will cross over armed before your brothers – all warriors in the army – and you will help them, | in the army ← of the army. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Josh 1:15 | עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮ כָּכֶם֒ וְיָרְשׁ֣וּ גַם־הֵ֔מָּה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְאֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְכֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם מֹשֶׁה֙ עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | until the Lord gives rest to your brothers, as to you, and they too take possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving them, and you return to the land of your possession, and you take possession of it, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you on this side of the Jordan in the east.” |
take possession: AV differs somewhat, to modern ears at least (enjoy).
east ← rising of the sun. |
| Josh 1:16 | וַֽיַּעֲנ֔וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתָ֙נוּ֙ נַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְאֶֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֖נוּ נֵלֵֽךְ׃ | And they answered Joshua and said, “Everything you have commanded us, we will do, and everywhere you send us, we will go. | |
| Josh 1:17 | כְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֖ן נִשְׁמַ֣ע אֵלֶ֑יךָ רַ֠ק יִֽהְיֶ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Just as we obeyed Moses in everything, so we will obey you, but let the Lord your God be with you, as he was with Moses. | obeyed ... obey ← heard / hearkened to ... hear / hearken to. |
| Josh 1:18 | כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗יךָ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛יךָ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּצַוֶּ֖נּוּ יוּמָ֑ת רַ֖ק חֲזַ֥ק וֶאֱמָֽץ׃ פ | Any man who rebels against your pronouncement and does not hear your words in anything you command us will be put to death, but be strong and take courage.” |
any ← every.
pronouncement ← mouth. anything ← everything. |
| Josh 2:1 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And Joshua the son of Nun sent out two spies secretly from Shittim, and he said, “Go and look at the land, and Jericho.” And they departed and came to the house of a prostitute woman whose name was Rahab, and they lodged there. |
Shittim ← the Shittim.
lodged ← lay. Compare 2 Ki 9:16. |
| Josh 2:2 | וַיֵּ֣אָמַ֔ר לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה אֲ֠נָשִׁים בָּ֣אוּ הֵ֧נָּה הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it was reported to the king of Jericho, and they said, “Look, some men from the sons of Israel came here tonight, to investigate the land.” | |
| Josh 2:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרִיח֔וֹ אֶל־רָחָ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר ה֠וֹצִיאִי הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הַבָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּֽאוּ׃ | And the king of Jericho sent men to Rahab, who said, “Bring out the men who came to you – who came to your house – because they came to investigate all the land.” | |
| Josh 2:4 | וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ כֵּ֗ן בָּ֤אוּ אֵלַי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מֵאַ֥יִן הֵֽמָּה׃ | But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them, and she said this: “The men came to me, but I did not know where they were from. |
them ← him, i.e. each of them.
this ← thus. |
| Josh 2:5 | וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ | When the gate was about to close in the dark, the men went out. I do not know where the men went. Pursue them quickly, because you will catch up with them.” | |
| Josh 2:6 | וְהִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַם הַגָּ֑גָה וַֽתִּטְמְנֵם֙ בְּפִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ הָעֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖הּ עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ | Then she brought them up onto the roof and hid them with flax stalks which had been laid out by her on the roof. | flax stalks: or cotton [AnLx]. |
| Josh 2:7 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן עַ֖ל הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת וְהַשַּׁ֣עַר סָגָ֔רוּ אַחֲרֵ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָצְא֥וּ הָרֹדְפִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | So the men pursued them on the road to the Jordan, at the fords, and the gate was closed after the pursuers had gone out after them. | the gate was closed ← they closed the gate. Avoidance of the passive. To translate actively in English would tentatively look as if the pursuers closed the gate personally, until the rest of the sentence was read. |
| Josh 2:8 | וְהֵ֖מָּה טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן וְהִ֛יא עָלְתָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ | Then before they lay down, she came up to them on the roof, | |
| Josh 2:9 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכִֽי־נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְכִ֥י נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | and she said to the men, “I know that the Lord has given you the land, and that dread of you has fallen on us, and that all the inhabitants of the land have become disheartened before you. |
dread of you ← your dread, an objective genitive.
have become disheartened ← have melted. |
| Josh 2:10 | כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם לִשְׁנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י הָאֱמֹרִ֜י אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | For we have heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea in front of you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to the two kings of the Amorites who were across the Jordan – to Sihon and to Og – whom you obliterated. |
how ← that.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 2:11 | וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ | When we heard it, our hearts fainted and no man's spirit held up in him any more because of you, for the Lord your God is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath. | fainted ← melted. See Deut 1:28. |
| Josh 2:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִי֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה כִּי־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּכֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֜ם עִם־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת׃ | So now, please swear to me by the Lord, since I have acted kindly to you, that you in turn will act kindly to the house of my father, and that you will give me a sign of truth, |
acted kindly ... act kindly ← done kindness ... do kindness.
you in turn ← you also. |
| Josh 2:13 | וְהַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־אָבִ֣י וְאֶת־אִמִּ֗י וְאֶת־אַחַי֙ וְאֶת־*אחותי **אַחְיוֹתַ֔י וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ מִמָּֽוֶת׃ | and that you will let my father and my mother live, and my brothers and my {K: sister} [Q: sisters], and all that they have, and that you will save us from death.” | us ← our souls. |
| Josh 2:14 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ לָ֣הּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם֙ לָמ֔וּת אִ֚ם לֹ֣א תַגִּ֔ידוּ אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֖נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה בְּתֵת־יְהוָ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ | And the men said to her, “May our life take the place of yours to die, providing you do not betray this affair of ours, and it will come to pass, when the Lord gives us the land, that we will act kindly and truly to you.” |
life ← soul.
betray ← tell. act kindly and truly ← do kindness and truth. |
| Josh 2:15 | וַתּוֹרִדֵ֥ם בַּחֶ֖בֶל בְּעַ֣ד הַֽחַלּ֑וֹן כִּ֤י בֵיתָהּ֙ בְּקִ֣יר הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה וּבַֽחוֹמָ֖ה הִ֥יא יוֹשָֽׁבֶת׃ | Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was built into the wall of circumvallation, as she lived in the circumvallation. | |
| Josh 2:16 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הָהָ֣רָה לֵּ֔כוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֥וּ בָכֶ֖ם הָרֹדְפִ֑ים וְנַחְבֵּתֶ֨ם שָׁ֜מָּה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים עַ֚ד שׁ֣וֹב הָרֹֽדְפִ֔ים וְאַחַ֖ר תֵּלְכ֥וּ לְדַרְכְּכֶֽם׃ | And she said to them, “Go to the mountain, so that those pursuing you do not come across you, and hide there for three days until the pursuers return, and afterwards you can go your way.” | |
| Josh 2:17 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יהָ הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים נְקִיִּ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵ֥ךְ הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ | Then the men said to her, “We are in the clear with this oath of yours which you had us swear. | in the clear ← innocent. |
| Josh 2:18 | הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ בָאִ֖ים בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֶת־תִּקְוַ֡ת חוּט֩ הַשָּׁנִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה תִּקְשְׁרִ֗י בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹרַדְתֵּ֣נוּ ב֔וֹ וְאֶת־אָבִ֨יךְ וְאֶת־אִמֵּ֜ךְ וְאֶת־אַחַ֗יִךְ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךְ תַּאַסְפִ֥י אֵלַ֖יִךְ הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ | Look, we are coming into the land. Bind this line of scarlet thread to the window by which you let us down and gather your father and your mother and your brothers, and the whole household of your father with you into the house. | with you ← to you. |
| Josh 2:19 | וְהָיָ֡ה כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִדַּלְתֵ֨י בֵיתֵ֧ךְ ׀ הַח֛וּצָה דָּמ֥וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם וְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִֽהְיֶ֤ה אִתָּךְ֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת דָּמ֣וֹ בְרֹאשֵׁ֔נוּ אִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ׃ | And it will be the case that anyone who comes out of the doors of your house to the outside will have his blood on his head, but we will be in the clear, but the blood of anyone who is with you indoors will be on our head if we lay a hand on him. |
anyone (2x) ← everyone.
will have his blood on his head: i.e. will be responsible for his death. we lay a hand on him ← a hand will be on him. |
| Josh 2:20 | וְאִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיִ֣ינוּ נְקִיִּ֔ם מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ | But if you inform about this matter of ours, we will be clear from your oath which you had us swear.” | |
| Josh 2:21 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֣ם כֶּן־ה֔וּא וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵ֖ם וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתִּקְשֹׁ֛ר אֶת־תִּקְוַ֥ת הַשָּׁנִ֖י בַּחַלּֽוֹן׃ | And she said, “As your words are, so shall it be.” And she sent them off, and they departed, and she bound the scarlet line to the window. | |
| Josh 2:22 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הָהָ֔רָה וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים עַד־שָׁ֖בוּ הָרֹדְפִ֑ים וַיְבַקְשׁ֧וּ הָרֹדְפִ֛ים בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ | So they departed and came to the mountain, and they remained there for three days, until the pursuers had returned. And the pursuers searched on all the route, but they did not find them. | |
| Josh 2:23 | וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיֵּרְד֣וּ מֵֽהָהָ֔ר וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then the two men returned and came down from the mountain, and they crossed over, and they came to Joshua the son of Nun, and they recounted to him all the things that had befallen them. | befallen ← found. |
| Josh 2:24 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְגַם־נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵֽינוּ׃ ס | And they said to Joshua, “Because for his part the Lord has given us the whole land in our hand, so for their part all the inhabitants melted away at our presence.” | for their part ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Josh 3:1 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ | Then Joshua got up early in the morning, and they moved from Shittim, and they came to the Jordan – he and all the sons of Israel – and they lodged there before they crossed over. | Shittim ← the Shittim. |
| Josh 3:2 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקְצֵ֖ה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass, after three days, that the officers passed through the camp. | after ← at the end of. |
| Josh 3:3 | וַיְצַוּוּ֮ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ כִּרְאֽוֹתְכֶ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם נֹשְׂאִ֖ים אֹת֑וֹ וְאַתֶּ֗ם תִּסְעוּ֙ מִמְּק֣וֹמְכֶ֔ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖ם אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And they commanded the people and said, “When you see the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and the Levite priests bearing it, you will move from your place and follow it. | |
| Josh 3:4 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ רָח֣וֹק יִהְיֶ֗ה בֵּֽינֵיכֶם֙ *ובינו **וּבֵינָ֔יו כְּאַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה בַּמִּדָּ֑ה אַֽל־תִּקְרְב֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו לְמַ֤עַן אֲשֶׁר־תֵּֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֧א עֲבַרְתֶּ֛ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ ס | But there will be a distance of about two thousand cubits between you and it. Do not approach it. Do this so that you know the route you are taking, for you have not crossed by this route in times past.” |
and ← and between. The ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
distance ← remoteness by measurement. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. in times past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 3:5 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת׃ | And Joshua said to the people, “Sanctify yourselves, for tomorrow the Lord will perform wonders in your midst.” | |
| Josh 3:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר שְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית וְעִבְר֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ ס | Then Joshua spoke to the priests and said, “Bear the ark of the covenant, and cross over ahead of the people.” So they bore the ark of the covenant and went ahead of the people. | |
| Josh 3:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה אָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְךָ֔ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵֽדְע֔וּן כִּ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיִ֛יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | Then the Lord said to Joshua, “This day I shall begin making you great in the eyes of the whole of Israel, so that they know that as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. | |
| Josh 3:8 | וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֥י אֲרֽוֹן־הַבְּרִ֖ית לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּבֹאֲכֶ֗ם עַד־קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בַּיַּרְדֵּ֖ן תַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ פ | And you will command the priests who bear the ark of the covenant, and say, ‘When you arrive at the edge of the water of the Jordan, stand in the Jordan.’ ” | |
| Josh 3:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גֹּ֣שׁוּ הֵ֔נָּה וְשִׁמְע֕וּ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Joshua said to the sons of Israel, “Come near, this way, and hear the words of the Lord your God.” | this way ← to here. |
| Josh 3:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּזֹאת֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּן כִּ֛י אֵ֥ל חַ֖י בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠פְּנֵיכֶם אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֨י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֜י וְאֶת־הַחִוִּ֗י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְאֶת־הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And Joshua said, “This is how you will know that the living God is in your midst, and that he will definitely dispossess the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Hivite and the Perizzite and the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Jebusite at your advance. |
this is how ← by this.
he will definitely dispossess: infinitive absolute. Amorite: see Gen 10:16. at your advance ← from before you. |
| Josh 3:11 | הִנֵּה֙ אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲד֖וֹן כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Behold the ark of the covenant. The Lord of the whole earth is crossing before you in the Jordan. | AV differs in syntactical arrangement, ignoring the absolute state of the covenant. |
| Josh 3:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ שְׁנֵ֣י עָשָׂ֣ר אִ֔ישׁ מִשִּׁבְטֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד לַשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | And now, take for yourselves twelve men from the tribes of Israel – one man for each tribe. | one man for each tribe ← one man, one man for the tribe. |
| Josh 3:13 | וְהָיָ֡ה כְּנ֣וֹחַ כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאֵי֩ אֲר֨וֹן יְהוָ֜ה אֲד֤וֹן כָּל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ בְּמֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יִכָּ֣רֵת֔וּן הַמַּ֥יִם הַיֹּרְדִ֖ים מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְיַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ | And it will come to pass, when the soles of the feet of the priests who bear the ark of the Lord – the Lord of the whole earth – come to rest in the water of the Jordan, that the water of the Jordan will be cut off – the water coming down from upstream – and it will stand still as one mass.” |
upstream ← above.
mass ← mound. |
| Josh 3:14 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּנְסֹ֤עַ הָעָם֙ מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י הָאָר֥וֹן הַבְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when the people moved from their tents to cross the Jordan, with the priests bearing the ark of the covenant ahead of the people, | |
| Josh 3:15 | וּכְב֞וֹא נֹשְׂאֵ֤י הָֽאָרוֹן֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְרַגְלֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָֽאָר֔וֹן נִטְבְּל֖וּ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַמָּ֑יִם וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר׃ | and when the bearers of the ark came to the Jordan, and the feet of the priests bearing the ark were dipped in the edge of the water, while the Jordan was full up to all its banks – as it was all the days of the harvest-time – | was full up to: AV differs (overfloweth). |
| Josh 3:16 | וַיַּעַמְד֡וּ הַמַּיִם֩ הַיֹּרְדִ֨ים מִלְמַ֜עְלָה קָ֣מוּ נֵד־אֶחָ֗ד הַרְחֵ֨ק מְאֹ֜ד *באדם **מֵֽאָדָ֤ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצַּ֣ד צָֽרְתָ֔ן וְהַיֹּרְדִ֗ים עַ֣ל יָ֧ם הָעֲרָבָ֛ה יָם־הַמֶּ֖לַח תַּ֣מּוּ נִכְרָ֑תוּ וְהָעָ֥ם עָבְר֖וּ נֶ֥גֶד יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | that the water which came down from upstream stood still. It rose as one mass, very far away {K: in} [Q: from] the city of Adam, which is beside Zarethan, and the water that descended into the Arid Sea – the Dead Sea – failed and was cut off. And the people crossed over opposite Jericho. |
Zarethan: according to AV's normal transcription, but AV= Zaretan here and Zartanah in 1 Ki 4:12 and Zarthan in 1 Ki 7:46.
the Arid Sea ← the Arid-Tract Sea, i.e. the Dead Sea. the Dead Sea ← the Salt Sea. AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Josh 3:17 | וַיַּעַמְד֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹ֠שְׂאֵי הָאָר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֜ה בֶּחָֽרָבָ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הָכֵ֑ן וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹֽבְרִים֙ בֶּחָ֣רָבָ֔ה עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֙מּוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Then the priests who were bearing the ark of the covenant of the Lord stood still on the dry land in the middle of the Jordan, firmly, and all Israel crossed on dry land, until the whole of the people had completed crossing the Jordan. | |
| Josh 4:1 | וַיְהִי֙ כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲב֖וֹר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן פ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished crossing the Jordan, that the Lord spoke to Joshua and said, | |
| Josh 4:2 | קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מִן־הָעָ֔ם שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אֲנָשִׁ֑ים אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | “Take for yourselves twelve men from the people, one man from each tribe, | one man from each tribe ← one man, one man from a tribe. |
| Josh 4:3 | וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ ס | and command them, and say, ‘Take for yourselves from here – from the middle of the Jordan, from the standing place of the priests' feet – twelve stones to set up. So take them across with you, and set them down in the lodging place where you lodge tonight.’ ” |
to set up: Hebrew הָכִין. AV differs (firm).
lodging place ... lodge: probably just camping here, but usually lodging in an inn. |
| Josh 4:4 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵכִ֖ין מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | Then Joshua called for the twelve men whom he had appointed from the sons of Israel, one man from each tribe, | one man from each tribe: see v.2. |
| Josh 4:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and Joshua said to them, “Cross in the presence of the ark of the Lord your God to the middle of the Jordan, and let each man lift up one stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, | |
| Josh 4:6 | לְמַ֗עַן תִּֽהְיֶ֛ה זֹ֥את א֖וֹת בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֛ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָכֶֽם׃ | so that this will be a sign in your community, for your sons will ask about it in the future and say, ‘What is the significance of these stones to you?’ |
community ← midst.
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 4:7 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And you will say to them that the water of the Jordan was cut off ahead of the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the water of the Jordan was cut off, and these stones are a memorial to the sons of Israel, age-abidingly.” | |
| Josh 4:8 | וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃ | And the sons of Israel did so, as Joshua had commanded, and they took twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan, as the Lord had said to Joshua, corresponding to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, and they took them across with them to the lodging place, and they set them down there. | lodging place: see Josh 4:3. |
| Josh 4:9 | וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תַּ֗חַת מַצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, at the standing place of the feet of the priests who bore the ark of the covenant, and they have been there up to this day. | at ← below, but also of a place where. |
| Josh 4:10 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָאָר֗וֹן עֹמְדִים֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ עַ֣ד תֹּ֣ם כָּֽל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֔ם כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ | And the priests who bore the ark stood in the middle of the Jordan until the whole event was finished which the Lord had commanded Joshua to say to the people, according to everything that Moses had commanded Joshua. And the people hastened and crossed over. | event ← word, matter. |
| Josh 4:11 | וַיְהִ֛י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַֽעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished crossing, that the ark of the Lord and the priests crossed over in the presence of the people. | |
| Josh 4:12 | וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed in the presence of the sons of Israel, as Moses had said to them. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 4:13 | כְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א עָבְר֞וּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֶ֖ל עַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ ס | About forty thousand armed men in the army crossed over before the Lord, to war, to the arid tracts of Jericho. | |
| Josh 4:14 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא גִּדַּ֤ל יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ פ | On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the eyes of the whole of Israel, and they feared him as they feared Moses, all the days of his life. | |
| Josh 4:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Joshua, and he said, | |
| Josh 4:16 | צַוֵּה֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת וְיַעֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | “Command the priests, who bear the ark of the testimony, that they are to come up out of the Jordan.” | |
| Josh 4:17 | וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So Joshua commanded the priests, and he said, “Come up out of the Jordan.” | |
| Josh 4:18 | וַ֠יְהִי *בעלות **כַּעֲל֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים נֹשְׂאֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִתְּק֗וּ כַּפּוֹת֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֶ֖ל הֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, {K: when} [Q: as] the priests who bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord came up out of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests' feet retired onto dry land, that the water of the Jordan returned to its place, and it ran as in times past on all its banks. |
came up: the word is combined with when (ketiv) / as (qeré).
retired ← were plucked up. in times past ← as yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 4:19 | וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they encamped in Gilgal, at the eastern end of Jericho. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 4:20 | וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And Joshua set up in Gilgal those twelve stones which they had taken from the Jordan. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 4:21 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And he spoke to the sons of Israel, and he said, “When your sons ask their fathers in the future, and they say, ‘What do those stones signify?’ – | in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 4:22 | וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃ | you will inform your sons and say, ‘Israel crossed this Jordan on dry land, | |
| Josh 4:23 | אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖ם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧ם לְיַם־ס֛וּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֥ישׁ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃ | because the Lord your God dried up the water of the Jordan in front of you until you had crossed, as the Lord your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up before us until we had crossed, | |
| Josh 4:24 | לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | so that all the various peoples of the world would know the power of the Lord, that it was strong, so that you might fear the Lord your God always.’ ” |
power ← hand.
always ← all the days. |
| Josh 5:1 | וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־*עברנו **עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites who were on the western side of the Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites who were beside the sea, heard that the Lord had dried up the water of the Jordan in the presence of the sons of Israel until {K: we} [Q: they] had crossed, that their hearts melted away, and they no longer had any inward mettle in them in the face of the sons of Israel. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
hearts ← heart. inward mettle ← spirit. |
| Josh 5:2 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עֲשֵׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית׃ | At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make yourselves knives of rock, and circumcise again the sons of Israel – a second round.” |
knives ← swords.
of rock ← of rocks. AV differs somewhat (sharp). circumcise: i.e. have a programme of circumcision on the new uncircumcised generation. |
| Josh 5:3 | וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃ | So Joshua made himself knives of rock, and he circumcised the sons of Israel at the Hill of Foreskins. |
knives ← swords.
of rock ← of rocks. AV differs somewhat (sharp). |
| Josh 5:4 | וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And this is the circumstance of Joshua circumcising: all the people who came out of Egypt, the males, all the men of war, had died in the desert on the way when they had come out of Egypt, |
circumstance ← word, matter.
the men: i.e. the previous generation. |
| Josh 5:5 | כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃ | because all the people who came out had been circumcised, but they had not circumcised any of the people born in the desert on the way when they had come out of Egypt. | |
| Josh 5:6 | כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לַֽאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | For the sons of Israel went for forty years in the desert until all the people – the men of war who came out of Egypt, who did not obey the voice of the Lord – were finished off, those to whom the Lord swore that he would not show them the land about which the Lord had sworn to their fathers that he would give it to us, a land flowing with milk and honey. |
obey ← hear.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Josh 5:7 | וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | And he raised up their sons in their place, and it was they whom Joshua circumcised, because they were uncircumcised, because they did not circumcise them on the way. | uncircumcised ← with foreskin. |
| Josh 5:8 | וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֖וֹי לְהִמּ֑וֹל וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה עַ֥ד חֲיוֹתָֽם׃ פ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished being circumcised, that they remained in their place in the camp until they had recovered. | in their place ← under them. |
| Josh 5:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I rolled the reproach of Egypt away from you.” And he called that place Gilgal, as it is called up to this day. | away from ← from (being) on. |
| Josh 5:10 | וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֡סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ בָּעֶ֖רֶב בְּעַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and they held the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, in the arid tracts of Jericho. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 5:11 | וַיֹּ֨אכְל֜וּ מֵעֲב֥וּר הָאָ֛רֶץ מִמָּֽחֳרַ֥ת הַפֶּ֖סַח מַצּ֣וֹת וְקָל֑וּי בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they ate, from the past produce of the land, on the day after the Passover, unleavened bread and roasted corn, on this very day. | |
| Josh 5:12 | וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֨ת הַמָּ֜ן מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת בְּאָכְלָם֙ מֵעֲב֣וּר הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ע֛וֹד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מָ֑ן וַיֹּאכְל֗וּ מִתְּבוּאַת֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִֽיא׃ ס | And the manna ceased on the day after when they ate from the past produce of the land, and the sons of Israel had no more manna, and they ate from the produce of the land of Canaan in that year. | |
| Josh 5:13 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ | And when Joshua was in Jericho, he lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was a man standing opposite him, with his sword unsheathed in his hand. And Joshua went up to him and said to him, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?” | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Josh 5:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לֹ֗א כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י שַׂר־צְבָֽא־יְהוָ֖ה עַתָּ֣ה בָ֑אתִי וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֲדֹנִ֖י מְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “Not the latter, because I have come now as the commander of the army of the Lord.” Then Joshua fell with his face to the ground and worshipped, and he said to him, “What does my Lord say to his servant?” | Lord: we take the “man” to be the angel of the Lord, since Joshua worships him and is not rebuked for doing so. So we capitalize as “Lord”, not “lord”. |
| Josh 5:15 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ כֵּֽן׃ | And the commander of the army of the Lord said to Joshua, “Take your shoe off your foot, for the place which you are standing on is holy.” And Joshua did so. | shoe ... foot: both words are singular, but they may well stand for the plural. |
| Josh 6:1 | וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃ ס | Now Jericho was shut and closed up because of the sons of Israel. No-one came out and no-one went in. | |
| Josh 6:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ רְאֵה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Look, I have delivered Jericho, and its king, into your hand, valiant warriors though they be. | valiant warriors though they be: AV differs somewhat (and the mighty men of valour). |
| Josh 6:3 | וְסַבֹּתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הַקֵּ֥יף אֶת־הָעִ֖יר פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | And you will circle round the city – all the men of war. Go around the city once, and so you will do for six days. | circle round: rather than encircle, surround. In v.11, the ark does this. |
| Josh 6:4 | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י תָּסֹ֥בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים יִתְקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | And seven priests will bear seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark, and on the seventh day you will circle round the city seven times, and the priests will blow the ramshorns. | |
| Josh 6:5 | וְהָיָ֞ה בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל *בשמעכם **כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר יָרִ֥יעוּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וְנָ֨פְלָ֜ה חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ וְעָל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ נֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass, when you draw out a far-reaching sound on the horn, {K: when} [Q: as] you hear the sound of the ramshorn, that all the people will utter a great shout, and the wall of the city will collapse, and the people will go up, each man forwards.” |
draw out a far-reaching sound on the horn ← draw out on the horn of the far reaching sound.
collapse ← fall under itself. |
| Josh 6:6 | וַיִּקְרָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Joshua the son of Nun called for the priests, and he said to them, “Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests take up seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark of the Lord.” | |
| Josh 6:7 | *ויאמרו **וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם עִבְר֖וּ וְסֹ֣בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וְהֶ֣חָל֔וּץ יַעֲבֹ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | And {K: they} [Q: he] said to the people, “Cross over and encircle the city, and let every armed man cross over before the ark of the Lord.” | AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Josh 6:8 | וַיְהִ֗י כֶּאֱמֹ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָבְר֕וּ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, as Joshua spoke to the people, that the seven priests bearing the seven far-sounding ramshorns, before the Lord, crossed over and sounded the ramshorns, and the ark of the covenant of the Lord followed them. | |
| Josh 6:9 | וְהֶחָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִפְנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים *תקעו **תֹּקְעֵ֖י הַשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | And he who was armed went before the priests {K: who sounded} [Q: who sounded] the ramshorns. And the rearguard followed the ark, and they went sounding the ramshorns. | they went sounding: with the infinitive absolute of to go. |
| Josh 6:10 | וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֤א תָרִ֙יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הָרִ֖יעוּ וַהֲרִיעֹתֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua commanded the people, and he said, “Do not shout, and do not let your voices be heard, and let nothing be uttered from your mouth until the day when I say to you, ‘Shout’, then you will shout.” | |
| Josh 6:11 | וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ | So the ark of the Lord circled round the city by going round once, and they came back to the camp, and they lodged at the camp. |
by going round: gerundial use of the infinitive absolute.
camp ... camp: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Josh 6:12 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the ark of the Lord, | |
| Josh 6:13 | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת הַיֹּבְלִ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה הֹלְכִ֣ים הָל֔וֹךְ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהֶחָלוּץ֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה *הולך **הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | while seven priests were bearing seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark of the Lord, walking continually and sounding the ramshorns, and whoever was armed went before them, and the rearguard followed the ark of the Lord, and they sounded the ramshorns as they went. |
they went: the ketiv is a singular participle, suggesting literally as it was going, whereas the qeré is an infinitive absolute.
walking continually: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 6:14 | וַיָּסֹ֨בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | And they circled round the city on the second day once, then they returned to the camp. So they did for six days. | |
| Josh 6:15 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙מוּ֙ כַּעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֛יר כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט הַזֶּ֖ה שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים רַ֚ק בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא סָבְב֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And it came to pass on the seventh day that they rose early at the break of dawn and circled round the city seven times, as was this custom, except that on that day it was seven times that they circled round the city. | |
| Josh 6:16 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית תָּקְע֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הָעָם֙ הָרִ֔יעוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ | And it came to pass the seventh time, that the priests sounded the ramshorns, and Joshua said to the people, “Shout! For the Lord has given you the city. | |
| Josh 6:17 | וְהָיְתָ֨ה הָעִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה רַק֩ רָחָ֨ב הַזּוֹנָ֜ה תִּֽחְיֶ֗ה הִ֚יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֣הּ בַּבַּ֔יִת כִּ֣י הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָה אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְנוּ׃ | And the city shall become a cursed place to the Lord, it and everyone in it, except that Rahab the prostitute shall live – she and all those with her at home – because she hid the two scouts whom we sent. | |
| Josh 6:18 | וְרַק־אַתֶּם֙ שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם פֶּֽן־תַּחֲרִ֖ימוּ וּלְקַחְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַחֵ֑רֶם וְשַׂמְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְחֵ֔רֶם וַעֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And indeed, you must be on your guard with the cursed place, so that you do not become a cursed person, and you take anything from the cursed place, and you make the camp of Israel become a cursed site, and you cause it sorrow. | |
| Josh 6:19 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וּבַרְזֶ֔ל קֹ֥דֶשׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָ֑ה אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ | And all silver and gold and articles of copper and iron are holy to the Lord. They will go into the Lord's treasury.” | |
| Josh 6:20 | וַיָּ֣רַע הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּשֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֗ר וַיָּרִ֤יעוּ הָעָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַתִּפֹּ֨ל הַֽחוֹמָ֜ה תַּחְתֶּ֗יהָ וַיַּ֨עַל הָעָ֤ם הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ נֶגְדּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּלְכְּד֖וּ אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ | Then the people shouted, and the ramshorns were sounded, and it came to pass that when the people heard the sound of the ramshorn, the people shouted with a great shout, and the wall collapsed, and the people went up into the city, each man forwards, and they captured the city. |
the ramshorns were sounded ← they sounded the ramshorns. Avoidance of the passive by an impersonal qal for niphal. We wish to avoid the suggestion that it was the people who sounded the ramshorn; it was the priests, as described in Josh 6:4.
collapsed: see v.5. |
| Josh 6:21 | וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעִ֔יר מֵאִישׁ֙ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן וְעַ֨ד שׁ֥וֹר וָשֶׂ֛ה וַחֲמ֖וֹר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And they obliterated everything in the city, both man and woman, both child and old man, including oxen and sheep and donkeys, with the edge of the sword. | both ... and (2x) ← from ... to. |
| Josh 6:22 | וְלִשְׁנַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֤ים אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בֹּ֖אוּ בֵּית־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזּוֹנָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֨יאוּ מִשָּׁ֤ם אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּעְתֶּ֖ם לָֽהּ׃ | But Joshua had said to the two men who spied on the land, “Go to the house of the prostitute woman and bring the woman out from there with all those belonging to her, as you swore to her.” | |
| Josh 6:23 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ הַנְּעָרִ֣ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֗ים וַיֹּצִ֡יאוּ אֶת־רָ֠חָב וְאֶת־אָבִ֨יהָ וְאֶת־אִמָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ הוֹצִ֑יאוּ וַיַּ֨נִּיח֔וּם מִח֖וּץ לְמַחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So the young men who did the spying went in and brought Rahab out, and her father and her mother, and her brothers, and all that belonged to her. And they brought out all her family members and set them down outside the camp of Israel. | |
| Josh 6:24 | וְהָעִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵ֖שׁ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ רַ֣ק ׀ הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וְהַבַּרְזֶ֔ל נָתְנ֖וּ אוֹצַ֥ר בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then they burnt the city with fire, and everything that was in it, except that they put the silver and gold and the articles of copper and iron in the treasury of the house of the Lord. | |
| Josh 6:25 | וְֽאֶת־רָחָ֣ב הַ֠זּוֹנָה וְאֶת־בֵּ֨ית אָבִ֤יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָהּ֙ הֶחֱיָ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י הֶחְבִּ֙יאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לְרַגֵּ֥ל אֶת־יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ פ | And Joshua let Rahab the prostitute live, and the household of her father, and everyone that belonged to her, and she has been living in the midst of Israel to this day, because she hid the scouts whom Joshua sent out to spy out Jericho. | |
| Josh 6:26 | וַיַּשְׁבַּ֣ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא לֵאמֹ֑ר אָר֨וּר הָאִ֜ישׁ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּבָנָ֞ה אֶת־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ אֶת־יְרִיח֔וֹ בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ׃ | And Joshua adjured them at that time, and he said, “Cursed before the Lord is the man who arises and builds this city – Jericho. He will lay the foundations at the cost of his firstborn, and he will install gates at the cost of his younger son.” | |
| Josh 6:27 | וַיְהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖וֹ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the Lord was with Joshua, and his fame was spread all over the land. | |
| Josh 7:1 | וַיִּמְעֲל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מַ֖עַל בַּחֵ֑רֶם וַיִּקַּ֡ח עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־כַּרְמִי֩ בֶן־זַבְדִּ֨י בֶן־זֶ֜רַח לְמַטֵּ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But the sons of Israel acted treacherously in the cursed place, and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took goods from the cursed place, and the anger of the Lord was kindled against the sons of Israel. | || 1 Chr 2:7. |
| Josh 7:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃ | Then Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai which is conglomerate with Beth-Aven to the east of Beth-El, and he spoke to them and said, “Go up and spy out the land.” So the men went up and spied out Ai. | Ai ← the Ai, also in other verses. |
| Josh 7:3 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃ | Then they returned to Joshua and said to him, “Do not have all the people go up. Have about two thousand or about three thousand men go up and strike Ai. Do not weary all the people there, for they are few.” | about (2x): the preposition may have no approximating force and be simply idiomatic with numerals. Compare Josh 7:5, Luke 9:28. |
| Josh 7:4 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָעָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּה כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ לִפְנֵ֖י אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | So about three thousand men from the people went up, but they fled from the men of Ai. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Josh 7:5 | וַיַּכּ֨וּ מֵהֶ֜ם אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעַ֗י כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְשִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֞וּם לִפְנֵ֤י הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ עַד־הַשְּׁבָרִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּם בַּמּוֹרָ֑ד וַיִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָעָ֖ם וַיְהִ֥י לְמָֽיִם׃ | And the men of Ai struck down about thirty-six men, and they pursued them from the front of the gate as far as Shebarim, and they struck them on the way down, and the heart of the people melted away and became water. |
about: the preposition may have no approximating force and be simply idiomatic with numerals. Compare Josh 7:3, Luke 9:28.
Shebarim ← the Shebarim. |
| Josh 7:6 | וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨יו אַ֜רְצָה לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עָפָ֖ר עַל־רֹאשָֽׁם׃ | Then Joshua tore his clothes and fell face down to the ground before the ark of the Lord until the evening – he and the elders of Israel – and they cast up dust onto their heads. | face down ← on his face. |
| Josh 7:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And Joshua said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, why did you so specially have this people cross over the Jordan to deliver us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us? So if only we had been contented to live on the other side of the Jordan. |
so specially have ... cross over: infinitive construct in form, but used as if an infinitive absolute.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 7:8 | בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו׃ | Please, Lord*, what shall I say, now that Israel has retreated at the presence of its enemies? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
now that ← after that. retreated ← turned its neck. |
| Josh 7:9 | וְיִשְׁמְע֣וּ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְכֹל֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְנָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְהִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖נוּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְשִׁמְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ ס | And the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land have heard, and they will surround us and cut off our name from the earth. Then what will you do about your great name?” | |
| Josh 7:10 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ קֻ֣ם לָ֑ךְ לָ֣מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | At this the Lord said to Joshua, “Get yourself up. Why is it that you have fallen face down? |
at this: wider use of the vav.
face down ← on your face. |
| Josh 7:11 | חָטָא֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְגַם֙ עָבְר֣וּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אוֹתָ֑ם וְגַ֤ם לָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם וְגַ֤ם גָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְגַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ וְגַ֖ם שָׂ֥מוּ בִכְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Israel has sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them, and they have also taken goods from the cursed place, and they have also stolen, and they have also lied, and they have put them in their boxes. | boxes ← vessels. |
| Josh 7:12 | וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י הָי֖וּ לְחֵ֑רֶם לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ | So the sons of Israel will not be able to stand in the presence of their enemies, and they will retreat in the presence of their enemies, because they have been made an object of cursing. I will not be with you any more if you do not eradicate the cursed object from your midst. |
will retreat ← will turn the neck.
cursed object: perhaps referring to the perpetrator, so cursed (person). |
| Josh 7:13 | קֻ֚ם קַדֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָ֑ר כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֵ֤רֶם בְּקִרְבְּךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ עַד־הֲסִירְכֶ֥ם הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ | Arise, sanctify the people and say, ‘Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, for this is what the Lord God of Israel says: «There is a cursed object in your midst, O Israel. You will not be able to stand against your enemies until you have removed the cursed object from your midst. | this is what ← thus. |
| Josh 7:14 | וְנִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּבֹּ֖קֶר לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָיָ֡ה הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת וְהַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַבָּתִּ֔ים וְהַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַגְּבָרִֽים׃ | Now you will approach in the morning by your tribes, and it will be the case that the tribe which the Lord convicts will approach by families, and the family which the Lord convicts will approach by households, and the household which the Lord convicts will approach by men. | convicts (3x) ← captures, takes. |
| Josh 7:15 | וְהָיָה֙ הַנִּלְכָּ֣ד בַּחֵ֔רֶם יִשָּׂרֵ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ כִּ֤י עָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְכִֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה נְבָלָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it will be the case that he who is convicted of the cursed object will be burned with fire – he and everything he has – because he has transgressed the Lord's covenant, and because he has committed a foolish act in Israel.» ’ ” | |
| Josh 7:16 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So Joshua arose early in the morning, and he gathered Israel together by their tribes, and the tribe of Judah was convicted. | |
| Josh 7:17 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּלְכֹּ֕ד אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַזַּרְחִ֑י וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ לַגְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד זַבְדִּֽי׃ | So he had the family of Judah approach, and he convicted the family of Zarhi. Then he had the family of Zarhi approach by men, and Zabdi was convicted. | family: the consonantal text could read families. |
| Josh 7:18 | וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־בֵּית֖וֹ לַגְּבָרִ֑ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֗ד עָכָ֞ן בֶּן־כַּרְמִ֧י בֶן־זַבְדִּ֛י בֶּן־זֶ֖רַח לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Then he had his household approach by men, and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was convicted. | |
| Josh 7:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־עָכָ֗ן בְּנִי֙ שִֽׂים־נָ֣א כָב֗וֹד לַֽיהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה וְהַגֶּד־נָ֥א לִי֙ מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | Then Joshua said to Achan, “My son, do accord honour to the Lord God of Israel and make confession to him and tell me, please, what you have done. Do not conceal anything from me.” | |
| Josh 7:20 | וַיַּ֧עַן עָכָ֛ן אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָמְנָ֗ה אָנֹכִ֤י חָטָ֙אתִי֙ לַֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכָזֹ֥את וְכָזֹ֖את עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ | Then Achan answered Joshua and said, “Indeed I have sinned against the Lord God of Israel, and I did such and such. | |
| Josh 7:21 | *ואראה **וָאֵ֣רֶא בַשָּׁלָ֡ל אַדֶּ֣רֶת שִׁנְעָר֩ אַחַ֨ת טוֹבָ֜ה וּמָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים כֶּ֗סֶף וּלְשׁ֨וֹן זָהָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙ מִשְׁקָל֔וֹ וָֽאֶחְמְדֵ֖ם וָֽאֶקָּחֵ֑ם וְהִנָּ֨ם טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאָֽהֳלִ֖י וְהַכֶּ֥סֶף תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | When I saw among the spoil a fine mantle from Shinar, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a bar of gold whose weight was fifty shekels, I coveted them, and I took them, and now they are hidden in the ground inside my tent, with the silver under it.” |
I saw: the qeré is an apocopated form of the ketiv, with no change in meaning.
a fine mantle ... a bar ← one fine mantle ... one tongue. now they are ← behold them. ground ← land. |
| Josh 7:22 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיָּרֻ֖צוּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וְהִנֵּ֧ה טְמוּנָ֛ה בְּאָהֳל֖וֹ וְהַכֶּ֥סֶף תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua sent out messengers, and they ran to the tent, and there it was hidden in his tent, with the silver under it. |
there it was ← behold.
with ← and. |
| Josh 7:23 | וַיִּקָּחוּם֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיְבִאוּם֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then they took the goods from the interior of the tent, and they brought them to Joshua and to all the sons of Israel, and they laid them out before the Lord. | |
| Josh 7:24 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֡רַח וְאֶת־הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְאֶת־הָאַדֶּ֣רֶת וְֽאֶת־לְשׁ֣וֹן הַזָּהָ֡ב וְֽאֶת־בָּנָ֡יו וְֽאֶת־בְּנֹתָ֡יו וְאֶת־שׁוֹרוֹ֩ וְאֶת־חֲמֹר֨וֹ וְאֶת־צֹאנ֤וֹ וְאֶֽת־אָהֳלוֹ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִמּ֑וֹ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר׃ | And Joshua took Achan the great grandson of Zerah, and the silver, and the mantle, and the bar of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his ox and his donkey and his sheep and his tent and everything he had, while all Israel was present with him, and they brought them up to the Valley of Achor. | bar ← tongue. |
| Josh 7:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ יַעְכֳּרְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶ֔בֶן וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃ | And Joshua said, “Why have you caused us trouble? The Lord will cause you trouble this day.” Then all Israel stoned him, and they burned them with fire, and they stoned them. | stoned ... stoned ← “bouldered” him (with) stone ... pelted them with stones. |
| Josh 7:26 | וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ עָלָ֜יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֗וֹל עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֠ן קָרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ עֵ֣מֶק עָכ֔וֹר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And they raised a great heap of stones over him, which is there up to this day, and the Lord relented from the fury of his anger. For this reason he called that place the Valley of Achor, as it is up to this day. | |
| Josh 8:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת קַ֣ח עִמְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־עַ֣ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְק֖וּם עֲלֵ֣ה הָעָ֑י רְאֵ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not fear and do not be afraid. Take all the military people with you, and arise and go up to Ai. Look, I have delivered the king of Ai into your hand, with his people and his city and his land. | |
| Josh 8:2 | וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ לָעַ֜י וּלְמַלְכָּ֗הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֤יתָ לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ רַק־שְׁלָלָ֥הּ וּבְהֶמְתָּ֖הּ תָּבֹ֣זּוּ לָכֶ֑ם שִׂים־לְךָ֥ אֹרֵ֛ב לָעִ֖יר מֵאַחֲרֶֽיהָ׃ | So do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho and its king, but you may take as booty its spoils and its cattle for yourselves. Ambush the city behind it.” | ambush ← place yourself (as) an ambusher of. |
| Josh 8:3 | וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־עַ֥ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לַעֲל֣וֹת הָעָ֑י וַיִּבְחַ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף אִישׁ֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם לָֽיְלָה׃ | So Joshua arose with all the military people to go up to Ai, and Joshua selected thirty thousand men, valiant warriors, and he sent them out by night. | to go up: the verb is often used of attacking. |
| Josh 8:4 | וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃ | And he commanded them, and he said, “Look, you are ambushing the city behind the city. Do not go very far from the city, but all of you be prepared. | |
| Josh 8:5 | וַאֲנִ֗י וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֔י נִקְרַ֖ב אֶל־הָעִ֑יר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֵצְא֤וּ לִקְרָאתֵ֙נוּ֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֔ה וְנַ֖סְנוּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I and all the people who are with me will approach the city, and it will be the case that they will come out against us as the first time, and we will flee before them. | |
| Josh 8:6 | וְיָצְא֣וּ אַחֲרֵ֗ינוּ עַ֣ד הַתִּיקֵ֤נוּ אוֹתָם֙ מִן־הָעִ֔יר כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ נָסִ֣ים לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה וְנַ֖סְנוּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they will come after us until we have drawn them away from the city, for they will say, ‘They are fleeing before us as the first time’, and we will flee before them. | |
| Josh 8:7 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם תָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ מֵהָ֣אוֹרֵ֔ב וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | Then you will arise from the ambush and take possession of the city, and the Lord your God will deliver it into your hand. | take possession of: with connotations of inheriting. |
| Josh 8:8 | וְהָיָ֞ה כְּתָפְשְׂכֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעִ֗יר תַּצִּ֤יתוּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ רְא֖וּ צִוִּ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And it will be the case that when you capture the city, you will set the city on fire. You will act according to the word of the Lord. Look, I have commanded you.” | |
| Josh 8:9 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֣ם לָעָ֑י וַיָּ֧לֶן יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ | So Joshua sent them off, and they went to the ambush, and they remained between Beth-El and Ai to the west of Ai, while Joshua lodged that night among the people. | |
| Josh 8:10 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּפְקֹ֖ד אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּ֨עַל ה֜וּא וְזִקְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם הָעָֽי׃ | Then Joshua got up early in the morning, and he reviewed the people, then he and the elders of Israel went up before the people to Ai. | reviewed: or counted, as AV (numbered). So AV differs. |
| Josh 8:11 | וְכָל־הָעָ֨ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֗וֹ עָלוּ֙ וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ נֶ֣גֶד הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעַ֔י וְהַגַּ֖י *בינו **בֵּינָ֥יו וּבֵין־הָעָֽי׃ | And all the military people who were with him went up and approached it, and they came opposite the city, and they encamped to the north of Ai. Now there was a valley between them and Ai. | them: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. The suffix is singular in both cases, referring to the military people, a collective noun. |
| Josh 8:12 | וַיִּקַּ֕ח כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּ֨שֶׂם אוֹתָ֜ם אֹרֵ֗ב בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֥ם לָעִֽיר׃ | And he took about five thousand men and stationed them as an ambush between Beth-El and Ai to the west of the city. | |
| Josh 8:13 | וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃ | And they stationed the people – the whole camp which was to the north of the city – and their trap to the west of the city, while Joshua went into the valley that night. | trap ← heel; rearguard (of an army); supplanter etc. The root can mean fraud, deceit. |
| Josh 8:14 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּרְא֣וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־הָעַ֗י וַֽיְמַהֲר֡וּ וַיַּשְׁכִּ֡ימוּ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָעִ֣יר לִקְרַֽאת־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לַֽמִּלְחָמָ֞ה ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמּוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּֽי־אֹרֵ֥ב ל֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that the men of the city quickly got up and went out to confront Israel in war – he and all his people at the appointed time, before the arid tract – but he did not know that there was an ambush for him behind the city. | got up ← got up early. |
| Josh 8:15 | וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel acted as if beaten by them, and they fled in the direction of the desert. |
acted as if beaten: pointed as niphal for feigning, but it could be re-pointed as hithpael, which is ↴
direction ← way. |
| Josh 8:16 | וַיִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר *בעיר **בָּעַ֔י לִרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיִּנָּתְק֖וּ מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | Then all the people who were {K: in the city} [Q: in Ai] were called upon to pursue them. So they pursued Joshua, and they were drawn out of the city. | ↳ more common for feigning, וַיִּנַּגְּעוּ. See [AnLx] §12.3 for assimilation of the tav before kaph and nun. See Deut 33:29 for a similar issue. |
| Josh 8:17 | וְלֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֣ר אִ֗ישׁ בָּעַי֙ וּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָצְא֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And not a man remained in Ai or Beth-El who did not come out after Israel, and they left the city open, and they pursued Israel. | |
| Josh 8:18 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נְ֠טֵה בַּכִּיד֤וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הָעַ֔י כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וַיֵּ֧ט יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּכִּיד֥וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָד֖וֹ אֶל־הָעִֽיר׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Point the spear in your hand towards Ai, for I will deliver it into your hand.” So Joshua pointed the spear in his hand towards the city. | |
| Josh 8:19 | וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ כִּנְט֣וֹת יָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָעִ֖יר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the ambush arose quickly from its place, and they started to run as he pointed his hand, and they came to the city and captured it, and they quickly set the city on fire. | |
| Josh 8:20 | וַיִּפְנ֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ הָעַ֨י אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם וַיִּרְא֗וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָלָ֜ה עֲשַׁ֤ן הָעִיר֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָנ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וְהָעָם֙ הַנָּ֣ס הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ אֶל־הָרוֹדֵֽף׃ | And the men of Ai turned round and looked, and what they saw was the smoke of the city rising into the sky, and they did not have the ability to flee one way or another, and the people who were fleeing to the desert turned on the pursuer. |
round ← behind them.
what they saw was ← behold. ability ← hands. one way or another ← to here and to here. |
| Josh 8:21 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had captured the city, and that the smoke of the city was rising, and they turned round and attacked the men of the city. | |
| Josh 8:22 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה יָצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ אֵ֥לֶּה מִזֶּ֖ה וְאֵ֣לֶּה מִזֶּ֑ה וַיַּכּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִ֥יד וּפָלִֽיט׃ | Then the others came out of the city towards them, and Israel had them in a pincer, with some on one side and some on the other side, and they struck them down until they had not left a remnant or escapee. | in a pincer ← in the middle. |
| Josh 8:23 | וְאֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ הָעַ֖י תָּ֣פְשׂוּ חָ֑י וַיַּקְרִ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | But they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua. | |
| Josh 8:24 | וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And it came to pass, when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the open land in the desert in which they had chased them, and they had all fallen by the edge of the sword until they had been destroyed, that all Israel returned to Ai, and they struck it with the edge of the sword. | |
| Josh 8:25 | וַיְהִי֩ כָל־הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And all those that fell on that day, both men and women, were twelve thousand – the whole population of Ai. | population ← men, people. |
| Josh 8:26 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לֹֽא־הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָ֖ה בַּכִּיד֑וֹן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱרִ֔ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And Joshua did not retract his hand with which he pointed the spear until he had obliterated all the inhabitants of Ai, | |
| Josh 8:27 | רַ֣ק הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּשְׁלַל֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔יא בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | except that Israel took the spoils of the cattle and the booty of that city, according to the word of the Lord with which he had commanded Joshua. | |
| Josh 8:28 | וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑י וַיְשִׂימֶ֤הָ תֵּל־עוֹלָם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then Joshua burned Ai and made it an age-abiding mound – a desolation up to this day. | |
| Josh 8:29 | וְאֶת־מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י תָּלָ֥ה עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ עַד־עֵ֣ת הָעָ֑רֶב וּכְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ אֶת־נִבְלָת֣וֹ מִן־הָעֵ֗ץ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אוֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And he hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening time, and as the sun set, Joshua gave commandment, and they took his corpse down from the tree, and they cast it into the entrance of the gate of the city, and they raised up on it a great heap of stones, which is there up to this day. |
tree: or wood. Perhaps gallows.
and they took: or that they take, as purposive use of the vav. Similarly in the clauses following. |
| Josh 8:30 | אָ֣ז יִבְנֶ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל׃ | Then Joshua built an altar to the Lord God of Israel at Mount Ebal, | |
| Josh 8:31 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּה֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּכָּתוּב֙ בְּסֵ֙פֶר֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִזְבַּח֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים שְׁלֵמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־הֵנִ֥יף עֲלֵיהֶ֖ן בַּרְזֶ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּזְבְּח֖וּ שְׁלָמִֽים׃ | as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses – an altar of pure stones, which no-one has used iron on – and they offered burnt offerings to the Lord on it, and they sacrificed peace-offerings. | used ← wielded. |
| Josh 8:32 | וַיִּכְתָּב־שָׁ֖ם עַל־הָאֲבָנִ֑ים אֵ֗ת מִשְׁנֵה֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּתַ֔ב לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he wrote there on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the sons of Israel. | |
| Josh 8:33 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וּזְקֵנָ֡יו וְשֹׁטְרִ֣ים ׀ וְשֹׁפְטָ֡יו עֹמְדִ֣ים מִזֶּ֣ה ׀ וּמִזֶּ֣ה ׀ לָאָר֡וֹן נֶגֶד֩ הַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַלְוִיִּ֜ם נֹשְׂאֵ֣י ׀ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֗ה כַּגֵּר֙ כָּֽאֶזְרָ֔ח חֶצְיוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל הַר־גְּרִזִ֔ים וְהַֽחֶצְי֖וֹ אֶל־מ֣וּל הַר־עֵיבָ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֗ה לְבָרֵ֛ךְ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And all Israel and its elders and officers and its judges stood on either side of the ark, opposite the Levite priests who bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord – the foreigner as well as the native citizen, half of them facing Mount Gerizim and half of them facing Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded at the start, so as to bless the people of Israel. | on either side ← from this and from this. |
| Josh 8:34 | וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן קָרָא֙ אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַתּוֹרָ֔ה הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And after that he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to everything that was written in the book of the law. | |
| Josh 8:35 | לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נֶ֣גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְהַנָּשִׁ֣ים וְהַטַּ֔ף וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַהֹלֵ֥ךְ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ פ | There was no word in everything which Moses commanded which Joshua did not read in the presence of the whole convocation of Israel, including the women and the children and the foreigner who walked in their midst. | |
| Josh 9:1 | וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ ח֚וֹף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And it came to pass that when all the kings who were across the Jordan heard it, in the mountain ranges and the low lying land, and along all the coast of the Great Sea opposite Lebanon – the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite – |
the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean Sea.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 9:2 | וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם עִם־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד׃ פ | that they joined up together to wage war on Joshua and on Israel unanimously. | unanimously ← one mouth. |
| Josh 9:3 | וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י גִבְע֜וֹן שָׁמְע֗וּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ לִֽירִיח֖וֹ וְלָעָֽי׃ | And the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, | Gibeon ← Gib'on, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 9:4 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בְּעָרְמָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ וַיִּקְח֞וּ שַׂקִּ֤ים בָּלִים֙ לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּמְצֹרָרִֽים׃ | and they for their part acted craftily, and they set out and pretended to be travellers, and they took worn-out sacks for the donkeys, and worn-out skin bottles for the wine, which were torn and mended, |
for their part ← they too, but the sense can be wider than this.
pretended to be travellers: hithpael for feigning. Compare Gen 42:7. mended ← bound up. |
| Josh 9:5 | וּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃ | and they wore shoes that were worn out and patched up on their feet, and they had worn-out clothes on them, and all the bread of their provisions was stale and speckled with mould. | speckled ← specks. |
| Josh 9:6 | וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו וְאֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵאֶ֤רֶץ רְחוֹקָה֙ בָּ֔אנוּ וְעַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥נוּ בְרִֽית׃ | And they came to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, and they said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land, so make a covenant with us now.” |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
men ← man. Collective usage. Also in Josh 9:7. make ← cut (plural). |
| Josh 9:7 | *ויאמרו **וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַחִוִּ֑י אוּלַ֗י בְּקִרְבִּי֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְאֵ֖יךְ *אכרות־**אֶֽכְרָת־לְךָ֥ בְרִֽית׃ | And the men of Israel said to the Hivite, “It could be that you dwell in my midst. So how can I make a covenant with you?” |
said: the ketiv is plural, whereas the qeré is singular.
I make ← I cut. The ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. |
| Josh 9:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מִ֥י אַתֶּ֖ם וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֹֽאוּ׃ | And they said to Joshua, “We are your servants”, and Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?” | |
| Josh 9:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו מֵאֶ֨רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ שָׁמְע֔וֹ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they said to him, “Your servants have come from a very distant land, because of the name of the Lord your God, for we have heard of his fame and everything that he did in Egypt, | |
| Josh 9:10 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה לִשְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן לְסִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן וּלְע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֖ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃ | and everything he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were across the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan, who was in Ashtaroth. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 9:11 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלֵ֡ינוּ זְֽקֵינֵינוּ֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י אַרְצֵ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְח֨וּ בְיֶדְכֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּלְכ֖וּ לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵיהֶם֙ עַבְדֵיכֶ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְעַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥נוּ בְרִֽית׃ | And our elders and all the inhabitants of our land spoke to us and said, ‘Take provisions in your hand for the journey, and go and meet them, and say to them, «We are your servants, so now make a covenant with us.» ’ | make ← cut. |
| Josh 9:12 | זֶ֣ה ׀ לַחְמֵ֗נוּ חָ֞ם הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ אֹתוֹ֙ מִבָּ֣תֵּ֔ינוּ בְּי֥וֹם צֵאתֵ֖נוּ לָלֶ֣כֶת אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָבֵ֔שׁ וְהָיָ֖ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃ | This is our bread. We stocked up with it hot from our houses when we departed to go to you, but now look, it is dry, and it has become speckled with mould. |
when ← on the day.
speckled ← specks. |
| Josh 9:13 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה נֹאד֤וֹת הַיַּ֙יִן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִלֵּ֣אנוּ חֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה הִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ וְאֵ֤לֶּה שַׂלְמוֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּנְעָלֵ֔ינוּ בָּל֕וּ מֵרֹ֥ב הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ מְאֹֽד׃ | And these are our wine bottles which we filled when they were new, but look, they have become torn, and these clothes and shoes of ours are worn out from the great length of the journey.” | |
| Josh 9:14 | וַיִּקְח֥וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִצֵּידָ֑ם וְאֶת־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א שָׁאָֽלוּ׃ | And the men took some of their provisions, but they did not ask for the Lord's pronouncement. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 9:15 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לָהֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְחַיּוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָעֵדָֽה׃ | And Joshua made peace with them, and he made a covenant with them to let them live, and the chiefs of the congregation swore it to them. | made ← cut. |
| Josh 9:16 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקְצֵה֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֕י אֲשֶׁר־כָּרְת֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֑ית וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֗וּ כִּי־קְרֹבִ֥ים הֵם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וּבְקִרְבּ֖וֹ הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ | Then it transpired after three days, after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they lived in their midst. |
after ← at the end of.
made ← cut. they ... their ← he ... his. |
| Josh 9:17 | וַיִּסְע֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל־עָרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וְעָרֵיהֶם֙ גִּבְע֣וֹן וְהַכְּפִירָ֔ה וּבְאֵר֖וֹת וְקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | Then the sons of Israel travelled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah and Beeroth and Kiriath-Jearim. |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
Chephirah ← the Chephirah. Kiriath-Jearim: AV= Kirjath-jearim, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 9:18 | וְלֹ֤א הִכּוּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלֹּ֥נוּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֖ה עַל־הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃ | So the sons of Israel did not attack them, because the chiefs of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel. And the whole congregation complained about the chiefs. | |
| Josh 9:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And all the chiefs said to the whole congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel, so now we cannot touch them. | |
| Josh 9:20 | זֹ֛את נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם וְהַחֲיֵ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ קֶ֔צֶף עַל־הַשְּׁבוּעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְנוּ לָהֶֽם׃ | This is what we will do with them, as we let them live, so that there will not be anger on us on account of the oath which we swore to them ...” |
we let them live: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
The ellipsis is clarified in the next verse. |
| Josh 9:21 | וַיֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם הַנְּשִׂיאִ֖ים יִֽחְי֑וּ וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֙יִם֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבְּר֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃ | And the chiefs said to them, “They shall live ...” And they became hewers of wood and drawers of water for the whole congregation, as the chiefs told them. | they shall live ... they became: AV differs somewhat (let them live... let them be), within the direct speech, but the pointing of וַיִּהְיוּ militates against a jussive. |
| Josh 9:22 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לָמָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִכֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּקִרְבֵּ֥נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ | So Joshua called them and spoke to them, and he said, “Why did you deceive us, saying, ‘We are very distant from you’, whilst you live in our midst? | |
| Josh 9:23 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אֲרוּרִ֣ים אַתֶּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת מִכֶּ֜ם עֶ֗בֶד וְחֹטְבֵ֥י עֵצִ֛ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֖יִם לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | So now, you are cursed, and none of you shall be discharged from being a servant or hewers of wood or drawers of water for the house of my God.” | discharged ← cut off. |
| Josh 9:24 | וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כִּי֩ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֤ד לַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וַנִּירָ֨א מְאֹ֤ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וַֽנַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then they answered Joshua and said, “It is because it was definitely told to your servants what the Lord your God commanded Moses his servant, that he would give you all the land and destroy all the inhabitants of the land before you, and we were very afraid of you for our lives, so we did this thing. |
it was definitely told: infinitive absolute.
lives ← souls. |
| Josh 9:25 | וְעַתָּ֖ה הִנְנ֣וּ בְיָדֶ֑ךָ כַּטּ֨וֹב וְכַיָּשָׁ֧ר בְּעֵינֶ֛יךָ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָ֖נוּ עֲשֵֽׂה׃ | So now, here we are in your hands. Do what is right and proper in your sight to do to us.” |
here we are ← behold us.
hands ← hand. |
| Josh 9:26 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּ֑ן וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אוֹתָ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְלֹ֥א הֲרָגֽוּם׃ | So he did so to them, and he spared them from the hand of the sons of Israel, and they did not kill them. | spared ← delivered, rescued. |
| Josh 9:27 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא חֹטְבֵ֥י עֵצִ֛ים וְשֹׁ֥אֲבֵי מַ֖יִם לָֽעֵדָ֑ה וּלְמִזְבַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחָֽר׃ פ | And Joshua appointed them hewers of wood and drawers of water on that day, to the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, as it is up to this day, at the place which he would yet choose. | |
| Josh 10:1 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם כִּֽי־לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־הָעַי֮ וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כֵּן־עָשָׂ֥ה לָעַ֖י וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ וְכִ֨י הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י גִבְעוֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ | And it came to pass when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and had obliterated it – that as he did to Jericho and its king, so he did to Ai and its king – and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and they were in their midst, |
Adoni-Zedek: [CB]= Adoni-zedec, but other editions of the AV have Adoni-zedek. Also in Josh 10:3.
Jerusalem ← Jerushalaim, or in modern pronunciation, Yerushalaim. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:2 | וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | that they were very afraid, for Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and it was larger than Ai, and all its men were warriors. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶל־הוֹהָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶ֠בְרוֹן וְאֶל־פִּרְאָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמ֜וּת וְאֶל־יָפִ֧יעַ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֛ישׁ וְאֶל־דְּבִ֥יר מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | So Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent messengers to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piram king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon and said, | |
| Josh 10:4 | עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י וְעִזְרֻ֔נִי וְנַכֶּ֖ה אֶת־גִּבְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Come up to me and help me, and we will attack Gibeon, because it has made peace with Joshua and the sons of Israel.” | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:5 | וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | So five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon gathered together and went up – they and all their companies – and they encamped against Gibeon and waged war on it. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
went up: the word often implies going to war. companies ← camps. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:6 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר׃ | Then the men of Gibeon sent messengers to Joshua, to the camp in Gilgal, and they said, “Do not let your support for your servants fail. Come up to us quickly and save us and help us, because all the kings of the Amorites – the inhabitants of the mountain range – are gathered up against us.” |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
in Gilgal ← to the Gilgal. support ← hand. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 10:7 | וַיַּ֨עַל יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל ה֚וּא וְכָל־עַ֤ם הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י הֶחָֽיִל׃ פ | So Joshua went up from Gilgal – he and all the military people with him – and all the valiant warriors. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for I have delivered them into your hand. Not a man of them will stand before you.” | |
| Josh 10:9 | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And Joshua immediately went to them; he went up from Gilgal all night. |
immediately ← suddenly.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:10 | וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord routed them before Israel, and he struck them with a great blow in Gibeon, and he pursued them on the ascent road to Beth-Horon, and he struck them down as far as Azekah and as far as Makkedah. |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
ascent road to ← ascent road of. |
| Josh 10:11 | וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ ס | And it came to pass, as they fled from Israel, while they were on the descent of Beth-Horon, that the Lord cast great stones at them from heaven, as far as Azekah, and they died. There were more that died by the hailstones than they whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword. | |
| Josh 10:12 | אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן׃ |
Then Joshua spoke to the Lord on the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorite before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel,
“Sun in Gibeon, stand still, And moon too, At the Valley of Aijalon. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. Aijalon: AV= Ajalon here and Josh 19:42; elsewhere Aijalon. |
| Josh 10:13 | וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃ |
And the sun stood still, And the moon stood in place, Until a people had taken vengeance on their enemy.” Is it not written in the Book of the Upright?“And the sun stood in place Half way across the sky And did not hasten to set For a complete day.” |
the Upright ← the Jashar. AV differs (Jasher), taking the word as a name. Compare 2 Sam 1:18.
for: or about. |
| Josh 10:14 | וְלֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְפָנָ֣יו וְאַחֲרָ֔יו לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And there was nothing like that day, before it or after it, in that the Lord obeyed man, for the Lord fought for Israel. | obeyed ← heard the voice of. |
| Josh 10:15 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃ | Then Joshua returned, as did all Israel with him, to the camp in Gilgal. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:16 | וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ | And those five kings fled, and they hid in a cave at Makkedah. | |
| Josh 10:17 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ | But it was reported to Joshua as follows: “The five kings have been found hiding in a cave at Makkedah.” | as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| Josh 10:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ גֹּ֛לּוּ אֲבָנִ֥ים גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֶל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהַפְקִ֧ידוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃ | Then Joshua said, “Roll large stones across the entrance to the cave and appoint men over it to guard them. |
entrance ← mouth.
them: grammatically agreeing with the kings, not the stones. |
| Josh 10:19 | וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | But don't you stay. Pursue your enemies and attack them at the rear. Do not let them go to their cities, for the Lord your God has delivered them into your hand.” | |
| Josh 10:20 | וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃ | And it came to pass, when Joshua and the sons of Israel had finished striking them down with a very great blow, until they had been finished off, that the remnant escaped from them and went to the fortified cities. | fortified cities ← cities of fortification, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 10:21 | וַיָּשֻׁבוּ֩ כָל־הָעָ֨ם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֧ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מַקֵּדָ֖ה בְּשָׁל֑וֹם לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְאִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃ | Then all the people returned to the camp – to Joshua – Makkedah being secure, and no-one criticized any of the sons of Israel. |
secure ← in peace / in security.
criticized ← sharpened his tongue. Perhaps the sense is snapped at. any ← a man. |
| Josh 10:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃ | Then Joshua said, “Open the entrance to the cave and bring out to me those five kings from the cave.” | |
| Josh 10:23 | וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֑ה אֵ֣ת ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יַרְמ֔וּת אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ עֶגְלֽוֹן׃ | And they did so, and they brought those five kings to him from the cave – the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. | brought ← brought out. |
| Josh 10:24 | וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when they had brought these kings out to Joshua, that Joshua called for every man of Israel and said to the leaders of the men of war who had gone with him, “Approach, place your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they approached and placed their feet on their necks. | |
| Josh 10:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to them, “Do not fear and do not be afraid. Be strong and take courage, for so the Lord will do to all your enemies with whom you are waging war.” | |
| Josh 10:26 | וַיַּכֵּ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔ם וַיִּתְלֵ֕ם עַ֖ל חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עֵצִ֑ים וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ תְּלוּיִ֥ם עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And after that Joshua struck them and killed them, and he hung them on five trees, and they were hanging on the trees until the evening. | trees (2x): see Josh 8:29. |
| Josh 10:27 | וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And it came to pass, at the time of sunset, that Joshua gave command, and they took them down from the trees, and they cast them into the cave where they had hidden, and they placed large stones at the cave entrance, which are there to this very day. | |
| Josh 10:28 | וְאֶת־מַקֵּדָה֩ לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶרֶב֮ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מַקֵּדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And Joshua captured Makkedah that day, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, including its king. He obliterated them, along with every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining, and he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done to the king of Jericho. | person ← soul. Perhaps including animals, living thing. See Josh 10:40 every breathing (creature). |
| Josh 10:29 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִמַּקֵּדָ֖ה לִבְנָ֑ה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עִם־לִבְנָֽה׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him crossed from Makkedah to Libnah, and he fought against Libnah. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 10:30 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה גַּם־אוֹתָ֜הּ בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֥יר בָּ֖הּ שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ ס | And the Lord delivered that too into Israel's hand, and its king, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining in it, and he did to its king as he did to the king of Jericho. |
he struck: referring to Israel collectively, or Joshua representing the troops he led. Also below and in subsequent verses.
person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:31 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃ | Then Joshua and all of Israel with him crossed from Libnah to Lachish, and he encamped against it, and he fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:32 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־לָכִ֜ישׁ בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְלִבְנָֽה׃ פ | And the Lord delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, and he captured it on the second day, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it, just as everything he did to Libnah. | person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:33 | אָ֣ז עָלָ֗ה הֹרָם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גֶּ֔זֶר לַעְזֹ֖ר אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִֽיד׃ | Then Horam king of Gezer went up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck him and his people, not leaving him a remnant remaining. | |
| Josh 10:34 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִלָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָה וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him crossed from Lachish to Eglon, and they encamped against it, and they fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:35 | וַֽיִּלְכְּד֜וּהָ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּהָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַנֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְלָכִֽישׁ׃ פ | And they captured it on that day, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it. On that day he obliterated it, just as everything he did to Lachish. | person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:36 | וַיַּ֣עַל יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מֵעֶגְל֖וֹנָה חֶבְר֑וֹנָה וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him went up from Eglon to Hebron, and they fought against it, | |
| Josh 10:37 | וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּהָ וַיַּכּֽוּהָ־לְפִי־חֶ֠רֶב וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֜יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ֙ לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֣יר שָׂרִ֔יד כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְעֶגְל֑וֹן וַיַּחֲרֵ֣ם אוֹתָ֔הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃ ס | and they captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and its king, and all its cities, and every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining, just as everything he did to Eglon. And he obliterated it along with every person who was in it. |
cities: i.e. satellite towns.
person (2x) ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:38 | וַיָּ֧שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבִ֑רָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and the whole of Israel with him returned to Debir, and he fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:39 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְחֶבְר֗וֹן כֵּן־עָשָׂ֤ה לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לְלִבְנָ֖ה וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ׃ | And he captured it and its king, and all its cities, and they struck them with the edge of the sword, and they obliterated every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining. Just as he did to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Libnah and its king. |
cities: i.e. satellite towns.
person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:40 | וַיַּכֶּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֡רֶץ הָהָר֩ וְהַנֶּ֨גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֜ה וְהָאֲשֵׁד֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Joshua struck the whole land – the mountain range and the south and the low lying land and the ravines – and all their kings. He did not leave a remnant remaining, and he obliterated every breathing creature, as the Lord God of Israel had commanded. | |
| Josh 10:41 | וַיַּכֵּ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ וְעַד־עַזָּ֑ה וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ גֹּ֖שֶׁן וְעַד־גִּבְעֽוֹן׃ | And Joshua struck them from Kadesh-Barnea to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen to Gibeon. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:42 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְאֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כִּ֗י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Joshua captured all these kings and their land in one go, because the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. | |
| Josh 10:43 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃ פ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the camp in Gilgal. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 11:1 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּשְׁמֹ֖עַ יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־חָצ֑וֹר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶל־יוֹבָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מָד֔וֹן וְאֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ שִׁמְר֖וֹן וְאֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַכְשָֽׁף׃ | And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor heard of this, that he sent messengers to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron and to the king of Achshaph, | |
| Josh 11:2 | וְֽאֶל־הַמְּלָכִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִצְּפ֗וֹן בָּהָ֧ר וּבָעֲרָבָ֛ה נֶ֥גֶב כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר מִיָּֽם׃ | and to the kings to the north, in the mountain range, and to those in the arid tract to the south of Kinnereth and in the low lying land, and in the heights of Dor to the west, |
Kinnereth ← Kinaroth with AV= Chinneroth here (a plural form which we singularize and regularize). Mainly Kinnereth elsewhere. See Num 34:11.
heights: AV differs somewhat (borders). |
| Josh 11:3 | הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִמִּזְרָ֣ח וּמִיָּ֔ם וְהָאֱמֹרִ֧י וְהַחִתִּ֛י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י בָּהָ֑ר וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ תַּ֣חַת חֶרְמ֔וֹן בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | and to the Canaanite to the east and to the west, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the mountain range, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). Both forms occur in the Hebrew, which we follow, but the AV does not always follow it. |
| Josh 11:4 | וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃ | And they came out, as did all their companies with them – a numerous people which is like the sand on the sea-shore in multitude – with horses and chariots in very great number. | companies ← camps. |
| Josh 11:5 | וַיִּוָּ֣עֲד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיַּחֲנ֤וּ יַחְדָּו֙ אֶל־מֵ֣י מֵר֔וֹם לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And all these kings met, and they departed and encamped together at the waters of Merom, to fight against Israel. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 11:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֣ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מִפְּנֵיהֶם֒ כִּֽי־מָחָ֞ר כָּעֵ֣ת הַזֹּ֗את אָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרֹ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for tomorrow at about this time I will be making all of them fallen men before Israel. You will hamstring their horses, and you will burn their chariots with fire.” | |
| Josh 11:7 | וַיָּבֹ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ וְכָל־עַם֩ הַמִּלְחָמָ֨ה עִמּ֧וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם עַל־מֵ֥י מֵר֖וֹם פִּתְאֹ֑ם וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua and all the military people with him came against them suddenly at the waters of Merom, and they attacked them. | |
| Josh 11:8 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּיַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ וַיַּכּוּם֒ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֞וּם עַד־צִיד֣וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וְעַד֙ מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם וְעַד־בִּקְעַ֥ת מִצְפֶּ֖ה מִזְרָ֑חָה וַיַּכֻּ֕ם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־לָהֶ֖ם שָׂרִֽיד׃ | And the Lord delivered them into Israel's hand, and they struck them, and they pursued them as far as Great Sidon and Misrephoth-Maim, and as far as the Valley of Mizpeh in the east. And they struck them without leaving them a remnant remaining. | Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Josh 11:9 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם עִקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | And Joshua did to them as the Lord had told him. He hamstrung their horses, and he burned their chariots with fire. | |
| Josh 11:10 | וַיָּ֨שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ וַיִּלְכֹּ֣ד אֶת־חָצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֖הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶחָ֑רֶב כִּֽי־חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then at that time Joshua turned back and captured Hazor. And he struck its king with the sword, for Hazor in the past was the head of all these kingdoms. | |
| Josh 11:11 | וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ לְפִי־חֶ֙רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה וְאֶת־חָצ֖וֹר שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And they struck every person that was in it with the edge of the sword. He obliterated it. No breathing creature remained, and he burned Hazor with fire. |
person ← soul.
he obliterated: infinitive construct in the role of a finite verb or participle (obliterating). |
| Josh 11:12 | וְֽאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִֽים־הָ֠אֵלֶּה וְֽאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֞ם לָכַ֧ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב הֶחֱרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | And Joshua captured all the cities of those kings, and all their kings, and he struck them with the edge of the sword. He obliterated them as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded. | |
| Josh 11:13 | רַ֣ק כָּל־הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם לֹ֥א שְׂרָפָ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל זוּלָתִ֛י אֶת־חָצ֥וֹר לְבַדָּ֖הּ שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | But Israel did not burn any of the cities which stood on their mound, except for Hazor alone, which Joshua burned. |
any ← all.
mound: AV differs (strength). |
| Josh 11:14 | וְ֠כֹל שְׁלַ֞ל הֶעָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֣ק אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃ | And the sons of Israel took as spoil for themselves all the booty of these cities, and the cattle, but they struck every person with the edge of the sword until they had destroyed them. They did not leave any breathing creature remaining. |
person ← man. Hebrew Adam.
any ← every. |
| Josh 11:15 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ כֵּן־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֵן֙ עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | As the Lord had commanded Moses his servant, so Moses had commanded Joshua, and so Joshua did. He did not omit anything of all that the Lord commanded Moses. | omit ← remove. |
| Josh 11:16 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֗את הָהָ֤ר וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה׃ | And Joshua took all this land – the mountain range and all the south and all the land of Goshen, and the low lying land and the arid tract and the mountain range of Israel and its low lying land, | Goshen ← the Goshen. |
| Josh 11:17 | מִן־הָהָ֤ר הֶֽחָלָק֙ הָעוֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעַד־בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן תַּ֖חַת הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ לָכַ֔ד וַיַּכֵּ֖ם וַיְמִיתֵֽם׃ | from Mount Halak which goes up to Seir, as far as Baal-Gad in the Valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon – and he captured all their kings, and he struck them and killed them. | Mount Halak ← the smooth mountain. |
| Josh 11:18 | יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | Joshua waged war with all these kings for many days. | |
| Josh 11:19 | לֹֽא־הָיְתָ֣ה עִ֗יר אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִשְׁלִ֙ימָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלְתִּ֥י הַחִוִּ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י גִבְע֑וֹן אֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל לָקְח֥וּ בַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | There was no city which made peace with the sons of Israel except the Hivites – the inhabitants of Gibeon. They took everything in the war. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 11:20 | כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | For it was from the Lord that their hearts should be hardened to engage in battle with Israel, so as to obliterate them, so that they should not be shown any mercy, for it was so as to destroy them, as the Lord had commanded Moses. |
that their hearts should be hardened ← to harden their heart.
be shown ← have. |
| Josh 11:21 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא וַיַּכְרֵ֤ת אֶת־הָֽעֲנָקִים֙ מִן־הָהָ֤ר מִן־חֶבְרוֹן֙ מִן־דְּבִ֣ר מִן־עֲנָ֔ב וּמִכֹּל֙ הַ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמִכֹּ֖ל הַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עִם־עָרֵיהֶ֖ם הֶחֱרִימָ֥ם יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | And Joshua came at that time and cut the Anakites off from the mountain range, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab and from every mountain of Judah, and from every mountain of Israel. Joshua obliterated them with their cities. | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 11:22 | לֹֽא־נוֹתַ֣ר עֲנָקִ֔ים בְּאֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֗ק בְּעַזָּ֛ה בְּגַ֥ת וּבְאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ | No Anakites remained in the land of the sons of Israel, except that they remained in Gaza, in Gath and in Ashdod. | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 11:23 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֗רֶץ כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ וַיִּתְּנָהּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְנַחֲלָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כְּמַחְלְקֹתָ֖ם לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | And Joshua took all the land according to everything the Lord had said to Moses. And Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. Then the land rested from war. | |
| Josh 12:1 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מִנַּ֤חַל אַרְנוֹן֙ עַד־הַ֣ר חֶרְמ֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעֲרָבָ֖ה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ | Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel struck and whose land they took possession of across the Jordan on the east, from the Arnon Brook up to Mount Hermon and all the arid tract in the east: | east ← sunrise. |
| Josh 12:2 | סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן מֹשֵׁ֡ל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְת֤וֹךְ הַנַּ֙חַל֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וְעַד֙ יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Sihon king of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon, who ruled from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook, and from the brook, and from half of Gilead to the Jabbok Brook, the border of the sons of Ammon, |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
from ← the middle of. Perhaps standing for (from) the middle (section) or (line) of. Compare Josh 13:9, Josh 13:16. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:3 | וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ עַד־יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת מִזְרָ֗חָה וְ֠עַד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֤ה יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ | and the arid tract up to the Sea of Kinnereth to the east, and as far as the Arid Sea – the Dead Sea – to the east, the road to Beth-Jeshimoth, and to the south below Ashdoth-Pisgah, |
Kinnereth ← Kinroth with AV= Chinneroth here. See Num 34:11, Josh 11:2.
the Arid Sea ← the Arid-Tract Sea, i.e. the Dead Sea. the Dead Sea ← the Salt Sea. |
| Josh 12:4 | וּגְב֗וּל ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן מִיֶּ֖תֶר הָרְפָאִ֑ים הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | and the territory of Og king of Bashan, who was of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, |
Bashan ← the Bashan.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 12:5 | וּ֠מֹשֵׁל בְּהַ֨ר חֶרְמ֤וֹן וּבְסַלְכָה֙ וּבְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן עַד־גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י וַחֲצִי֙ הַגִּלְעָ֔ד גְּב֖וּל סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ | and who ruled at Mount Hermon and in Salcah and in all Bashan up to the border with the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half of Gilead, to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. |
Bashan ← the Bashan.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:6 | מֹשֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֛ה וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הִכּ֑וּם וַֽ֠יִּתְּנָהּ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֜ה יְרֻשָּׁ֗ה לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ ס | Moses the servant of the Lord and the sons of Israel struck them, and Moses the servant of the Lord gave it as a possession to the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 12:7 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יָ֔מָּה מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד־הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק הָעֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֑ירָה וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ | And these are the kings of the land, whom Joshua and the sons of Israel struck across the Jordan to the west, from Baal-Gad in the Valley of Lebanon to Mount Halak, which goes up to Seir, land which Joshua gave to the tribes of Israel as a possession, according to their divisions, | Mount Halak: see Josh 11:17. |
| Josh 12:8 | בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ וּבָ֣אֲשֵׁד֔וֹת וּבַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וּבַנֶּ֑גֶב הַֽחִתִּי֙ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ פ | in the mountain range and in the low lying land, and in the arid tracts and in the ravines, and in the desert, and in the south – the land of the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite: | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 12:9 | מֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ אֶחָ֑ד מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י אֲשֶׁר־מִצַּ֥ד בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jericho, one, the king of Ai which is alongside Beth-El, one, | |
| Josh 12:10 | מֶ֤לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חֶבְר֖וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jerusalem, one, the king of Hebron, one, | |
| Josh 12:11 | מֶ֤לֶךְ יַרְמוּת֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jarmuth, one, the king of Lachish, one, | |
| Josh 12:12 | מֶ֤לֶךְ עֶגְלוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ גֶּ֖זֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Eglon, one, the king of Gezer, one, | |
| Josh 12:13 | מֶ֤לֶךְ דְּבִר֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ גֶּ֖דֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Debir, one, the king of Geder, one, | |
| Josh 12:14 | מֶ֤לֶךְ חָרְמָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עֲרָ֖ד אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Hormah, one, the king of Arad, one, | |
| Josh 12:15 | מֶ֤לֶךְ לִבְנָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עֲדֻלָּ֖ם אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Libnah, one, the king of Adullam, one, | |
| Josh 12:16 | מֶ֤לֶךְ מַקֵּדָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Makkedah, one, the king of Beth-El, one, | |
| Josh 12:17 | מֶ֤לֶךְ תַּפּ֙וּחַ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חֵ֖פֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Tappuah, one, the king of Hepher, one, | |
| Josh 12:18 | מֶ֤לֶךְ אֲפֵק֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ לַשָּׁר֖וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Aphek, one, the king of Lasharon, one, | |
| Josh 12:19 | מֶ֤לֶךְ מָדוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חָצ֖וֹר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Madon, one, the king of Hazor, one, | |
| Josh 12:20 | מֶ֣לֶךְ שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַכְשָׁ֖ף אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Shimron-Meron, one, the king of Achshaph, one, | |
| Josh 12:21 | מֶ֤לֶךְ תַּעְנַךְ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ מְגִדּ֖וֹ אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Taanach, one, the king of Megiddo, one, | Taanach: although the first syllable is closed, we regard the second a as standing for the ayin. But see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:22 | מֶ֤לֶךְ קֶ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶֽלֶךְ־יָקְנֳעָ֥ם לַכַּרְמֶ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Kedesh, one, the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one, | Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| Josh 12:23 | מֶ֥לֶךְ דּ֛וֹר לְנָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר אֶחָ֑ד מֶֽלֶךְ־גּוֹיִ֥ם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Dor of the heights of Dor, one, the king of the nations of Gilgal, one, | heights: AV differs (coast). Compare Josh 11:2. |
| Josh 12:24 | מֶ֥לֶךְ תִּרְצָ֖ה אֶחָ֑ד כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד׃ פ | the king of Tirzah, one. All the kings came to thirty-one. | |
| Josh 13:1 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו אַתָּ֤ה זָקַ֙נְתָּה֙ בָּ֣אתָ בַיָּמִ֔ים וְהָאָ֛רֶץ נִשְׁאֲרָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה־מְאֹ֖ד לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | Now Joshua was old and advanced in years, and the Lord said to him, “You have become old and advanced in years, but very much of the land remains to be taken possession of. |
years (2x) ← days.
to be taken possession of ← to take possession of it. |
| Josh 13:2 | זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת כָּל־גְּלִיל֥וֹת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְכָל־הַגְּשׁוּרִֽי׃ | This is the land which remains: all the regions of the Philistines, and all Geshuri, | Geshuri ← the Geshuri. |
| Josh 13:3 | מִֽן־הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י מִצְרַ֗יִם וְעַ֨ד גְּב֤וּל עֶקְרוֹן֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הָעַזָּתִ֤י וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִי֙ הָאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י וְהָעֶקְרוֹנִ֖י וְהָעַוִּֽים׃ | from Shihor which is before Egypt up to the border of Ekron to the north, which is reckoned to the Canaanites, five barons of the Philistines: the Gazathites and the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gittites and the Ekronites; also the Avites. |
Shihor ← the Shihor. AV= Sihor.
Ashdodites: AV= Ashdothites. Ashkelonites ← Eshkelonites, but for the city MT is always Ashkelon. AV= Eshkalonites, but for the city it is mixed with Ashkelon / Askelon. also the Avites ← and the Avites, plural. The ↴ |
| Josh 13:4 | מִתֵּימָ֞ן כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וּמְעָרָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַצִּידֹנִ֖ים עַד־אֲפֵ֑קָה עַ֖ד גְּב֥וּל הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | From the south: all the land of the Canaanites and Mearah of the Sidonians to Aphek, to the border of the Amorites, |
↳ other five are in the singular. This justifies considering the Avites separately.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:5 | וְהָאָ֣רֶץ הַגִּבְלִ֗י וְכָל־הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ מִבַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד תַּ֖חַת הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת׃ | and the land of the Giblites, and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal-Gad under Mount Hermon to the approach of Hamath. | east ← sunrise. |
| Josh 13:6 | כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָ֠הָר מִֽן־הַלְּבָנ֞וֹן עַד־מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֙יִם֙ כָּל־צִ֣ידֹנִ֔ים אָֽנֹכִי֙ אוֹרִישֵׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֠ק הַפִּלֶ֤הָ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ | As for all the inhabitants of the mountain range, from Lebanon to Misrephoth-Maim – all the Sidonians – I will dispossess them before the sons of Israel. You just assign it to Israel as an inheritance, as I have commanded you. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| Josh 13:7 | וְעַתָּ֗ה חַלֵּ֞ק אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה לְתִשְׁעַ֣ת הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים וַחֲצִ֖י הַשֵּׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And now, divide this land to be an inheritance for the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 13:8 | עִמּ֗וֹ הָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְהַגָּדִ֔י לָקְח֖וּ נַחֲלָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | With them the Reubenites and the Gadites received their inheritance which Moses gave them across the Jordan on the east, as Moses the servant of the Lord gave them, | |
| Josh 13:9 | מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֥ר מֵידְבָ֖א עַד־דִּיבֽוֹן׃ | from Aroer which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook and the city which is at the middle section of the brook, and all the plain of Medeba to Dibon, | the middle section of the brook: compare Josh 12:2, Josh 13:16. |
| Josh 13:10 | וְכֹ֗ל עָרֵי֙ סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן עַד־גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon and as far as the border of the sons of Ammon, | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:11 | וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י וְכֹ֨ל הַ֥ר חֶרְמ֛וֹן וְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד־סַלְכָֽה׃ | and Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and the Maachathites and all of Mount Hermon and all Bashan as far as Salcah, |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
territory ← border. Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| Josh 13:12 | כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וּת עוֹג֙ בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁר־מָלַ֥ךְ בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי ה֤וּא נִשְׁאַר֙ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִ֔ים וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּרִשֵֽׁם׃ | and all the kingdom of Og in Bashan who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei. It is he who was left from the remainder of the Rephaim, whom Moses struck and dispossessed.” | Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 13:13 | וְלֹ֤א הוֹרִ֙ישׁוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב גְּשׁ֤וּר וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the sons of Israel did not dispossess the Geshurite and the Maachathite, and Geshur and Maachath dwell in the midst of Israel up to this day. | Maachathite ... Maachath: AV= Maachathites ... Maachathites. |
| Josh 13:14 | רַ֚ק לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לֽוֹ׃ ס | But he did not give an inheritance to the tribe of Levi. The fire-offerings of the Lord God of Israel are their inheritance, as he has said to them. | their inheritance ← its inheritance. |
| Josh 13:15 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave the tribe of the sons of Reuben their inheritance according to their families. | |
| Josh 13:16 | וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֜ם הַגְּב֗וּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר עַל־מֵידְבָֽא׃ | And they had the territory from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook, and the city which is at the middle section of the brook, and all the plain as far as Medeba, |
territory ← border.
the middle section of the brook: compare Josh 12:2, Josh 13:9. |
| Josh 13:17 | חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן וְכָל־עָרֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֑ר דִּיבוֹן֙ וּבָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּבֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן׃ | namely Heshbon and all its cities which are on the plain, Dibon and Bamoth-Baal and Beth-Baal-Meon, | |
| Josh 13:18 | וְיַ֥הְצָה וּקְדֵמֹ֖ת וּמֵפָֽעַת׃ | and Jahzah and Kedemoth and Mephaath, | Jahzah: AV= Jahazah here, not recognizing the closed syllable. Elsewhere MT AV often have Jahaz, e.g. 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:19 | וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְשִׂבְמָ֔ה וְצֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר בְּהַ֥ר הָעֵֽמֶק׃ | and Kiriathaim and Sibmah and Zereth-Shahar in the mountain range of the valley, |
Kiriathaim: AV= Kirjathaim here.
Zereth-Shahar ← the Zereth-Shahar or Zereth-Hashshahar. AV= Zareth-shahar. |
| Josh 13:20 | וּבֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר וְאַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת׃ | and Beth-Peor and Ashdoth-Pisgah and Beth-Jeshimoth, | |
| Josh 13:21 | וְכֹל֙ עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר וְכָֽל־מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֹת֣וֹ ׀ וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֙קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע נְסִיכֵ֣י סִיח֔וֹן יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck, with the chiefs of Midian – Evi and Rekem, and Zur and Hur and Reba, princes of Sihon – inhabiting the land. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:22 | וְאֶת־בִּלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר הַקּוֹסֵ֑ם הָרְג֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֶל־חַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the sons of Israel killed by the sword Balaam the son of Beor, the diviner, among those who were defeated by them. |
killed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Josh 13:23 | וַיְהִ֗י גְּבוּל֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | And the border of the sons of Reuben was the Jordan – as a natural border. This was the inheritance of the sons of Reuben according to their families – their cities with their villages. | as a natural border ← and a border. Apparently pleonastic; it is also used in Num 34:6, Josh 15:12, Josh 15:47. In all cases, water is part of the border. |
| Josh 13:24 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מֹשֶׁה֙ לְמַטֵּה־גָ֔ד לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave an inheritance to the tribe of Gad – to the sons of Gad – according to their families. | |
| Josh 13:25 | וַיְהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ הַגְּב֔וּל יַעְזֵר֙ וְכָל־עָרֵ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וַחֲצִ֕י אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן עַד־עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י רַבָּֽה׃ | And their territory was at Jazer and all the cities of Gilead, and half of the land of the sons of Ammon as far as Aroer which is before Rabbah, |
territory ← border.
Jazer: see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, but in Num 21:32, Jaazer. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:26 | וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עַד־רָמַ֥ת הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּבְטֹנִ֑ים וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם עַד־גְּב֥וּל לִדְבִֽר׃ | and from Heshbon to Ramath-Mizpeh and Betonim, and from Mahanaim up to the border of Debir, | |
| Josh 13:27 | וּבָעֵ֡מֶק בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּבֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְסֻכּ֣וֹת וְצָפ֗וֹן יֶ֚תֶר מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְבֻ֑ל עַד־קְצֵה֙ יָם־כִּנֶּ֔רֶת עֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרָֽחָה׃ | and in the valley, Beth-Haram and Beth-Nimrah, and Succoth and Zaphon – the remainder of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon – with the Jordan as a natural border up to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth across the Jordan, to the east. |
Beth-Haram: AV= Beth-aram.
Kinnereth: see Num 34:11. |
| Josh 13:28 | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽם׃ | This was the inheritance of the sons of Gad according to their families – the cities and the villages. | |
| Josh 13:29 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י לַחֲצִ֛י מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave inheritance to half of the tribe of Manasseh, and to the half-tribe of the sons of Manasseh it belonged, according to their families. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh ... the half-tribe of the sons of Manasseh: different words for tribe in the Hebrew.
belonged ← became. |
| Josh 13:30 | וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִם כָּֽל־הַבָּשָׁ֜ן כָּֽל־מַמְלְכ֣וּת ׀ ע֣וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֗ן וְכָל־חַוֺּ֥ת יָאִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִֽיר׃ | And their border was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the villages of Jair which were in Bashan: sixty cities. | cities: it appears that villages could be given city status. In the 2011 census, St Davids, a city in Wales, had a population of 1841 [Wikipedia]. There is a separate word for town: קִרְיָה. |
| Josh 13:31 | וַחֲצִ֤י הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלְכ֥וּת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָׁ֑ן לִבְנֵ֤י מָכִיר֙ בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֥י בְנֵֽי־מָכִ֖יר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | And half of Gilead and Ashtaroth and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan were given to the sons of Machir the son of Manasseh – to one half of the sons of Machir by their families. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:32 | אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת מוֹאָ֑ב מֵעֵ֛בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרִיח֖וֹ מִזְרָֽחָה׃ ס | These are what Moses gave as an inheritance in the arid tracts of Moab across the Jordan, east of Jericho. | |
| Josh 13:33 | וּלְשֵׁ֙בֶט֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה נַחֲלָ֑ה יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָהֶֽם׃ | But to the tribe of Levi Moses did not give any inheritance. The Lord God of Israel is their inheritance, as he said to them. | |
| Josh 14:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִֽחֲל֜וּ אוֹתָ֗ם אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְרָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And these are the places which the sons of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun distributed as an inheritance, with the paternal heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel. |
which: we take אוֹתָם as a (typically Hebraic) redundant object pronoun in apposition to the relative pronoun. AV differs (to them).
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Josh 14:2 | בְּגוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְתִשְׁעַ֥ת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַחֲצִ֥י הַמַּטֶּֽה׃ | Their inheritance was by lot, as the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses, it being for the nine and a half tribes. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 14:3 | כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּטּוֹת֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֔ה מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְלַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | For Moses gave the inheritance of the two and a half tribes across the Jordan, but he did not give the Levites any inheritance among them. | across the Jordan: on the east, the perspective being from the west, where Joshua was. |
| Josh 14:4 | כִּֽי־הָי֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֛ף שְׁנֵ֥י מַטּ֖וֹת מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה וְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַלְוִיִּ֜ם בָּאָ֗רֶץ כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת וּמִ֨גְרְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם לְמִקְנֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְקִנְיָנָֽם׃ | For Joseph's sons became two tribes – Manasseh and Ephraim. But they did not give a portion to the Levites in the land, except cities to inhabit and pasture lands belonging to them, for their cattle and for their property. | belonging to them ← of them, referring to the Levites (masculine), not the cities (feminine). |
| Josh 14:5 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּחְלְק֖וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | As the Lord commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did, and they divided up the land. | |
| Josh 14:6 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו כָּלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה הַקְּנִזִּ֑י אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֶֽת־הַדָּבָר֩ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים עַ֧ל אֹדוֹתַ֛י וְעַ֥ל אֹדוֹתֶ֖יךָ בְּקָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ | Then the sons of Judah approached Joshua in Gilgal, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, “You know the word which the Lord spoke to Moses the man of God concerning me and concerning you in Kadesh-Barnea. |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
Kenizzite: see Num 32:12. |
| Josh 14:7 | בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה אָנֹכִ֗י בִּ֠שְׁלֹחַ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֥ה אֹתִ֛י מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ לְרַגֵּ֣ל אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וָאָשֵׁ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽי׃ | I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the Lord sent me from Kadesh-Barnea to spy out the land, and I reported back to him, in accordance with my heart. | |
| Josh 14:8 | וְאַחַי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָל֣וּ עִמִּ֔י הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | But my brothers who went up with me caused the heart of the people to melt away, but I followed the Lord my God fully. |
caused ... to melt away: with an Aramaic termination.
followed ... fully ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:9 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֗ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִם־לֹ֗א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙ בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתָ אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And Moses swore on that day and said, ‘The land which your foot has trodden on will certainly be yours as an inheritance, and your sons', age-abidingly, for you have fully followed the Lord my God.’ |
will certainly be ← if it will not be, standing for if it is not ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
fully followed ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:10 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּה֩ הֶחֱיָ֨ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אוֹתִי֮ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּר֒ זֶה֩ אַרְבָּעִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֜שׁ שָׁנָ֗ה מֵ֠אָז דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם בֶּן־חָמֵ֥שׁ וּשְׁמוֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And now, look, the Lord has kept me alive, as he said forty-five years ago, since when the Lord spoke this word to Moses, when Israel was walking in the desert, and now, look, I am eighty-five years old today. | |
| Josh 14:11 | עוֹדֶ֨נִּי הַיּ֜וֹם חָזָ֗ק כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ בְּי֨וֹם שְׁלֹ֤חַ אוֹתִי֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא׃ | Today I am still as strong as on the day when Moses sent me. As my strength was then, so my strength is now, in battle and in ordinary affairs. | in ordinary affairs ← to go out and to come in. |
| Josh 14:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנָה־לִּי֙ אֶת־הָהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י אַתָּֽה־שָׁמַעְתָּ֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא כִּֽי־עֲנָקִ֣ים שָׁ֗ם וְעָרִים֙ גְּדֹל֣וֹת בְּצֻר֔וֹת אוּלַ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אוֹתִי֙ וְה֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | So now, give me this mountain, of which the Lord spoke on that day, for you heard on that day that the Anakites were there, with great fortified cities, but that if the Lord was to be with me, I would dispossess them, as the Lord had said.” | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 14:13 | וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ | Then Joshua blessed him, and he gave Hebron to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as an inheritance, | |
| Josh 14:14 | עַל־כֵּ֣ן הָיְתָֽה־חֶ֠בְרוֹן לְכָלֵ֨ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֤ה הַקְּנִזִּי֙ לְֽנַחֲלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | which is why Hebron came to belong to Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite as an inheritance, up to this day – because he fully followed the Lord God of Israel. |
came ← became.
Kenizzite: see Num 32:12. fully followed ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:15 | וְשֵׁ֨ם חֶבְר֤וֹן לְפָנִים֙ קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע הָאָדָ֧ם הַגָּד֛וֹל בָּעֲנָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | And the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath-Arba, after Arba, who was the great man of the Anakites. And the land rested from war. |
Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2.
Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 15:1 | וַיְהִ֣י הַגּוֹרָ֗ל לְמַטֵּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם אֶל־גְּב֨וּל אֱד֧וֹם מִדְבַּר־צִ֛ן נֶ֖גְבָּה מִקְצֵ֥ה תֵימָֽן׃ | And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Judah, according to their families, was to the border of Edom – the Desert of Zin to the south, at the southern end. | |
| Josh 15:2 | וַיְהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל נֶ֔גֶב מִקְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And their border to the south was from the end of the Dead Sea, from the inlet which faces south. |
Dead Sea ← Salt Sea.
inlet ← tongue. Perhaps promontory. |
| Josh 15:3 | וְ֠יָצָא אֶל־מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה וְעָלָ֥ה מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְעָבַ֤ר חֶצְרוֹן֙ וְעָלָ֣ה אַדָּ֔רָה וְנָסַ֖ב הַקַּרְקָֽעָה׃ | And it went out from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, and it crossed over towards Zin, and it went up from the south to Kadesh-Barnea, and it crossed Hezron and went up to Addar, and it went round to Karkaa. |
the ascent of Akrabbim: AV differs, transliterating the whole (Maaleh-acrabbim). Compare Num 34:4, Judg 1:36. The meaning is ascent of scorpions.
Addar: AV= Adar, ignoring the dagesh forte in the daleth. Karkaa ← the Karkaa. |
| Josh 15:4 | וְעָבַ֣ר עַצְמ֗וֹנָה וְיָצָא֙ נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם *והיה **וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָ֑מָּה זֶה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ | And it crossed to Azmon and went out to the Brook of Egypt, and {K: the border at the sea was its extreme end} [Q: the extreme end of the border was at the sea]. This will be your southern border. |
Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5.
extreme end ← extremities. |
| Josh 15:5 | וּגְב֥וּל קֵ֙דְמָה֙ יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לַח עַד־קְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וּגְב֞וּל לִפְאַ֤ת צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ מִלְּשׁ֣וֹן הַיָּ֔ם מִקְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And the border to the east was the Dead Sea, up to the end of the Jordan, and the border in the northern corner is from the sea inlet at the end of the Jordan. | inlet ← tongue. See Josh 15:2. |
| Josh 15:6 | וְעָלָ֤ה הַגְּבוּל֙ בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה וְעָבַ֕ר מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְבֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּב֔וּל אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן בֶּן־רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | And the border went up to Beth-Hoglah, and it crossed over in the north to Beth-Arabah, and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. |
Beth-Hoglah: AV= Beth-hogla, ignoring the final hé.
Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah. |
| Josh 15:7 | וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֥וּל ׀ דְּבִרָה֮ מֵעֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒ וְצָפ֜וֹנָה פֹּנֶ֣ה אֶל־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל אֲשֶׁר־נֹ֙כַח֙ לְמַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִנֶּ֖גֶב לַנָּ֑חַל וְעָבַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ אֶל־מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו אֶל־עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל׃ | And the border went up to Debir from the Valley of Achor, and northwards, turning towards Gilgal, which is opposite the ascent of Adummim, which is to the south of the brook, and the border crossed to the water of En-Shemesh, and its extremities were at En-Rogel. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 15:8 | וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב הִ֖יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵ֤י גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ יָ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁ֛ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים צָפֹֽנָה׃ | And the border went up the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to the slope of the Jebusite to the south, that is Jerusalem. And the border went up to the summit of the mountain which faces the Valley of Hinnom on the west, which is at the northern end of the Valley of the Rephaim. |
the Valley of the Son of Hinnom: from which via Greek, Gehenna.
slope ← shoulder. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 15:9 | וְתָאַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל מֵרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֶל־מַעְיַן֙ מֵ֣י נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ וְיָצָ֖א אֶל־עָרֵ֣י הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן וְתָאַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ בַּעֲלָ֔ה הִ֖יא קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | And the border was drawn from the summit of the mountain to the source of the water of Nephtoah, and it went out to the cities of Mount Ephron, and the border was drawn to Baalah, that is Kiriath-Jearim. |
Baalah: Kiriath-Baal of Josh 15:60. MT's ultimate stress shows it is not locative (to Baal).
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Josh 15:10 | וְנָסַב֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה יָ֙מָּה֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעָבַ֕ר אֶל־כֶּ֧תֶף הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים מִצָּפ֖וֹנָה הִ֣יא כְסָל֑וֹן וְיָרַ֥ד בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְעָבַ֥ר תִּמְנָֽה׃ | Then the border went round from Baalah westwards to Mount Seir, and it crossed to the side of Mount Jearim on the north, that is Chesalon, and it went down to Beth-Shemesh, and it crossed over to Timnah. | side ← shoulder. |
| Josh 15:11 | וְיָצָ֨א הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף עֶקְרוֹן֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ וְתָאַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָה וְעָבַ֥ר הַר־הַֽבַּעֲלָ֖ה וְיָצָ֣א יַבְנְאֵ֑ל וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָֽמָּה׃ | And the border went out to the side of Ekron towards the north, then the border was drawn to Shicron, and it crossed over to Mount Baalah, and it went out to Jabneel, and the extremities of the border were at the sea. | |
| Josh 15:12 | וּגְב֣וּל יָ֔ם הַיָּ֥מָּה הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְב֑וּל זֶ֠ה גְּב֧וּל בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֛ה סָבִ֖יב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the border to the west went to the Great Sea – as a natural border. This is the border of the sons of Judah round about, according to their families. | as a natural border: see Josh 13:23. |
| Josh 15:13 | וּלְכָלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֗ה נָ֤תַן חֵ֙לֶק֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע אֲבִ֥י הָעֲנָ֖ק הִ֥יא חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And to Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a share in the midst of the sons of Judah according to the pronouncement of the Lord to Joshua: Kiriath-Arba (Arba being the father of Anak), that is Hebron. |
|| Judg 1:20.
pronouncement ← mouth. Kiriath-Arba: AV differs (city of Arba), but not in Josh 14:15. See Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 15:14 | וַיֹּ֤רֶשׁ מִשָּׁם֙ כָּלֵ֔ב אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָעֲנָֽק׃ | And Caleb dispossessed the three sons of Anak of that place: Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai – the offspring of Anak. |
|| Judg 1:20.
of that place ← of there. |
| Josh 15:15 | וַיַּ֣עַל מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּבִ֑ר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִ֥ר לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | Then he went up from there to the inhabitants of Debir. Now the name of Debir was previously Kiriath-Sepher. |
|| Judg 1:11.
Kiriath-Sepher: AV= Kirjath-sepher, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 15:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר כָּלֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֥ה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר וּלְכָדָ֑הּ וְנָתַ֥תִּי ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-Sepher and captures it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as a wife.” |
|| Judg 1:12.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Josh 15:17 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֛הּ עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־קְנַ֖ז אֲחִ֣י כָלֵ֑ב וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's brother, captured it, and he gave him Achsah his daughter as a wife. | || Judg 1:13, 1 Chr 4:13. |
| Josh 15:18 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ וַתְּסִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה וַתִּצְנַ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ כָּלֵ֖ב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And it came to pass when she came to him that she persuaded him to ask for a field from her father. So she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What is the matter?” |
|| Judg 1:14.
she persuaded him to ask: see Judg 1:14. what is the matter? ← what to you? |
| Josh 15:19 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר תְּנָה־לִּ֣י בְרָכָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ נְתַתָּ֔נִי וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֗הּ אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃ פ | And she said, “Give me a blessing, for you have given me the land of the south, so give me springs of water.” Then he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs. | || Judg 1:15. |
| Josh 15:20 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Judah, according to their families. | |
| Josh 15:21 | וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ הֶעָרִ֗ים מִקְצֵה֙ לְמַטֵּ֣ה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶל־גְּב֥וּל אֱד֖וֹם בַּנֶּ֑גְבָּה קַבְצְאֵ֥ל וְעֵ֖דֶר וְיָגֽוּר׃ | And the cities from the boundary of the tribe of the sons of Judah to the border of Edom in the south were: Kabzeel and Eder and Jagur, | |
| Josh 15:22 | וְקִינָ֥ה וְדִֽימוֹנָ֖ה וְעַדְעָדָֽה׃ | and Kinah and Dimonah and Adadah, | |
| Josh 15:23 | וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְחָצ֖וֹר וְיִתְנָֽן׃ | and Kedesh and Hazor and Ithnan, | Perhaps the “cities” of verses 23 - 25 form Hazor. |
| Josh 15:24 | זִ֥יף וָטֶ֖לֶם וּבְעָלֽוֹת׃ | Ziph and Telem and Bealoth, | |
| Josh 15:25 | וְחָצ֤וֹר ׀ חֲדַתָּה֙ וּקְרִיּ֔וֹת חֶצְר֖וֹן הִ֥יא חָצֽוֹר׃ | and Hazor-Hadattah and Kerioth and Hezron which is Hazor, |
Hazor-Hadattah: AV differs, regarding this as two towns, but Hazor has already been mentioned (Josh 15:23).
Kerioth and Hezron: perhaps one town, Kerioth-Hezron. |
| Josh 15:26 | אֲמָ֥ם וּשְׁמַ֖ע וּמוֹלָדָֽה׃ | Amam and Shema and Moladah, | |
| Josh 15:27 | וַחֲצַ֥ר גַּדָּ֛ה וְחֶשְׁמ֖וֹן וּבֵ֥ית פָּֽלֶט׃ | and Hazar-Gaddah and Heshmon and Beth-Pelet, | Beth-Pelet: AV= Beth-palet, the pausal form. Compare Neh 11:26. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 15:28 | וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע וּבִזְיוֹתְיָֽה׃ | and Hazar-Shual and Beersheba and Bizjothjah, | |
| Josh 15:29 | בַּעֲלָ֥ה וְעִיִּ֖ים וָעָֽצֶם׃ | Baalah and Iim and Ezem, | Ezem: AV= Azem, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 15:30 | וְאֶלְתּוֹלַ֥ד וּכְסִ֖יל וְחָרְמָֽה׃ | and Eltolad and Chesil and Hormah, | |
| Josh 15:31 | וְצִֽקְלַ֥ג וּמַדְמַנָּ֖ה וְסַנְסַנָּֽה׃ | and Ziklag and Madmannah and Sansannah, | Ziklag ← Zikelag here, the first syllable being open; see 1 Chr 4:30. |
| Josh 15:32 | וּלְבָא֥וֹת וְשִׁלְחִ֖ים וְעַ֣יִן וְרִמּ֑וֹן כָּל־עָרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וָתֵ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Lebaoth and Shilhim and Ain and Rimmon – all the cities came to twenty-nine in number, with their villages. | |
| Josh 15:33 | בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה אֶשְׁתָּא֥וֹל וְצָרְעָ֖ה וְאַשְׁנָֽה׃ | In the lowland: Eshtaol and Zorah and Ashnah, | Zorah ← Zor'ah, the first syllable being closed. AV= Zoreah. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:34 | וְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ וְעֵ֣ין גַּנִּ֔ים תַּפּ֖וּחַ וְהָעֵינָֽם׃ | and Zanoah and En-Gannim, Tappuah and Enam, | Enam ← the Enam. |
| Josh 15:35 | יַרְמוּת֙ וַעֲדֻלָּ֔ם שׂוֹכֹ֖ה וַעֲזֵקָֽה׃ | Jarmuth and Adullam, Sochoh and Azekah, | Sochoh: AV= Socoh here. See 1 Sam 17:1. |
| Josh 15:36 | וְשַׁעֲרַ֙יִם֙ וַעֲדִיתַ֔יִם וְהַגְּדֵרָ֖ה וּגְדֵרֹתָ֑יִם עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Shaaraim and Adithaim and Gederah and Gederothaim – fourteen cities with their villages; |
Shaaraim: AV= Sharaim.
Gederah ← the Gederah. |
| Josh 15:37 | צְנָ֥ן וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה וּמִגְדַּל־גָּֽד׃ | Zenan and Hadashah and Migdal-Gad, | |
| Josh 15:38 | וְדִלְעָ֥ן וְהַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וְיָקְתְאֵֽל׃ | and Dilan and Mizpeh and Joktheel, |
Dilan ← Dil'an. AV= Dilean, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21.
Mizpeh ← the Mizpeh. Joktheel: ambiguously ↴ |
| Josh 15:39 | לָכִ֥ישׁ וּבָצְקַ֖ת וְעֶגְלֽוֹן׃ | Lachish and Bozkath and Eglon, | ↳ spelled in Hebrew (closed syllable but no metheg). We retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:40 | וְכַבּ֥וֹן וְלַחְמָ֖ס וְכִתְלִֽישׁ׃ | and Cabbon and Lahmas and Kithlish, | Lahmas: AV= Lahmam, as in some manuscripts. |
| Josh 15:41 | וּגְדֵר֕וֹת בֵּית־דָּג֥וֹן וְנַעֲמָ֖ה וּמַקֵּדָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon and Naamah and Makkedah – sixteen cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:42 | לִבְנָ֥ה וָעֶ֖תֶר וְעָשָֽׁן׃ | Libnah and Ether and Ashan, | |
| Josh 15:43 | וְיִפְתָּ֥ח וְאַשְׁנָ֖ה וּנְצִֽיב׃ | and Jephthah and Ashnah and Nezib, | Jephthah ← Jiphtah, as AV, but elsewhere the AV uses Jephthah for this name, to which we conform here. See Judg 11:1, but we allow Jiphtah-El. |
| Josh 15:44 | וּקְעִילָ֥ה וְאַכְזִ֖יב וּמָֽרֵאשָׁ֑ה עָרִ֥ים תֵּ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Keilah and Achzib and Mareshah – nine cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:45 | עֶקְר֥וֹן וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶֽיהָ׃ | Ekron with its satellites and its villages; | satellites ← daughters. Similarly in other verses. |
| Josh 15:46 | מֵעֶקְר֖וֹן וָיָ֑מָּה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־יַ֥ד אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | from Ekron westwards: all that were next to Ashdod with their villages, | westwards: AV differs (to the sea), from which the direction is derived, because the sea is the Mediterranean. So the sense is not affected. |
| Josh 15:47 | אַשְׁדּ֞וֹד בְּנוֹתֶ֣יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶ֗יהָ עַזָּ֥ה בְּנוֹתֶ֥יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶ֖יהָ עַד־נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהַיָּ֥ם *הגבול **הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְבֽוּל׃ ס | Ashdod, its satellites, and its villages, Gaza, its satellites and its villages, as far as the Brook of Egypt and {K: the sea – the border} [Q: the Great Sea] – as a natural border; |
Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5.
as a natural border: see Josh 13:23. |
| Josh 15:48 | וּבָהָ֑ר שָׁמִ֥יר וְיַתִּ֖יר וְשׂוֹכֹֽה׃ | and in the mountain area: Shamir and Jattir and Sochoh, | Sochoh: AV= Socoh here. See 1 Sam 17:1. |
| Josh 15:49 | וְדַנָּ֥ה וְקִרְיַת־סַנָּ֖ה הִ֥יא דְבִֽר׃ | and Dannah and Kiriath-Sannah, which is Debir, | Kiriath-Sannah: AV= Kirjath-sannah, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 15:50 | וַעֲנָ֥ב וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖ה וְעָנִֽים׃ | and Anab and Eshtemoh and Anim, | |
| Josh 15:51 | וְגֹ֥שֶׁן וְחֹלֹ֖ן וְגִלֹ֑ה עָרִ֥ים אַֽחַת־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Goshen and Holon and Giloh – eleven cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:52 | אֲרַ֥ב וְרוּמָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁעָֽן׃ | Arab and Rumah and Eshan, |
Rumah: AV= Dumah.
Eshan ← Esh'an. AV= Eshean, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:53 | *וינים **וְיָנ֥וּם וּבֵית־תַּפּ֖וּחַ וַאֲפֵֽקָה׃ | {K: Janim} [Q: Janum] and Beth-Tappuah and Aphekah, | |
| Josh 15:54 | וְחֻמְטָ֗ה וְקִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן וְצִיעֹ֑ר עָרִ֥ים תֵּ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Humtah and Kiriath-Arba, which is Hebron, and Zior – nine cities with their villages; | Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 15:55 | מָע֥וֹן ׀ כַּרְמֶ֖ל וָזִ֥יף וְיוּטָּֽה׃ | Maon, Carmel and Ziph and Juttah, | |
| Josh 15:56 | וְיִזְרְעֶ֥אל וְיָקְדְעָ֖ם וְזָנֽוֹחַ׃ | and Jezreel and Jokdeam and Zanoah, | Jezreel ← Jizreel, but we retain the conventional spelling. |
| Josh 15:57 | הַקַּ֖יִן גִּבְעָ֣ה וְתִמְנָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים עֶ֖שֶׂר וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | Cain, Gibeah and Timnah – ten cities with their villages; |
Cain ← the Cain.
Gibeah ← Gib'ah, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:58 | חַלְח֥וּל בֵּֽית־צ֖וּר וּגְדֽוֹר׃ | Halhul, Beth-Zur and Gedor, | |
| Josh 15:59 | וּמַעֲרָ֥ת וּבֵית־עֲנ֖וֹת וְאֶלְתְּקֹ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שֵׁ֖שׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Maarath and Beth-Anoth and Eltekon – six cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:60 | קִרְיַת־בַּ֗עַל הִ֛יא קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִ֖ים וְהָֽרַבָּ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שְׁתַּ֖יִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | Kiriath-Baal which is Kiriath-Jearim and Rabbah – two cities with their villages; |
Kiriath-Baal ... Kiriath-Jearim: AV= Kirjath-baal ... Kirjath-jearim, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim.
Rabbah ← the Rabbah. |
| Josh 15:61 | בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר בֵּ֚ית הָעֲרָבָ֔ה מִדִּ֖ין וּסְכָכָֽה׃ | in the desert: Beth-Arabah, Middin and Sechachah, |
Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah.
Sechachah: AV= Secacah, but we follow ↴ |
| Josh 15:62 | וְהַנִּבְשָׁ֥ן וְעִיר־הַמֶּ֖לַח וְעֵ֣ין גֶּ֑דִי עָרִ֥ים שֵׁ֖שׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Nibshan and the City of Salt and En-Gedi – six cities with their villages. |
↳ AV's usual transliteration of a soft kaph as ch, as in Achan (Josh 7:1).
Nibshan ← the Nibshan. |
| Josh 15:63 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹֽא־*יוכלו **יָכְל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְהֽוֹרִישָׁ֑ם וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַיְבוּסִ֜י אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | But as for the Jebusites – the inhabitants of Jerusalem – the sons of Judah {K: are not able} [Q: were not able] to dispossess them, and the Jebusites have been dwelling with the sons of Judah in Jerusalem up to this day. |
are not able (ketiv): or will not be able, but the present tense is justifiable; compare Deut 14:24, Deut 22:3.
|| Judg 1:21. |
| Josh 16:1 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ מִיַּרְדֵּ֣ן יְרִיח֔וֹ לְמֵ֥י יְרִיח֖וֹ מִזְרָ֑חָה הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר עֹלֶ֧ה מִירִיח֛וֹ בָּהָ֖ר בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And the lot of Joseph's sons came out as from the Jordan at Jericho to the water of Jericho to the east – the desert which rises from Jericho at Mount Beth-El. | |
| Josh 16:2 | וְיָצָ֥א מִבֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל ל֑וּזָה וְעָבַ֛ר אֶל־גְּב֥וּל הָאַרְכִּ֖י עֲטָרֽוֹת׃ | And it came out as from Beth-El to Luz, and it crossed over to the border of Archi, to Ataroth. | Archi ← the Archi. |
| Josh 16:3 | וְיָֽרַד־יָ֜מָּה אֶל־גְּב֣וּל הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י עַ֣ד גְּב֧וּל בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן וְעַד־גָּ֑זֶר וְהָי֥וּ *תצאתו **תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָֽמָּה׃ | And it went down to the west, to the border of Japhleti as far as the border of Lower Beth-Horon, and as far as Gezer, and its limits were at the sea. |
limits: the ketiv reads limit, but it is perhaps an admissible scriptio defectiva spelling of limits.
Japhleti ← the Japhleti. |
| Josh 16:4 | וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And the sons of Joseph, of Manasseh and Ephraim, inherited it. | |
| Josh 16:5 | וַיְהִ֛י גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל נַחֲלָתָם֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר עַד־בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | And the border of the sons of Ephraim according to their families was assigned, and the border of their inheritance was to the east, in Ataroth-Addar as far as Upper Beth-Horon. | Ataroth-Addar ← Atroth-Addar. See Num 32:34. |
| Josh 16:6 | וְיָצָ֨א הַגְּב֜וּל הַיָּ֗מָּה הַֽמִּכְמְתָת֙ מִצָּפ֔וֹן וְנָסַ֧ב הַגְּב֛וּל מִזְרָ֖חָה תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה וְעָבַ֣ר אוֹת֔וֹ מִמִּזְרַ֖ח יָנֽוֹחָה׃ | And the border went out westwards to Michmethath in the north, and the border went round to the east to Taanath-Shiloh, and it passed it on the east, proceeding to Janohah. | Michmethath: AV= Michmethah. |
| Josh 16:7 | וְיָרַ֥ד מִיָּנ֖וֹחָה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְנַעֲרָ֑תָה וּפָגַע֙ בִּֽירִיח֔וֹ וְיָצָ֖א הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And it went down from Janohah to Ataroth and to Naarath, and it reached Jericho, and it went out to the Jordan. | |
| Josh 16:8 | מִתַּפּ֜וּחַ יֵלֵ֨ךְ הַגְּב֥וּל יָ֙מָּה֙ נַ֣חַל קָנָ֔ה וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּ֑מָּה זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | The border goes from Tappuah westwards to the Kanah Brook, and its limits are at the sea. This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim according to their families. | |
| Josh 16:9 | וְהֶעָרִ֗ים הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כָּֽל־הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And the separate cities of the sons of Ephraim were among the inheritance of the sons of Manasseh – all the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 16:10 | וְלֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י בְּקֶ֤רֶב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃ פ | But they did not dispossess the Canaanite who was living in Gezer, and the Canaanite lived in the midst of Ephraim, as it is up to this day, and they were under tribute service. | || Judg 1:29. |
| Josh 17:1 | וַיְהִ֤י הַגּוֹרָל֙ לְמַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא בְּכ֣וֹר יוֹסֵ֑ף לְמָכִיר֩ בְּכ֨וֹר מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲבִ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֗ד כִּ֣י ה֤וּא הָיָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ הַגִּלְעָ֥ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן׃ | And there was the lot for the tribe of Manasseh, because he was Joseph's firstborn, the lot for Machir Manasseh's firstborn, the father of Gilead, for he was a man of war, and he had Gilead and Bashan. |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 17:2 | וַ֠יְהִי לִבְנֵ֨י מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה הַנּוֹתָרִים֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִבְנֵ֨י אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר וְלִבְנֵי־חֵ֗לֶק וְלִבְנֵ֤י אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙ וְלִבְנֵי־שֶׁ֔כֶם וְלִבְנֵי־חֵ֖פֶר וְלִבְנֵ֣י שְׁמִידָ֑ע אֵ֠לֶּה בְּנֵ֨י מְנַשֶּׁ֧ה בֶּן־יוֹסֵ֛ף הַזְּכָרִ֖ים לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Manasseh who remained had a lot according to their families: for the sons of Abiezer and for the sons of Helek, and for the sons of Asriel, and for the sons of Shechem, and for the sons of Hepher, and for the sons of Shemida. These were the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph – the males – according to their families. | |
| Josh 17:3 | וְלִצְלָפְחָד֩ בֶּן־חֵ֨פֶר בֶּן־גִּלְעָ֜ד בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לֹא־הָ֥יוּ ל֛וֹ בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֹתָ֔יו מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה׃ | But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, did not have any sons, but only daughters, and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah and Tirzah. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 17:4 | וַתִּקְרַ֡בְנָה לִפְנֵי֩ אֶלְעָזָ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְלִפְנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְלִפְנֵ֤י הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ אַחֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם אֶל־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ נַֽחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֥י אֲבִיהֶֽן׃ | And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest and of Joshua the son of Nun, and of the leaders, and they said, “The Lord commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brothers.” And he gave them an inheritance according to the pronouncement of the Lord, among their father's brothers. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 17:5 | וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה לְבַ֞ד מֵאֶ֤רֶץ הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְהַבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And the portions of Manasseh fell, ten of them in number, apart from the land of Gilead and Bashan which are across the Jordan. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 17:6 | כִּ֚י בְּנ֣וֹת מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ בָּנָ֑יו וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ הַגִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִבְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָרִֽים׃ | For the daughters of Manasseh received an inheritance among his sons, and the land of Gilead was for the remaining sons of Manasseh. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 17:7 | וַיְהִ֤י גְבוּל־מְנַשֶּׁה֙ מֵֽאָשֵׁ֔ר הַֽמִּכְמְתָ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וְהָלַ֤ךְ הַגְּבוּל֙ אֶל־הַיָּמִ֔ין אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י עֵ֥ין תַּפּֽוּחַ׃ | And the border of Manasseh was from Asher to Michmethath, which is in front of Shechem, and the border went to the right, to the inhabitants of En-Tappuah. | Michmethath: AV= Michmethah. |
| Josh 17:8 | לִמְנַשֶּׁ֕ה הָיְתָ֖ה אֶ֣רֶץ תַּפּ֑וּחַ וְתַפּ֛וּחַ אֶל־גְּב֥וּל מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Manasseh had the land of Tappuah, but Tappuah itself up to Manasseh's border was for the sons of Ephraim. | |
| Josh 17:9 | וְיָרַ֣ד הַגְּבוּל֩ נַ֨חַל קָנָ֜ה נֶ֣גְבָּה לַנַּ֗חַל עָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּת֖וֹךְ עָרֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וּגְב֤וּל מְנַשֶּׁה֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לַנַּ֔חַל וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּֽמָּה׃ | And the border went down to the Kanah Brook southwards – towards the brook. These cities were for Ephraim in the midst of the cities of Manasseh, and Manasseh's border was to the north of the brook, and its limits were at the sea. | were ← was (so discordant). In Josh 18:12 etc. there are ketiv / qeré variations of this expression. |
| Josh 17:10 | נֶ֣גְבָּה לְאֶפְרַ֗יִם וְצָפ֙וֹנָה֙ לִמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וַיְהִ֥י הַיָּ֖ם גְּבוּל֑וֹ וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן וּבְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִמִּזְרָֽח׃ | To the south it was Ephraim's and to the north it was Manasseh's. And the sea was its border, and they met with the territory of Asher in the north, and with that of Issachar in the east. | |
| Josh 17:11 | וַיְהִ֨י לִמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה בְּיִשָּׂשכָ֣ר וּבְאָשֵׁ֗ר בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן וּ֠בְנוֹתֶיהָ וְיִבְלְעָ֨ם וּבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וְֽאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֧י דֹ֣אר וּבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י עֵֽין־דֹּר֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י תַעְנַךְ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י מְגִדּ֖וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת הַנָּֽפֶת׃ | And Manasseh had in Issachar's territory and in Asher's territory: Beth-Shean and its satellites, and Ibleam and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Dor and its satellites, and the inhabitants of En-Dor and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its satellites – the three highlands. |
|| Judg 1:27.
satellites (6x) ← daughters. Taanach ← Ta'nach, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Josh 17:12 | וְלֹ֤א יָכְלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לְהוֹרִ֖ישׁ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיּ֙וֹאֶל֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | But the sons of Manasseh could not dispossess these cities, and the Canaanites resolved to dwell in this land. |
|| Judg 1:27.
resolved: or were willing, or, as in Gen 18:27, undertook. |
| Josh 17:13 | וַֽיְהִ֗י כִּ֤י חָֽזְקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י לָמַ֑ס וְהוֹרֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And it came about that, when the sons of Israel became strong, they put the Canaanites under tribute, but they did not dispossess them at all. |
|| Judg 1:28.
dispossess them at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 17:14 | וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְחֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽאֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥נִי יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the sons of Joseph spoke with Joshua and said, “Why have you given me as an inheritance one lot and one portion, whilst I am a numerous people inasmuch as so far the Lord has blessed me?” | |
| Josh 17:15 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ עֲלֵ֣ה לְךָ֣ הַיַּ֔עְרָה וּבֵרֵאתָ֤ לְךָ֙ שָׁ֔ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַפְּרִזִּ֖י וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים כִּֽי־אָ֥ץ לְךָ֖ הַר־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And Joshua said to them, “If you are a numerous people, get moving up into the woodland and reclaim land for yourself there, in the land of the Perizzite and the Rephaim, for Mount Ephraim is too confined for you.” |
get moving up ← go up for yourself. Idiomatic.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 17:16 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לֹֽא־יִמָּ֥צֵא לָ֖נוּ הָהָ֑ר וְרֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֗ל בְּכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־הָעֵ֔מֶק לַֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְלַֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | Then the sons of Joseph said, “The mountain is not sufficient for us, but all the Canaanites who live in the valley area have iron chariots, both they of Beth-Shean and its satellites, and they of the Valley of Jezreel.” |
sufficient: or at hand.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Josh 17:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וְלִמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר עַם־רַ֣ב אַתָּ֗ה וְכֹ֤חַ גָּדוֹל֙ לָ֔ךְ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ גּוֹרָ֥ל אֶחָֽד׃ | Then Joshua spoke to the house of Joseph – to Ephraim and to Manasseh – and he said, “You are a numerous people, and you have great strength. You will not have just one lot. | |
| Josh 17:18 | כִּ֣י הַ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ כִּֽי־יַ֣עַר ה֔וּא וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־תוֹרִ֣ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י כִּ֣י רֶ֤כֶב בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י חָזָ֖ק הֽוּא׃ פ | For you will have a mountain, for it is woodland, and you will reclaim it, and its limits will belong to you, for you will dispossess the Canaanite, although they have iron chariots and although they are strong.” | limits will belong ← limits will be; become. Discordant in number. Compare Josh 17:9. |
| Josh 18:1 | וַיִּקָּ֨הֲל֜וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיַּשְׁכִּ֥ינוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהָאָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the whole congregation of the sons of Israel was convened at Shiloh, and they set up the tent of contact there. And the land was subdued before them. | the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| Josh 18:2 | וַיִּוָּֽתְרוּ֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם שִׁבְעָ֖ה שְׁבָטִֽים׃ | Now there remained among the sons of Israel those who had not been apportioned their inheritance – seven tribes. | had not been apportioned ← whom they had not apportioned. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Josh 18:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַד־אָ֙נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Joshua said to the sons of Israel, “How long will you be slack in going to take possession of the land which the Lord God of your fathers has given you? | in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 18:4 | הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑בֶט וְאֶשְׁלָחֵ֗ם וְיָקֻ֜מוּ וְיִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָאָ֛רֶץ וְיִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛הּ לְפִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖ם וְיָבֹ֥אוּ אֵלָֽי׃ | Appoint yourselves three men per tribe, and I will send them, and they will get up and walk around the land, and document it according to their inheritance, and then they will come to me. | document ← write. |
| Josh 18:5 | וְהִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְשִׁבְעָ֣ה חֲלָקִ֑ים יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד עַל־גְּבוּלוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב וּבֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף יַעַמְד֥וּ עַל־גְּבוּלָ֖ם מִצָּפֽוֹן׃ | And they will divide it into seven portions. Judah will remain in his territory in the south, and the house of Joseph will remain in their territory to the north. | territory (2x) ← border. |
| Josh 18:6 | וְאַתֶּ֞ם תִּכְתְּב֤וּ אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה חֲלָקִ֔ים וַֽהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖י הֵ֑נָּה וְיָרִ֨יתִי לָכֶ֤ם גּוֹרָל֙ פֹּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And you will document the land as seven portions, and you will report to me here, and I will cast lots for you here before the Lord our God. |
document ← write.
report ← bring (word). |
| Josh 18:7 | כִּ֠י אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק לַלְוִיִּם֙ בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑וֹ וְגָ֡ד וּרְאוּבֵ֡ן וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗ם מֵעֵ֤בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | For the Levites do not have a portion in your midst, for the Lord's priesthood is their inheritance, and Gad and Reuben and half of the tribe of Manasseh received their inheritance across the Jordan on the east, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave them.” |
their inheritance ← his inheritance.
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 18:8 | וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ אֶת־הַהֹלְכִים֩ לִכְתֹּ֨ב אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ וְכִתְב֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י וּ֠פֹה אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ לָכֶ֥ם גּוֹרָ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ | Then the men got up and departed, and Joshua commanded those who went to document the land, and he said, “Go and walk around the land and document it, then return to me, and I will cast lots for you here in the presence of the Lord in Shiloh.” | document (2x) ← write. |
| Josh 18:9 | וַיֵּלְכ֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיַּעַבְר֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּכְתְּב֧וּהָ לֶֽעָרִ֛ים לְשִׁבְעָ֥ה חֲלָקִ֖ים עַל־סֵ֑פֶר וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁלֹֽה׃ | So the men departed and crossed the land and documented it by cities in seven portions in a book. Then they came back to Joshua at the camp at Shiloh, | documented ← wrote. |
| Josh 18:10 | וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֩ לָהֶ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ גּוֹרָ֛ל בְּשִׁלֹ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְחַלֶּק־שָׁ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ פ | and Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh, in the presence of the Lord, and Joshua apportioned the land there to the sons of Israel according to their divisions. | |
| Josh 18:11 | וַיַּ֗עַל גּוֹרַ֛ל מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיֵּצֵא֙ גְּב֣וּל גּֽוֹרָלָ֔ם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף׃ | And the lot of the sons of Benjamin came up according to their families, and the territory of their lot came out as between the sons of Judah and the sons of Joseph. | territory ← border. |
| Josh 18:12 | וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֧ם הַגְּב֛וּל לִפְאַ֥ת צָפ֖וֹנָה מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּבוּל֩ אֶל־כֶּ֨תֶף יְרִיח֜וֹ מִצָּפ֗וֹן וְעָלָ֤ה בָהָר֙ יָ֔מָּה *והיה **וְהָיוּ֙ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו מִדְבַּ֖רָה בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃ | And their border in the northern quarter was from the Jordan, and the border went up to the side of Jericho in the north, then it went up to the mountain range westwards, and {Q: its limits were} [K: it was the case that its limits were] at the Desert of Beth-Aven. | |
| Josh 18:13 | וְעָבַר֩ מִשָּׁ֨ם הַגְּב֜וּל ל֗וּזָה אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף ל֙וּזָה֙ נֶ֔גְבָּה הִ֖יא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְיָרַ֤ד הַגְּבוּל֙ עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר עַל־הָהָ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר מִנֶּ֥גֶב לְבֵית־חֹר֖וֹן תַּחְתּֽוֹן׃ | The border then crossed over from there to Luz, to the slope of Luz, going south, that is to Beth-El, then the border went down to Ataroth-Addar at the mountain which is south of Lower Beth-Horon. |
slope ← shoulder.
Ataroth-Addar ← Atroth-Addar. AV= Ataroth-adar. See Josh 15:3, Num 32:34. |
| Josh 18:14 | וְתָאַ֣ר הַגְּבוּל֩ וְנָסַ֨ב לִפְאַת־יָ֜ם נֶ֗גְבָּה מִן־הָהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ נֶגְבָּה֒ *והיה **וְהָי֣וּ תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗יו אֶל־קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ הִ֚יא קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים עִ֖יר בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה זֹ֖את פְּאַת־יָֽם׃ | And the border was drawn, and it went round the western quarter southwards from the mountain which is before Beth-Horon, southwards, and {Q: its limits were} [K: it was the case that its limits were] at Kiriath-Baal, that is Kiriath-Jearim, a city of the sons of Judah. This is the western quarter. | Kiriath-Baal ... Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 15:60. |
| Josh 18:15 | וּפְאַת־נֶ֕גְבָּה מִקְצֵ֖ה קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים וְיָצָ֤א הַגְּבוּל֙ יָ֔מָּה וְיָצָ֕א אֶל־מַעְיַ֖ן מֵ֥י נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ׃ | And the southern quarter was from the end of Kiriath-Jearim, and the border went out westwards, and it went out to the water-source of Nephtoah. | Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Josh 18:16 | וְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָהָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִ֖ים צָפ֑וֹנָה וְיָרַד֩ גֵּ֨י הִנֹּ֜ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ נֶ֔גְבָּה וְיָרַ֖ד עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל׃ | And the border went down to the end of the mountain range which is by the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, which is in the Valley of the Rephaim to the north. And it went down the Valley of Hinnom to the side of Jebusi on the south, and it went down to En-Rogel. |
Valley of the Son of Hinnom: see Josh 15:8.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). side ← shoulder. |
| Josh 18:17 | וְתָאַ֣ר מִצָּפ֗וֹן וְיָצָא֙ עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְיָצָא֙ אֶל־גְּלִיל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־נֹ֖כַח מַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֑ים וְיָרַ֕ד אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן בֶּן־רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | And it was drawn from the north, and it went out to En-Shemesh, and it went out to Geliloth, which is opposite the ascent to Adummim, then it went down to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. | |
| Josh 18:18 | וְעָבַ֛ר אֶל־כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה צָפ֑וֹנָה וְיָרַ֖ד הָעֲרָבָֽתָה׃ | And it crossed over to the side opposite Arabah to the north, and then descended to Arabah itself. | Arabah (2x) ← the Arabah, or the arid tract. |
| Josh 18:19 | וְעָבַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ *והיה **וְהָי֣וּ ׀ *תצאותיו **תֹּצְא֣וֹת הַגְּב֗וּל אֶל־לְשׁ֤וֹן יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן נֶ֑גְבָּה זֶ֖ה גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ | And the border crossed the side of Beth-Hoglah northwards, and {Q: the limits of the border were} [K: it was the case that its limits – the border – were] at the inlet of the Dead Sea to the north and at the southern end of the Jordan. This is the southern border. |
side ← shoulder.
inlet: see Josh 15:2. Dead Sea ← Salt Sea. |
| Josh 18:20 | וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן יִגְבֹּל־אֹת֖וֹ לִפְאַת־קֵ֑דְמָה זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן לִגְבֽוּלֹתֶ֛יהָ סָבִ֖יב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the Jordan formed its border in the eastern quarter. This was the inheritance of the sons of Benjamin according to their enclosing borders, according to their families. | enclosing ← round about. |
| Josh 18:21 | וְהָי֣וּ הֶֽעָרִ֗ים לְמַטֵּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם יְרִיח֥וֹ וּבֵית־חָגְלָ֖ה וְעֵ֥מֶק קְצִֽיץ׃ | And the cities which belonged to the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their families were: Jericho and Beth-Hoglah and the Valley of Keziz, | |
| Josh 18:22 | וּבֵ֧ית הָֽעֲרָבָ֛ה וּצְמָרַ֖יִם וּבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃ | and Beth-Arabah and Zemaraim and Beth-El, | Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah. |
| Josh 18:23 | וְהָעַוִּ֥ים וְהַפָּרָ֖ה וְעָפְרָֽה׃ | and Avim and Parah and Ophrah, | Avim ... Parah ← the Avim ... the Parah. |
| Josh 18:24 | וּכְפַ֧ר *העמני **הָֽעַמֹּנָ֛ה וְהָֽעָפְנִ֖י וָגָ֑בַע עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and {K: Chephar-Haammoni} [Q: Chephar-Haammonah] and Ophni and Geba – twelve cities with their villages; |
Ophni ← the Ophni.
Geba: AV differs, having the pausal form Gaba here and in Ezra 2:26, but elsewhere, for this consonantal word, Geba or Gibeah. Geba is distinct from Gibeah in [LHG]. See Josh 15:57. |
| Josh 18:25 | גִּבְע֥וֹן וְהָֽרָמָ֖ה וּבְאֵרֽוֹת׃ | Gibeon and Ramah and Beeroth, |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Josh 18:26 | וְהַמִּצְפֶּ֥ה וְהַכְּפִירָ֖ה וְהַמֹּצָֽה׃ | and Mizpeh and Chephirah and Mozah, | Mizpeh ... Chephirah ... Mozah ← the Mizpeh ... the Chephirah ... the Mozah. |
| Josh 18:27 | וְרֶ֥קֶם וְיִרְפְּאֵ֖ל וְתַרְאֲלָֽה׃ | and Rekem and Irpeel and Taralah, | |
| Josh 18:28 | וְצֵלַ֡ע הָאֶ֜לֶף וְהַיְבוּסִ֨י הִ֤יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת קִרְיַ֔ת עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶ֑ן זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ פ | and Zela, Eleph and Jebusi – that is Jerusalem – Gibeath, Kiriath – fourteen cities with their villages. This was the inheritance of the sons of Benjamin according to their families. |
Zela: AV= Zelah.
Eleph ... Jebusi ← the Eleph ... the Jebusi. Gibeath ← Gib'ath, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. Kiriath: AV= Kirjath, but ↴ |
| Josh 19:1 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֤ל הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לְשִׁמְע֔וֹן לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the second lot came out for Simeon – for the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their families – and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the sons of Judah. | ↳ sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 19:2 | וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּנַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם בְּאֵֽר־שֶׁ֥בַע וְשֶׁ֖בַע וּמוֹלָדָֽה׃ | And they had as their inheritance Beersheba and Sheba and Moladah, |
as their inheritance ← in their inheritance.
Beersheba and Sheba: AV differs (Beer-sheba or Sheba), which allows for a total of 13 in Josh 19:6. Perhaps these or other cities were a conurbation counted as one. |
| Josh 19:3 | וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבָלָ֖ה וָעָֽצֶם׃ | and Hazar-Shual and Balah and Ezem, | Ezem: AV= Azem. See Josh 15:29. |
| Josh 19:4 | וְאֶלְתּוֹלַ֥ד וּבְת֖וּל וְחָרְמָֽה׃ | and Eltolad and Bethul and Hormah, | |
| Josh 19:5 | וְצִֽקְלַ֥ג וּבֵית־הַמַּרְכָּב֖וֹת וַחֲצַ֥ר סוּסָֽה׃ | and Ziklag and Beth-Marcaboth and Hazar-Susah, | |
| Josh 19:6 | וּבֵ֥ית לְבָא֖וֹת וְשָֽׁרוּחֶ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Beth-Lebaoth and Sharuhen – thirteen cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 19:7 | עַ֥יִן ׀ רִמּ֖וֹן וָעֶ֣תֶר וְעָשָׁ֑ן עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּ֖ע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Ain, Rimmon, and Ether and Ashan – four cities with their villages; | Rimmon: AV= Remmon. |
| Josh 19:8 | וְכָל־הַֽחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר סְבִיבוֹת֙ הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה עַד־בַּֽעֲלַ֥ת בְּאֵ֖ר רָ֣אמַת נֶ֑גֶב זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | and all the villages that are around these cities, up to Baalath-Beer and Ramath of the south. This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:9 | מֵחֶ֙בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה נַחֲלַ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הָיָ֞ה חֵ֤לֶק בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ רַ֣ב מֵהֶ֔ם וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן בְּת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃ פ | The inheritance of the sons of Simeon came from the portion of the sons of Judah, for the portion of the sons of Judah was too great for them, and the sons of Simeon received an inheritance within their inheritance. | |
| Josh 19:10 | וַיַּ֙עַל֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לִבְנֵ֥י זְבוּלֻ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י גְּב֥וּל נַחֲלָתָ֖ם עַד־שָׂרִֽיד׃ | Then the third lot came up, for the sons of Zebulun, according to their families, and the border of their inheritance was up to Sarid. | |
| Josh 19:11 | וְעָלָ֨ה גְבוּלָ֧ם ׀ לַיָּ֛מָּה וּמַרְעֲלָ֖ה וּפָגַ֣ע בְּדַבָּ֑שֶׁת וּפָגַע֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔חַל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם׃ | And their border went up to the west, and to Maralah, and it reached Dabbesheth, and it reached the brook which is before Jokneam. | Dabbesheth: AV= Dabbasheth, the pausal form. |
| Josh 19:12 | וְשָׁ֣ב מִשָּׂרִ֗יד קֵ֚דְמָה מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ עַל־גְּב֥וּל כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר וְיָצָ֥א אֶל־הַדָּֽבְרַ֖ת וְעָלָ֥ה יָפִֽיעַ׃ | And it came back from Sarid eastwards, towards the sunrise, to the border of Chisloth-Tabor, and it went out to Daberath, and it went up to Japhia. | Daberath ← the Daberath. |
| Josh 19:13 | וּמִשָּׁ֤ם עָבַר֙ קֵ֣דְמָה מִזְרָ֔חָה גִּתָּ֥ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין וְיָצָ֛א רִמּ֥וֹן הַמְּתֹאָ֖ר הַנֵּעָֽה׃ | And from there it crossed eastwards, towards the sunrise, to Gittah-Hepher and Ittah-Kazin, and it went out to Rimmon-Methoar, and to Neah. |
Rimmon-Methoar: AV= Remmon-methoar.
Neah ← the Neah. |
| Josh 19:14 | וְנָסַ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ הַגְּב֔וּל מִצְּפ֖וֹן חַנָּתֹ֑ן וְהָיוּ֙ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו גֵּ֖י יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל׃ | And the border went round it to the north at Hannathon and its limits were at the Valley of Jiphtah-El, | Jiphtah-El: AV= Jiphthah-el, not recognizing the dagesh lene. |
| Josh 19:15 | וְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem – twelve cities with their villages. |
Nahalal: AV= Nahallal, but in Josh 21:35 AV= Nahalal.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Josh 19:16 | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם הֶֽעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:17 | לְיִ֨שָּׂשכָ֔ר יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽרְבִיעִ֑י לִבְנֵ֥י יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | The fourth lot came out for Issachar – for the sons of Issachar according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:18 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּבוּלָ֑ם יִזְרְעֶ֥אלָה וְהַכְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְשׁוּנֵֽם׃ | And their border was towards Jezreel and Chesuloth and Shunem, |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
Chesuloth ← the Chesuloth (with one el). AV= Chesulloth. |
| Josh 19:19 | וַחֲפָרַ֥יִם וְשִׁיאֹ֖ן וַאֲנָחֲרַֽת׃ | and Hapharaim and Shion and Anaharath, | Shion ← Shi'on. AV ([CB] edition)= Shihon. |
| Josh 19:20 | וְהָֽרַבִּ֥ית וְקִשְׁי֖וֹן וָאָֽבֶץ׃ | and Rabbith and Kishion and Ebez, |
Rabbith ← the Rabbith.
Ebez: AV= Abez, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 19:21 | וְרֶ֧מֶת וְעֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְעֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ׃ | and Remeth and En-Gannim and En-Haddah and Beth-Pazzez. | |
| Josh 19:22 | וּפָגַע֩ הַגְּב֨וּל בְּתָב֤וֹר *ושחצומה **וְשַׁחֲצִ֙ימָה֙ וּבֵ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת גְּבוּלָ֖ם הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And the border reached Tabor and {K: Shahazumah} [Q: Shahazimah] and Beth-Shemesh, and the limits of their border were at the Jordan – sixteen cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:23 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar according to their families – the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:24 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | Then the fifth lot came out, for the tribe of the sons of Asher, according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:25 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּבוּלָ֑ם חֶלְקַ֥ת וַחֲלִ֖י וָבֶ֥טֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף׃ | And their border was at Helkath and Hali and Beten and Achshaph, | |
| Josh 19:26 | וְאַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְעַמְעָ֖ד וּמִשְׁאָ֑ל וּפָגַ֤ע בְּכַרְמֶל֙ הַיָּ֔מָּה וּבְשִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת׃ | and Alammelech and Amad and Mishal, and it reached Carmel to the west, and to Shihor-Libnath. | Mishal ← Mish'al. AV= Misheal, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 19:27 | וְשָׁ֨ב מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֮ בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ וּפָגַ֣ע בִּ֠זְבֻלוּן וּבְגֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל צָפ֛וֹנָה בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּנְעִיאֵ֑ל וְיָצָ֥א אֶל־כָּב֖וּל מִשְּׂמֹֽאל׃ | And it came back eastwards to Beth-Dagon, and it reached the territory of Zebulun and the Valley of Jiphtah-El to the north of Beth-Emek and Neiel, and it went out to Cabul on the left hand side, |
eastwards ← the rising of the sun.
Jiphtah-El: see Josh 19:14. |
| Josh 19:28 | וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה עַ֖ד צִיד֥וֹן רַבָּֽה׃ | and Ebron and Rehob and Hammon and Kanah, as far as Great Sidon. |
Ebron: AV= Hebron. Not the same Hebrew spelling as Hebron of Josh 20:7.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Josh 19:29 | וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה וְעַד־עִ֖יר מִבְצַר־צֹ֑ר וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ חֹסָ֔ה *ויהיו **וְהָי֧וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֛יו הַיָּ֖מָּה מֵחֶ֥בֶל אַכְזִֽיבָה׃ | And the border returned to Ramah and to the fortified city of Tyre, then the border returned to Hosah. And its limits to the west were from the region of Achzib. |
were: we take the ketiv as a vav conversive form.
Ramah ← the Ramah. Tyre ← Zor, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Josh 19:30 | וְעֻמָ֥ה וַאֲפֵ֖ק וּרְחֹ֑ב עָרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And Umah and Aphek and Rehob – twenty-two cities with their villages. | Umah ← 'Umah. AV= Ummah. |
| Josh 19:31 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:32 | לִבְנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֔י יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י לִבְנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | The sixth lot came out for the sons of Naphtali – for the sons of Naphtali according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:33 | וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מֵחֵ֨לֶף מֵֽאֵל֜וֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל עַד־לַקּ֑וּם וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And their border was from Heleph and from Elon at Zaanannim and Adami, Nekeb and Jabneel, up to Lakkum. And its limits were at the Jordan. |
Elon: AV= Allon.
Nekeb ← the Nekeb. Lakkum: AV= Lakum. were ← was. See Josh 17:9. |
| Josh 19:34 | וְשָׁ֨ב הַגְּב֥וּל יָ֙מָּה֙ אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר וְיָצָ֥א מִשָּׁ֖ם חוּקֹ֑קָה וּפָגַ֨ע בִּזְבֻל֜וּן מִנֶּ֗גֶב וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ פָּגַ֣ע מִיָּ֔ם וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And the border returned westwards to Aznoth-Tabor, and it went out from there to Hukok, and it adjoined the territory of Zebulun in the south, and it adjoined the territory of Asher in the west, and of Judah at the Jordan towards the east. |
Hukok: AV= Hukkok here, but Hukok in 1 Chr 6:60 (1 Chr 6:75AV).
east ← rising of the sun. |
| Josh 19:35 | וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃ | And it took in the fortified cities of Ziddim, Zer and Hammath, Rakkath and Kinnereth, |
Ziddim ← the Ziddim.
Hammath: distinguished from Hamath in [LWG]. Kinnereth: see Num 34:11. |
| Josh 19:36 | וַאֲדָמָ֥ה וְהָרָמָ֖ה וְחָצֽוֹר׃ | and Adamah and Ramah and Hazor, | Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Josh 19:37 | וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְעֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר׃ | and Kedesh and Edrei and En-Hazor, | |
| Josh 19:38 | וְיִרְאוֹן֙ וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ עָרִ֥ים תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Iron and Migdal-El, Horem and Beth-Anath and Beth-Shemesh – nineteen cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:39 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali according to their families – the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:40 | לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֥ל הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | The seventh lot came out for the tribe of the sons of Dan according to their families, | |
| Josh 19:41 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם צָרְעָ֥ה וְאֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְעִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | and the territory of their inheritance was Zorah and Eshtaol and Ir-Shemesh, |
territory ← border.
Zorah: as AV, correctly identifying the initial closed syllable and qamets hatuf. We could bring out the force of the pharyngeal, the ayin, with Zor'ah. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 19:42 | וְשַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְאַיָּל֖וֹן וְיִתְלָֽה׃ | and Shaalabbin and Aijalon and Jithlah, |
Aijalon: AV= Ajalon here and Josh 10:12; elsewhere Aijalon.
Jithlah: AV= Jethlah. |
| Josh 19:43 | וְאֵיל֥וֹן וְתִמְנָ֖תָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃ | and Elon and Timnah and Ekron, | Timnah: AV= Thimnathah, a lenited form (th for t), and it is apparently a locative form, but often used non-locatively. See Gen 38:12. |
| Josh 19:44 | וְאֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְגִבְּת֖וֹן וּבַעֲלָֽת׃ | and Eltekeh and Gibbethon and Baalath, | |
| Josh 19:45 | וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־רִמּֽוֹן׃ | and Jehud and Bene-Berak and Gath-Rimmon, | |
| Josh 19:46 | וּמֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְהָֽרַקּ֑וֹן עִֽם־הַגְּב֖וּל מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ׃ | and Me-Jarkon and Rakkon with the border opposite Japho. |
Me-Jarkon ← the Me-Jarkon.
Rakkon ← the Rakkon. |
| Josh 19:47 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א גְבוּל־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן מֵהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־דָ֠ן וַיִּלָּחֲמ֨וּ עִם־לֶ֜שֶׁם וַיִּלְכְּד֥וּ אוֹתָ֣הּ ׀ וַיַּכּ֧וּ אוֹתָ֣הּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב וַיִּֽרְשׁ֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ לְלֶ֙שֶׁם֙ דָּ֔ן כְּשֵׁ֖ם דָּ֥ן אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | And the border of the sons of Dan went out from them, and the sons of Dan went up and fought against Leshem and captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and they took possession of it and dwelt in it, and they called it Leshem Dan, after the name of Dan their father. |
from them: unclear, from these places? AV differs (too little) for them. Perhaps the sense is that some territory was temporarily lost.
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 19:48 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶֽעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:49 | וַיְכַלּ֥וּ לִנְחֹל־אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לִגְבֽוּלֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִיהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And they finished inheriting the land according to its borders, and the sons of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun in their midst. | |
| Josh 19:50 | עַל־פִּ֨י יְהוָ֜ה נָ֣תְנוּ ל֗וֹ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיִּבְנֶ֥ה אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃ | They gave him the city which he had asked for, according to the pronouncement of the Lord: Timnath-Serah on Mount Ephraim, and he built the city and dwelt in it. | pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 19:51 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַנְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ וִיהוֹשֻׁ֪עַ בִּן־נ֟וּן וְרָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֣וֹת לְמַטּוֹת֩ בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל ׀ בְּגוֹרָ֤ל ׀ בְּשִׁלֹה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיְכַלּ֕וּ מֵֽחַלֵּ֖ק אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | These were the inheritances which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun, and the chief men of the fathers caused the tribes of the sons of Israel to inherit by lot in Shiloh before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact, and they finished dividing the land. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
fathers caused the tribes ... to inherit: AV differs (fathers of the tribes etc.), also possible. Supporting our translation, נָחַל in qal and piel can have prepositional linkage with לְ [AnLx]. Josh 21:1 has different Hebrew linkage of these same words. |
| Josh 20:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Joshua and said, | |
| Josh 20:2 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר תְּנ֤וּ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַמִּקְלָ֔ט אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘Appoint for yourselves the cities of refuge, about which I have told you through the intermediacy of Moses, | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 20:3 | לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֙מָּה֙ רוֹצֵ֔חַ מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה בִּבְלִי־דָ֑עַת וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְמִקְלָ֔ט מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם׃ | so that a manslayer can flee there – one who strikes a person by accident, unintentionally – and they will be a refuge for you from the avenger of blood. |
person ← soul.
unintentionally ← not to know. |
| Josh 20:4 | וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת ׀ מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽיר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃ | And he will flee to one of these cities, and he will stand at the entrance of the gate of the city and relate his case in the audience of the elders of that city, and they will absorb him in the city with them, and they will give him a place, and he will dwell with them. | in the city ← to the city. |
| Josh 20:5 | וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹֽא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | And if the avenger of blood pursues him, they will not deliver the manslayer into his hand, because he struck his neighbour unintentionally not having hated him in the past. |
unintentionally: see Josh 20:3.
in the past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 20:6 | וְיָשַׁ֣ב ׀ בָּעִ֣יר הַהִ֗יא עַד־עָמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָֽעֵדָה֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם אָ֣ז ׀ יָשׁ֣וּב הָרוֹצֵ֗חַ וּבָ֤א אֶל־עִירוֹ֙ וְאֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ אֶל־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֥ס מִשָּֽׁם׃ | And he shall dwell in that city until he stands before the congregation in judgment, until the death of the high priest who is in office in those days. Then the manslayer will return and go to his city and to his house – to the city from which he fled.’ ” | |
| Josh 20:7 | וַיַּקְדִּ֜שׁוּ אֶת־קֶ֤דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִיל֙ בְּהַ֣ר נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְאֶת־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּהַ֥ר יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So they sanctified Kedesh in Galilee at Mount Naphtali, and Shechem at Mount Ephraim, and Kiriath-Arba – that is Hebron – at the mountain of Judah. |
sanctified: AV differs (appointed), losing the religious import.
Galilee ← Galil. Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 20:8 | וּמֵעֵ֜בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן יְרִיחוֹ֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה נָתְנ֞וּ אֶת־בֶּ֧צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֛ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֖ר מִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֑ן וְאֶת־רָאמֹ֤ת בַּגִּלְעָד֙ מִמַּטֵּה־גָ֔ד וְאֶת־*גלון **גּוֹלָ֥ן בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן מִמַּטֵּ֥ה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And across the Jordan east of Jericho they appointed Bezer in the desert, in the plains of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead, of the tribe of Gad, and {Q: Golan} [K: Galon] in Bashan of the tribe of Manasseh. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 20:9 | אֵ֣לֶּה הָיוּ֩ עָרֵ֨י הַמּֽוּעָדָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּר֙ הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֔ם לָנ֣וּס שָׁ֔מָּה כָּל־מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם עַד־עָמְד֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָֽה׃ פ | These were the cities appointed for all the sons of Israel and for the foreigner temporarily resident in their midst, for them to flee there – anyone striking a person accidentally – so that he does not die at the hand of the avenger of blood, up to when he stands before the congregation. |
anyone ← everyone.
person ← soul. |
| Josh 21:1 | וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֗וּ רָאשֵׁי֙ אֲב֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶל־אֶלְעָזָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וְאֶל־רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the paternal heads of the Levites approached Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun, and the paternal heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Josh 21:2 | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם בְּשִׁלֹ֗ה בְּאֶ֤רֶץ כְּנַ֙עַן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ עָרִ֖ים לָשָׁ֑בֶת וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֖ן לִבְהֶמְתֵּֽנוּ׃ | And they spoke to them in Shiloh in the land of Canaan, and they said, “The Lord gave commandment through the intermediacy of Moses to give us cities to inhabit with their pasture lands for our cattle.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 21:3 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל לַלְוִיִּ֛ם מִנַּחֲלָתָ֖ם אֶל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | So the sons of Israel gave the Levites their due from their own inheritance, according to the instruction of the Lord – these cities with their pasture lands. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Josh 21:4 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַגּוֹרָ֖ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֑י וַיְהִ֡י לִבְנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֣ה יְ֠הוּדָה וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה הַשִּׁמְעֹנִ֜י וּמִמַּטֵּ֤ה בִנְיָמִן֙ בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל עָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ ס | And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites, and the sons of Aaron the priest – members of the Levites – had from the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of the Simeonites and from the tribe of Benjamin, by lot, thirteen cities. | Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:5 | וְלִבְנֵ֨י קְהָ֜ת הַנּוֹתָרִ֗ים מִמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת מַטֵּֽה־אֶ֠פְרַיִם וּֽמִמַּטֵּה־דָ֞ן וּמֵחֲצִ֨י מַטֵּ֧ה מְנַשֶּׁ֛ה בַּגּוֹרָ֖ל עָרִ֥ים עָֽשֶׂר׃ ס | And to the sons of Kohath who remained were given – from the families of the tribe of Ephraim and from the tribe of Dan and from the half-tribe of Manasseh – ten cities by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:46 (1 Chr 6:61AV).
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:6 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת מַטֵּֽה־יִשָּׂשכָ֣ר וּמִמַּטֵּֽה־אָ֠שֵׁר וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה נַפְתָּלִ֜י וּ֠מֵחֲצִי מַטֵּ֨ה מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה בַבָּשָׁן֙ בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל עָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ ס | And to the sons of Gershon were given – from the families of the tribe of Issachar and from the tribe of Asher and from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan – thirteen cities by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:47 (1 Chr 6:62AV).
Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| Josh 21:7 | לִבְנֵ֨י מְרָרִ֜י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֨ה רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּמִמַּטֵּה־גָד֙ וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | To the sons of Merari, according to their families were given – from the tribe of Reuben and from the tribe of Gad and from the tribe of Zebulun – twelve cities. | || 1 Chr 6:48 (1 Chr 6:63AV). |
| Josh 21:8 | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶת־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בַּגּוֹרָֽל׃ פ | So the sons of Israel gave the Levites these cities with their pasture lands, as the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses, by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:49 (1 Chr 6:64AV).
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 21:9 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ מִמַּטֵּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמִמַּטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן אֵ֚ת הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥א אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשֵֽׁם׃ | And from the tribe of the sons of Judah and from the tribe of the sons of Simeon, they gave these cities which he specified by name. |
|| 1 Chr 6:50 (1 Chr 6:65AV).
specified ← called. |
| Josh 21:10 | וַֽיְהִי֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן מִמִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַקְּהָתִ֖י מִבְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֑י כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, of the sons of Levi, had what follows, because they had the first lot, |
|| 1 Chr 6:39 (1 Chr 6:54AV).
Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:11 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־קִרְיַת֩ אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽעֲנ֛וֹק הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּהַ֣ר יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖הָ סְבִיבֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | and they were given Kiriath-Arba (Arba being the father of Anak), that is Hebron, in the mountain range of Judah, and its pasture lands around it, |
|| 1 Chr 6:40 (1 Chr 6:55AV).
they were given ← they gave them. Avoidance of the passive. Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. Anak: MT= Anok here, elsewhere Anak, as some manuscripts here. |
| Josh 21:12 | וְאֶת־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־חֲצֵרֶ֑יהָ נָֽתְנ֛וּ לְכָלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה בַּאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ ס | but the fields of the city and its courtyards were given to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as his possession. |
|| 1 Chr 6:41 (1 Chr 6:56AV).
fields ← field; countryside. were given ← they gave them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Josh 21:13 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י ׀ אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן נָֽתְנוּ֙ אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־חֶבְר֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶת־לִבְנָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | So they gave the sons of Aaron the priest as a city of refuge for the manslayer Hebron and its pasture lands, and Libnah and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:42 (1 Chr 6:57AV). |
| Josh 21:14 | וְאֶת־יַתִּר֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and Jattir and its pasture lands, and Eshtemoa and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:42 (1 Chr 6:57AV). |
| Josh 21:15 | וְאֶת־חֹלֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־דְּבִ֖ר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and Holon and its pasture lands, and Debir and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:43 (1 Chr 6:58AV). |
| Josh 21:16 | וְאֶת־עַ֣יִן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֗הָ וְאֶת־יֻטָּה֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֣ים תֵּ֔שַׁע מֵאֵ֕ת שְׁנֵ֥י הַשְּׁבָטִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ פ | and Ain and its pasture lands, and Juttah and its pasture lands, and Beth-Shemesh and its pasture lands – nine cities from these two tribes. | || 1 Chr 6:44 (1 Chr 6:59AV). |
| Josh 21:17 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֶת־גִּבְע֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Benjamin: Gibeon and its pasture lands, Geba and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV).
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 21:18 | אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־עַלְמ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Anathoth and its pasture lands and Almon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV). |
| Josh 21:19 | כָּל־עָרֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ ס | All the cities of the sons of Aaron, the priests, came to thirteen cities with their pasture lands. | || 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV). |
| Josh 21:20 | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִבְּנֵ֣י קְהָ֑ת וַֽיְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔ם מִמַּטֵּ֖ה אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And the families of the sons of Kohath – the remaining Levites of Kohath's sons – had cities by their lot from the tribe of Ephraim. |
|| 1 Chr 6:51 (1 Chr 6:66AV).
Kohath (2x): see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:21 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־עִ֨יר מִקְלַ֧ט הָרֹצֵ֛חַ אֶת־שְׁכֶ֥ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖הָ בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־גֶּ֖זֶר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And they gave them as a city of refuge for the manslayer Shechem and its pasture lands at Mount Ephraim, and Gezer and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:52 (1 Chr 6:67AV), 1 Chr 7:28. |
| Josh 21:22 | וְאֶת־קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | and Kibzaim and its pasture lands, and Beth-Horon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:53 (1 Chr 6:68AV). |
| Josh 21:23 | וּמִמַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶֽת־גִּבְּת֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Dan: Eltekeh and its pasture lands, Gibbethon and its pasture lands, | Eltekeh ← Elteké here, Eltekeh in Josh 19:44. |
| Josh 21:24 | אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Aijalon and its pasture lands, and Gath-Rimmon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:54 (1 Chr 6:69AV). |
| Josh 21:25 | וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם׃ | And from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Taanach and its pasture lands, and Gath-Rimmon and its pasture lands – two cities. |
|| 1 Chr 6:55 (1 Chr 6:70AV).
Taanach: AV= Tanach here, but elsewhere Taanach. See Josh 12:21, Josh 17:11. |
| Josh 21:26 | כָּל־עָרִ֥ים עֶ֖שֶׂר וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת הַנּוֹתָרִֽים׃ ס | All these cities amount to ten, with their pasture lands, given to the families of the sons of Kohath who remained. |
|| 1 Chr 6:55 (1 Chr 6:70AV).
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:27 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁוֹן֮ מִמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַלְוִיִּם֒ מֵחֲצִ֞י מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־*גלון **גּוֹלָ֤ן בַּבָּשָׁן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם׃ ס | And to the sons of Gershon from the families of the Levites, they gave from the half-tribe of Manasseh, as a city of refuge for the manslayer, {Q: Golan} [K: Galon] in Bashan and its pasture lands, and Beeshterah and its pasture lands – two cities – | || 1 Chr 6:56 (1 Chr 6:71AV). |
| Josh 21:28 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and from the tribe of Issachar: Kishion and its pasture lands, Daberath and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:57 (1 Chr 6:72AV).
Kishion: AV= Kishon. The brook, Kishon, has a different Hebrew spelling. Daberath: AV= Dabareh. |
| Josh 21:29 | אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Jarmuth and its pasture lands, En-Gannim and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:58 (1 Chr 6:73AV). |
| Josh 21:30 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Asher: Mishal and its pasture lands, Abdon and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:59 (1 Chr 6:74AV). |
| Josh 21:31 | אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־רְחֹ֖ב וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Helkath and its pasture lands, and Rehob and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:60 (1 Chr 6:75AV). |
| Josh 21:32 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה נַפְתָּלִ֜י אֶת־עִ֣יר ׀ מִקְלַ֣ט הָֽרֹצֵ֗חַ אֶת־קֶ֨דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִ֤יל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֙הָ֙ וְאֶת־חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שָׁלֹֽשׁ׃ | And from the tribe of Naphtali, as a city of refuge for the manslayer: Kedesh in Galilee and its pasture lands, and Hammoth-Dor and its pasture lands, and Kartan and its pasture lands – three cities. |
|| 1 Chr 6:61 (1 Chr 6:76AV).
Galilee ← Galil. |
| Josh 21:33 | כָּל־עָרֵ֥י הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ ס | All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families amount to thirteen cities with their pasture lands. | |
| Josh 21:34 | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַלְוִיִּ֣ם הַנּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵאֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And to the families of the sons of Merari – the remaining Levites – they gave from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam and its pasture lands, Kartah and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:62 (1 Chr 6:77AV). |
| Josh 21:35 | אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Dimnah and its pasture lands, Nahalal and its pasture lands – four cities. | |
| Josh 21:36 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶת־יַ֖הְצָה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer and its pasture lands, and Jahzah and its pasture lands, |
Josh 21:36 and Josh 21:37 are absent in [WLC], but, [BHS-CA], present in many manuscripts.
|| 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). Jahzah: AV= Jahazah here. See Josh 13:8. |
| Josh 21:37 | אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־מֵיפָ֖עַת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Kedemoth and its pasture lands, and Mephaath and its pasture lands – four cities. |
Josh 21:36 and Josh 21:37 are absent in [WLC], but, [BHS-CA], present in many manuscripts.
|| 1 Chr 6:64 (1 Chr 6:79AV). |
| Josh 21:38 | וּמִמַּטֵּה־גָ֗ד אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת בַּגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶֽת־מַחֲנַ֖יִם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Gad, as a city of refuge for the manslayer: Ramoth in Gilead and its pasture lands, and Mahanaim and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:65 (1 Chr 6:80AV).
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 21:39 | אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ כָּל־עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Heshbon and its pasture lands, Jazer and its pasture lands – all the cities amount to four. |
|| 1 Chr 6:66 (1 Chr 6:81AV).
Jazer: see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, but in Num 21:32, Jaazer. |
| Josh 21:40 | כָּל־הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים לִבְנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַיְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | All the cities of the sons of Merari according to their families – those who remained from the families of the Levites – had as their lot twelve cities. | |
| Josh 21:41 | כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the sons of Israel amounted to forty-eight cities with their pasture lands. | possessions ← possession. |
| Josh 21:42 | תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה עִ֣יר עִ֔יר וּמִגְרָשֶׁ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָ כֵּ֖ן לְכָל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | These cities were city by city with their pasture lands around each – so it was for all these cities. | |
| Josh 21:43 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לָתֵ֣ת לַאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּרָשׁ֖וּהָ וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And the Lord gave Israel all the land about which he had sworn that he would give it to their fathers, and they took possession of it, and they dwelt in it. | |
| Josh 21:44 | וַיָּ֨נַח יְהוָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם׃ | And the Lord gave them rest round about, according to everything he had sworn to their fathers, and no man could stand before them from any of their enemies; the Lord delivered all their enemies into their hand. | any ← all. |
| Josh 21:45 | לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַכֹּ֖ל בָּֽא׃ פ | And not a word failed of all the good words which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel – it all came about. |
not a word failed (etc.): compare Josh 23:14 and 1 Ki 8:56.
failed ← fell. words ← word. |
| Josh 22:1 | אָ֚ז יִקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְלַגָּדִ֑י וְלַחֲצִ֖י מַטֵּ֥ה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | Then Joshua called for the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 22:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֣ם שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | and he said to them, “You have kept everything Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, and you have obeyed me in everything I have commanded you. | obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Josh 22:3 | לֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם זֶ֚ה יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֕ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֕רֶת מִצְוַ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You did not forsake your brothers during these many days up to this day, and you have kept the charge of the body of commandments of the Lord your God. | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Josh 22:4 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ לַֽאֲחֵיכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וְעַתָּ֡ה פְּנוּ֩ וּלְכ֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם מֹשֶׁה֙ עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And now the Lord your God has given your brothers rest, as he told them, and now, turn and get going to your tents and to the land of your possession which Moses the servant of the Lord has given you across the Jordan. | get going ← go for yourselves. Idiomatic. |
| Josh 22:5 | רַ֣ק ׀ שִׁמְר֣וּ מְאֹ֗ד לַעֲשׂ֨וֹת אֶת־הַמִּצְוָ֣ה וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֮ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָה֒ לְ֠אַהֲבָה אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֜ם וְלָלֶ֧כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֛יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתָ֖יו וּלְדָבְקָה־ב֑וֹ וּלְעָבְד֕וֹ בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ | But be very much on your guard to carry out the body of commandments and the law which Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you – to love the Lord your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cling to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.” | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Josh 22:6 | וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אֶל־אָהֳלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And Joshua blessed them and dismissed them, and they went to their tents. | |
| Josh 22:7 | וְלַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה נָתַ֣ן מֹשֶׁה֮ בַּבָּשָׁן֒ וּלְחֶצְי֗וֹ נָתַ֤ן יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ עִם־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם *מעבר **בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה וְ֠גַם כִּ֣י שִׁלְּחָ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיְבָרֲכֵֽם׃ | Now Moses had given an inheritance to half of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, and Joshua gave the other half of it an inheritance with their brothers, across the Jordan to the west. And also when Joshua sent them off to their tents, he blessed them. |
across: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 22:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בִּנְכָסִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים שׁ֤וּבוּ אֶל־אָֽהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וּבְמִקְנֶ֣ה רַב־מְאֹ֔ד בְּכֶ֨סֶף וּבְזָהָ֜ב וּבִנְחֹ֧שֶׁת וּבְבַרְזֶ֛ל וּבִשְׂלָמ֖וֹת הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד חִלְק֥וּ שְׁלַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם עִם־אֲחֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | And he spoke to them and said, “Return to your tents with great riches and very much cattle, with silver and gold and copper and iron and very many clothes. Divide the spoil of your enemies with your brothers.” | |
| Josh 22:9 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ וַיֵּלְכ֡וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה מֵאֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִשִּׁלֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־כְּנָ֑עַן לָלֶ֜כֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֗ד אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֹֽאחֲזוּ־בָ֔הּ עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | So the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh returned and departed from the sons of Israel, from Shiloh which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession which they became possessors of, according to the pronouncement of the Lord through the intermediacy of Moses. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. Also in the rest of this chapter.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead. pronouncement ← mouth. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 22:10 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־גְּלִיל֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיִּבְנ֣וּ בְנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִ֣י שֵׁבֶט֩ הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֨ה שָׁ֤ם מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מִזְבֵּ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל לְמַרְאֶֽה׃ | And they came to the regions of the Jordan which are in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh built an altar there – at the Jordan – an altar of grand appearance. | |
| Josh 22:11 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה בָנ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֶל־גְּלִילוֹת֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶל־עֵ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Israel heard it and said, “Look, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh have built an altar opposite the land of Canaan in the regions of the Jordan, opposite the sons of Israel.” | an altar ← the altar. |
| Josh 22:12 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּקָּ֨הֲל֜וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה לַעֲל֥וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לַצָּבָֽא׃ פ | And when the sons of Israel heard it, the whole congregation of the sons of Israel assembled at Shiloh to go up against them in battle. | |
| Josh 22:13 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֧ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֛ד וְאֶל־חֲצִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד אֶת־פִּינְחָ֖ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And the sons of Israel sent Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to half of the tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 22:14 | וַעֲשָׂרָ֤ה נְשִׂאִים֙ עִמּ֔וֹ נָשִׂ֨יא אֶחָ֜ד נָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָ֔ב לְכֹ֖ל מַטּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאִ֨ישׁ רֹ֧אשׁ בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָ֛ם הֵ֖מָּה לְאַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and ten leading people with him – one leading person individually per paternal house – for each of the tribes of Israel, and each was a head of their paternal house, which the thousands of Israel have. | each (first occurrence in verse) ← every. |
| Josh 22:15 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֧ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֛ד וְאֶל־חֲצִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אִתָּ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they came to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to half of the tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, and they spoke with them and said, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead. |
| Josh 22:16 | כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל ׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מָֽה־הַמַּ֤עַל הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מְעַלְתֶּם֙ בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָשׁ֣וּב הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה בִּבְנֽוֹתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לִמְרָדְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם בַּיהוָֽה׃ | “This is what the whole congregation of the Lord says: ‘What is this treacherous thing that you have treacherously done against the God of Israel, in turning away today from following the Lord, in building yourselves an altar – in rebelling today against the Lord? |
this is what ← thus.
in building ... in rebelling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:17 | הַמְעַט־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֙רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֥י הַנֶּ֖גֶף בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | Is the iniquity of Peor a small matter to us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves up to this day, when there was a plague in the congregation of the Lord? | |
| Josh 22:18 | וְאַתֶּם֙ תָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה אַתֶּ֞ם תִּמְרְד֤וּ הַיּוֹם֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּמָחָ֕ר אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִקְצֹֽף׃ | But you have turned away today from following the Lord, and it has come about that you are rebelling against the Lord today, and tomorrow he will become angry with the whole congregation of Israel. | |
| Josh 22:19 | וְאַ֨ךְ אִם־טְמֵאָ֜ה אֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֗ם עִבְר֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם אֶל־אֶ֨רֶץ אֲחֻזַּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁכַן־שָׁם֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה וְהֵאָחֲז֖וּ בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ וּבַֽיהוָ֣ה אַל־תִּמְרֹ֗דוּ וְאֹתָ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־תִּמְרֹ֔דוּ בִּבְנֹֽתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֔י מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And even if the land of your possession is unclean, do cross over to the land of the Lord's possession where the Lord's tabernacle dwells, and come into a possession in our midst, and do not rebel against the Lord, and do not rebel against us, by building yourselves an altar other than the altar to the Lord our God. |
do cross over ← cross over for yourselves.
by building ← by your building. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:20 | הֲל֣וֹא ׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֙עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם וְעַֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣יָה קָ֑צֶף וְהוּא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד לֹ֥א גָוַ֖ע בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ פ | Did not Achan the son of Zerah deal treacherously with an accursed thing, so that there was anger on the whole congregation of Israel? And he did not die in his iniquity on his own.’ ” |
son: here standing for great-grandson; see Josh 7:18.
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. on his own ← one man. |
| Josh 22:21 | וַֽיַּעֲנוּ֙ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֔ד וַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיְדַבְּר֔וּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֖י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh answered and said to the heads of thousands of Israel, | |
| Josh 22:22 | אֵל֩ ׀ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ יְהוָ֜ה אֵ֣ל ׀ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא יֹדֵ֔עַ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ה֣וּא יֵדָ֑ע אִם־בְּמֶ֤רֶד וְאִם־בְּמַ֙עַל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | “The Lord God of gods – the Lord God of gods – he knows, and he will know Israel, whether they are in rebellion or whether they are in treachery against the Lord (do not save us on this day) | |
| Josh 22:23 | לִבְנ֥וֹת לָ֙נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאִם־לְהַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜יו עוֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְאִם־לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | in building ourselves an altar, in turning away from following the Lord. And whether it was to offer on it a burnt offering and a meal-offering, or whether it was to sacrifice peace-offerings on it, the Lord will inquire, | in building ... in turning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:24 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א מִדְּאָגָה֙ מִדָּבָ֔ר עָשִׂ֥ינוּ אֶת־זֹ֖את לֵאמֹ֑ר מָחָ֗ר יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם לְבָנֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | or whether it is not out of concern, for a reason, that we made this thing and said, ‘In the future your sons will speak to our sons and say, «What is the connection between you and the Lord God of Israel? |
reason ← word, but also reason ([AnLx] V).
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:25 | וּגְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨נוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּבְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔ינוּ לְבִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | For the Lord has put a border between us and you, you sons of Reuben and you sons of Gad – the Jordan. You have no part in the Lord.» ’ So your sons will stop our sons from fearing the Lord. | from fearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:26 | וַנֹּ֕אמֶר נַעֲשֶׂה־נָּ֣א לָ֔נוּ לִבְנ֖וֹת אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ לֹ֥א לְעוֹלָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א לְזָֽבַח׃ | So we said, ‘Let us now undertake to build an altar, but not for a burnt offering and not for sacrifice. | an altar ← the altar. |
| Josh 22:27 | כִּי֩ עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֗ם וּבֵ֣ין דֹּרוֹתֵינוּ֮ אַחֲרֵינוּ֒ לַעֲבֹ֞ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ לְפָנָ֔יו בְּעֹלוֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּבִזְבָחֵ֖ינוּ וּבִשְׁלָמֵ֑ינוּ וְלֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְבָנֵ֔ינוּ אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּיהוָֽה׃ | For it is a testimony between us and you and our generations after us to carry out the Lord's service before him with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace-offerings, so that your sons will not say in the future to our sons, «You have no part in the Lord.» ’ |
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:28 | וַנֹּ֕אמֶר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛ינוּ וְאֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖ינוּ מָחָ֑ר וְאָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | So we said, ‘It will be the case that when they speak to us and to our generations in the future, that we will say, «See the edifice – an altar to the Lord – which our fathers made, not for a burnt offering and not for sacrifice, but it is a testimony between us and you.» ’ | in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:29 | חָלִילָה֩ לָּ֨נוּ מִמֶּ֜נּוּ לִמְרֹ֣ד בַּֽיהוָ֗ה וְלָשׁ֤וּב הַיּוֹם֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לִבְנ֣וֹת מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לְעֹלָ֖ה לְמִנְחָ֣ה וּלְזָ֑בַח מִלְּבַ֗ד מִזְבַּח֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י מִשְׁכָּנֽוֹ׃ פ | May it be far from us to rebel against the Lord, and to turn away today from following the Lord in building an altar for a burnt offering, for a meal-offering or for a sacrifice other than the altar to the Lord our God which is before his tabernacle.” |
may it be far from us ← profanity for us from us.
in building: gerundial use of the infinitive. or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Josh 22:30 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע פִּֽינְחָ֣ס הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וּנְשִׂיאֵ֨י הָעֵדָ֜ה וְרָאשֵׁ֨י אַלְפֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַ֨דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבְּר֛וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then Phinehas the priest and the leaders of the congregation and the heads of thousands of Israel who were with him heard the words which the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the sons of Manasseh said, and they were happy with it. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
they were happy with it ← it was good in their eyes. |
| Josh 22:31 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֡ן אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ יָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּֽי־בְתוֹכֵ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה הַמַּ֣עַל הַזֶּ֑ה אָ֗ז הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Manasseh, “Today we know that the Lord is in our midst, and that you have not committed such a treacherous act against the Lord. You have now delivered the sons of Israel from the hand of the Lord.” |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. committed such a treacherous act ← “treachered” this treachery. |
| Josh 22:32 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ וְהַנְּשִׂיאִ֡ים מֵאֵ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֩ וּמֵאֵ֨ת בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד מֵאֶ֧רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֛ד אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּשִׁ֥בוּ אוֹתָ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ | Then Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the leaders, came back from the sons of Reuben and from the sons of Gad, from the land of Gilead to the land of Canaan, to the sons of Israel, and they reported back to them. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 22:33 | וַיִּיטַ֣ב הַדָּבָ֗ר בְּעֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְבָרֲכ֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֣א אָמְר֗וּ לַעֲל֤וֹת עֲלֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְשַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד יֹשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ | And the sons of Israel were happy with the matter, and the sons of Israel blessed God, and they did not speak of going up against them in battle to ruin the land which the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad were living in. |
were happy with ← it was good in their eyes.
the sons of Israel blessed God: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Josh 22:34 | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כִּ֣י עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad called the altar Testimony, for it was a testimony between us, that the Lord is God. | Testimony: AV differs, transliterating (Ed). |
| Josh 23:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִיָּמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִכָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִ֑יב וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִֽים׃ | And it was the case after many days, after the Lord had given Israel rest from all their enemies round about, that Joshua had become old and advanced in years, | years ← days. |
| Josh 23:2 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְקֵנָיו֙ וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֲנִ֣י זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים׃ | and Joshua called all Israel – its elders and its heads and its judges and its officers – and he said to them, “I have become old; I am advanced in years, | years ← days. |
| Josh 23:3 | וְאַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם לְכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם׃ | and you have seen everything that the Lord your God has done to all these nations before you, for it is the Lord your God who fights for you. | |
| Josh 23:4 | רְאוּ֩ הִפַּ֨לְתִּי לָכֶ֜ם אֶֽת־הַ֠גּוֹיִם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן וְכָל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְרַ֔תִּי וְהַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | See how I have assigned these remaining nations to you as an inheritance to your tribes, from the Jordan, with all the nations which I cut off, with the Great Sea in the west. |
with (second occurrence in verse) ← and.
the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean. west ← setting of the sun. |
| Josh 23:5 | וַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם ה֚וּא יֶהְדֳּפֵ֣ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְהוֹרִ֥ישׁ אֹתָ֖ם מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּם֙ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ | And it is the Lord your God who drives them back at your presence and who dispossesses them in front of you, so that you inherit their land as the Lord your God has said to you. | so that: consecutive (result) or purposive use of the vav. |
| Josh 23:6 | וַחֲזַקְתֶּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד לִשְׁמֹ֣ר וְלַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַכָּת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ | So be of very good courage to keep and do everything that is written in the book of the law of Moses, so not to depart from it to the right or to the left, | |
| Josh 23:7 | לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אִתְּכֶ֑ם וּבְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ם לֹא־תַזְכִּ֙ירוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁבִּ֔יעוּ וְלֹ֣א תַעַבְד֔וּם וְלֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶֽם׃ | and not to go among these nations – these that remain with you – and you shall not mention the name of their gods, and you shall not adjure by them, and you shall not serve them, and you shall not worship them. | |
| Josh 23:8 | כִּ֛י אִם־בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But rather, cling to the Lord your God, as you have done so far. | so far ← up to this day. |
| Josh 23:9 | וַיּ֤וֹרֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם גּוֹיִ֖ם גְּדֹלִ֣ים וַעֲצוּמִ֑ים וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | For the Lord has dispossessed great and powerful nations before you, and as for you, no man has withstood you up to this day. | withstood ← stood at before you. |
| Josh 23:10 | אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד מִכֶּ֖ם יִרְדָּף־אָ֑לֶף כִּ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם ה֚וּא הַנִּלְחָ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ | One man from you will pursue a thousand, for it is the Lord your God who is fighting for you, as he has said to you. | |
| Josh 23:11 | וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֑ם לְאַהֲבָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | So be very much on your guard for your lives to love the Lord your God. | lives ← souls. |
| Josh 23:12 | כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־שׁ֣וֹב תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ וּדְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּיֶ֙תֶר֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהִֽתְחַתַּנְתֶּ֥ם בָּהֶ֛ם וּבָאתֶ֥ם בָּהֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם בָּכֶֽם׃ | For if you turn back at all and cling to the remnant of these nations – these that remain with you – and intermarry with them, and you go into them, and they into you, | you turn back at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 23:13 | יָד֙וֹעַ֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֜יף יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם לְהוֹרִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם לְפַ֣ח וּלְמוֹקֵ֗שׁ וּלְשֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּצִדֵּיכֶם֙ וְלִצְנִנִ֣ים בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֔ם עַד־אֲבָדְכֶ֗ם מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֤ה הַטּוֹבָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | then know for certain that the Lord your God will not continue to dispossess these nations before you, and that they will be a trap and a snare and a scourge to you in your sides, and as thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land which the Lord your God has given you. | know for certain: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 23:14 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֣ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הַטּוֹבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכֹּל֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָכֶ֔ם לֹֽא־נָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ | And look, I am going the way of the whole of the earth today, but you have known with all your heart and with all your soul that not one word has failed from all the good words which the Lord your God has spoken concerning you – everything has come about for you; not one word of it has failed, |
going the way of the whole of the earth: i.e. dying.
not one word has failed (etc.): compare Josh 21:45 and 1 Ki 8:56. |
| Josh 23:15 | וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤א עֲלֵיכֶם֙ כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כֵּן֩ יָבִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הָרָ֔ע עַד־הַשְׁמִיד֣וֹ אוֹתְכֶ֗ם מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֤ה הַטּוֹבָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | and it will come to pass, that just as every good word that the Lord your God spoke to you has come about with you, so shall the Lord bring upon you every bad word until he has destroyed you in this good land which the Lord your God has given you, | in this good land ← from this good ground. |
| Josh 23:16 | בְּ֠עָבְרְכֶם אֶת־בְּרִ֨ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֒ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֔ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃ פ | in your transgression of the covenant of the Lord your God, which he commanded you, if you depart and serve other gods and bow down to them, so that the Lord's anger is kindled against you, and you quickly perish from the good land which he has given you.” |
if: conditional use of the vav.
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:1 | וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּלְרָאשָׁ֗יו וּלְשֹֽׁפְטָיו֙ וּלְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Then Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel in Shechem, and he called for the elders of Israel and for its heads and for its judges and for its officers, and they stood before God. |
in Shechem ← to Shechem.
stood ← set themselves. |
| Josh 24:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And Joshua said to all the people, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Your fathers dwelt across the river in time past – Terah the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor – and they served other gods, |
this is what ← thus.
the river: i.e. the Euphrates [CB]. in time past ← from an age. Nahor: AV= Nachor, distinguishing him from ↴ |
| Josh 24:3 | וָ֠אֶקַּח אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֤ם אֶת־אַבְרָהָם֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אוֹת֖וֹ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן *וארב **וָאַרְבֶּה֙ אֶת־זַרְע֔וֹ וָֽאֶתֶּן־ל֖וֹ אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃ | but I took your father Abraham from the far side of the river, and I led him through all the land of Canaan, and I multiplied his seed, and I gave him Isaac. |
↳ Terah's father here, but no distinction in Gen 11:24, Gen 11:27. MT= נָחוֹר everywhere.
I multiplied: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré, with no difference in meaning. |
| Josh 24:4 | וָאֶתֵּ֣ן לְיִצְחָ֔ק אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֑ו וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לְעֵשָׂ֜ו אֶת־הַ֤ר שֵׂעִיר֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אוֹת֔וֹ וְיַעֲקֹ֥ב וּבָנָ֖יו יָרְד֥וּ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau, and to Esau I gave Mount Seir to possess, while Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt. | |
| Josh 24:5 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֞ח אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וָאֶגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחַ֖ר הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt with what I did in their midst, and afterwards I brought you out. | with ← (according) as. |
| Josh 24:6 | וָֽאוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַתָּבֹ֖אוּ הַיָּ֑מָּה וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵ֧י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם בְּרֶ֥כֶב וּבְפָרָשִׁ֖ים יַם־סֽוּף׃ | And I brought your fathers out of Egypt, and you came to the sea, whereupon Egypt pursued your fathers with chariots and horsemen at the Red Sea. | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:7 | וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | And they cried out to the Lord, and he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and he brought the sea over them, and it covered them, and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt, and you dwelt in the desert for many days. | |
| Josh 24:8 | *ואבאה **וָאָבִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם וָאֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤ם בְּיֶדְכֶם֙ וַתִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I brought you to the land of the Amorite who dwelt across the Jordan, and they fought you, and I delivered them into your hand, and you took possession of their land, and I destroyed them before you. |
I brought: the ketiv is a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré, and it also has a paragogic hé.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:9 | וַיָּ֨קָם בָּלָ֤ק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א לְבִלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר לְקַלֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Then Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab, rose up and fought against Israel, and he sent men and called for Balaam the son of Beor to curse you. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Josh 24:10 | וְלֹ֥א אָבִ֖יתִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ לְבִלְעָ֑ם וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ בָּרוֹךְ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וָאַצִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | But I was not willing to hear Balaam, and he thoroughly blessed you, and I delivered you out of his hand. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
he thoroughly blessed: with an infinitive absolute, with mixed stem-formations (qal and piel). |
| Josh 24:11 | וַתַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ וַתָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־יְרִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ בָכֶ֣ם בַּעֲלֵֽי־יְ֠רִיחוֹ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֨י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְהַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י הַֽחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | Then you crossed the Jordan and went to Jericho, and the lords of Jericho fought against you – the Amorites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Hivites and the Jebusites – and I delivered them into your hand. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:12 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ׃ | And I sent out wasps before you, and they drove them out before you – two kings of the Amorites – not by your sword and not by your bow. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:13 | וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹכְלִֽים׃ | And I gave you land which you did not toil on, and cities which you did not build, and you dwell in them, and you are eating from vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant.’ | |
| Josh 24:14 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּתָמִ֣ים וּבֶֽאֱמֶ֑ת וְהָסִ֣ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ עָבְד֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַנָּהָר֙ וּבְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְעִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | So now, fear the Lord and serve him in sincerity and in truth, and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the river, and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. | |
| Josh 24:15 | וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־מִ֣י תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ *בעבר **מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And if it is bad in your sight to serve the Lord, choose for yourselves today whom you will serve, whether the gods which your fathers served, which were on the other side of the river, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are dwelling, but as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.” |
on the other side of: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
the river: i.e. the Euphrates, as in Josh 24:2. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:16 | וַיַּ֤עַן הָעָם֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֔נוּ מֵעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And the people answered and said, “Far be it from us to forsake the Lord, to serve other gods. | |
| Josh 24:17 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוּא֩ הַמַּעֲלֶ֨ה אֹתָ֧נוּ וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛ינוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָׂ֣ה לְעֵינֵ֗ינוּ אֶת־הָאֹת֤וֹת הַגְּדֹלוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַֽיִּשְׁמְרֵ֗נוּ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣כְנוּ בָ֔הּ וּבְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ | For the Lord is our God, who brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from a house of slavery, and who performed in our sight these great signs, and who guarded us along all the way we went, and among all the various peoples through whose midst we crossed. | slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Josh 24:18 | וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס | And the Lord drove out all the nations before us, including the Amorites inhabiting the land, so we in turn will serve the Lord, for he is our God.” |
including ← and.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. in turn ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Josh 24:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם לֹ֤א תֽוּכְלוּ֙ לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים קְדֹשִׁ֖ים ה֑וּא אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא לֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֥א לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם וּלְחַטֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to the people, “You are not able to serve the Lord, for he is a holy God, and he is a jealous God; he will not endure your transgressions or your sins. |
holy God: a rare case of an adjective agreeing with Elohim (God) and taking a plural ending. See note on Gen 1:1. The appositional expressions following are all singular.
transgressions ← transgression. or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:20 | כִּ֤י תַֽעַזְבוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וְשָׁ֨ב וְהֵרַ֤ע לָכֶם֙ וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲשֶׁר־הֵיטִ֥יב לָכֶֽם׃ | If you forsake the Lord and serve strange gods, he will turn and do you harm and make an end of you, after doing you good.” | strange gods ← gods of strangeness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 24:21 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ לֹ֕א כִּ֥י אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲבֹֽד׃ | Then the people said to Joshua, “Not that, for we will serve the Lord.” | |
| Josh 24:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים׃ | Then Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses to yourselves, for you have chosen the Lord, to serve him.” And they said, “We are witnesses.” | chosen ← chosen for yourselves. |
| Josh 24:23 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הָסִ֛ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַנֵּכָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Joshua said, “And now, put away the strange gods which are in your midst, and extend your heart to the Lord God of Israel.” | strange gods ← gods of strangeness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 24:24 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֔ד וּבְקוֹל֖וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע׃ | And the people said to Joshua, “We will serve the Lord our God, and we will obey him.” | obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Josh 24:25 | וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בְּרִ֛ית לָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua made a covenant with the people on that day, and he set up for them a statute and a judicial system in Shechem. | |
| Josh 24:26 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֤ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם תַּ֚חַת הָֽאַלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and he took a large stone, and he set it up there under the oak tree at the sanctuary of the Lord. | |
| Josh 24:27 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם הִנֵּ֨ה הָאֶ֤בֶן הַזֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣נוּ לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָכֶם֙ לְעֵדָ֔ה פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּן בֵּאלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of the Lord which he spoke with us, and it will be a witness to you, lest you deny your God.” | |
| Josh 24:28 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Joshua sent the people away – each one to his inheritance. | || Judg 2:6. |
| Josh 24:29 | וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | And it came to pass after these things that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, aged one hundred and ten years. | || Judg 2:8. |
| Josh 24:30 | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ׃ | And they buried him in the territory of his inheritance at Timnath-Serah, which is at Mount Ephraim, to the north of Mount Gaash. |
|| Judg 2:9.
territory ← border. |
| Josh 24:31 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua and who knew all the work of the Lord which he had done for Israel. |
|| Judg 2:7.
outlived ← prolonged days after. |
| Josh 24:32 | וְאֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף אֲשֶׁר־הֶעֱל֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל ׀ מִמִּצְרַיִם֮ קָבְר֣וּ בִשְׁכֶם֒ בְּחֶלְקַ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָנָ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב מֵאֵ֛ת בְּנֵֽי־חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ | And they buried Joseph's bones, which the sons of Israel had brought up from Egypt, in Shechem, in the parcel of land which Jacob had bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred kesitahs, and they became an inheritance of the sons of Joseph. |
land ← field.
kesitahs: see Gen 33:19. |
| Josh 24:33 | וְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵ֑ת וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּגִבְעַת֙ פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בְּנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּן־ל֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him at the hill of Phinehas his son which had been given to him at Mount Ephraim. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| Judg 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֧נוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass after the death of Joshua that the sons of Israel inquired of the Lord and said, “Who will go up for us against the Canaanite first, to fight against them?” |
inquired of the Lord ← asked at the Lord.
the Canaanite: i.e. the Canaanites. Collective usage. |
| Judg 1:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה יַעֲלֶ֑ה הִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said, “Judah will go up. Behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.” | |
| Judg 1:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְשִׁמְע֨וֹן אָחִ֜יו עֲלֵ֧ה אִתִּ֣י בְגוֹרָלִ֗י וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה֙ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י גַם־אֲנִ֛י אִתְּךָ֖ בְּגוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | Then Judah said to Simeon his brother, “Go up with me into my lot, and we will fight against the Canaanite, and I in turn will go with you into your lot.” And Simeon went with him. |
Judah ... Simeon: i.e. the tribe of Judah ... the tribe of Simeon. Collective usage.
in turn ← also, but the sense can be wider. |
| Judg 1:4 | וַיַּ֣עַל יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֖י בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיַּכּ֣וּם בְּבֶ֔זֶק עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ | So Judah went up, and the Lord delivered the Canaanite and the Perizzite into their hand, and they struck them down in Bezek – ten thousand men. | |
| Judg 1:5 | וַֽ֠יִּמְצְאוּ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֥י בֶ֙זֶק֙ בְּבֶ֔זֶק וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בּ֑וֹ וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּֽי׃ | And they found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek, and they fought against him, and they struck the Canaanites and the Perizzites down. | |
| Judg 1:6 | וַיָּ֙נָס֙ אֲדֹ֣נִי בֶ֔זֶק וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרָ֑יו וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וַֽיְקַצְּצ֔וּ אֶת־בְּהֹנ֥וֹת יָדָ֖יו וְרַגְלָֽיו׃ | And Adoni-Bezek fled, but they pursued him and captured him, and they cut off his thumbs and big toes. | |
| Judg 1:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹֽנִי־בֶ֗זֶק שִׁבְעִ֣ים ׀ מְלָכִ֡ים בְּֽהֹנוֹת֩ יְדֵיהֶ֨ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֜ם מְקֻצָּצִ֗ים הָי֤וּ מְלַקְּטִים֙ תַּ֣חַת שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי כֵּ֥ן שִׁלַּם־לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיְבִיאֻ֥הוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ פ | And Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings have had their thumbs and their big toes cut off, and they have picked up the pieces under my table. As I did, so God has requited me.” And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there. | |
| Judg 1:8 | וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the sons of Judah fought in Jerusalem and captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and they set the city on fire. | |
| Judg 1:9 | וְאַחַ֗ר יָֽרְדוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָהָ֔ר וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃ | And afterwards the sons of Judah came down to fight the Canaanite, who inhabited the mountain range, and the south, and the lowland. | |
| Judg 1:10 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן וְשֵׁם־חֶבְר֥וֹן לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֑ע וַיַּכּ֛וּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֥י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַ֖ן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי׃ | And Judah went against the Canaanite who was living in Hebron (now the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath-Arba) and they struck down Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai. |
Judah ... they ← Judah ... he, i.e. the tribe of Judah. Collective usage.
Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Judg 1:11 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּבִ֑יר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | Then he went from there to the inhabitants of Debir. Now the name of Debir was previously Kiriath-Sepher. |
|| Josh 15:15.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Judg 1:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר כָּלֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֥ה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר וּלְכָדָ֑הּ וְנָתַ֥תִּי ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-Sepher and captures it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as a wife.” |
|| Josh 15:16.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Judg 1:13 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז אֲחִ֥י כָלֵ֖ב הַקָּטֹ֣ן מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, captured it, and he gave him Achsah his daughter as a wife. |
|| Josh 15:17, 1 Chr 4:13.
younger brother ← brother younger than he. |
| Judg 1:14 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ וַתְּסִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַתִּצְנַ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ כָּלֵ֖ב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she persuaded him to ask for a field from her father. So she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What is the matter?” |
|| Josh 15:18.
she persuaded him to ask: in view of the next verse, this may seem to be the wrong way round, and LXX reads he persuaded her, but read it as she persuaded him (that she should) ask. what is the matter? ← what to you. |
| Judg 1:15 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ הָֽבָה־לִּ֣י בְרָכָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ נְתַתָּ֔נִי וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֣הּ כָּלֵ֗ב אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּ֔ית וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּֽית׃ פ | And she said to him, “Give me a blessing, for you have given me the land of the south, so give me springs of water.” Then Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs. | || Josh 15:19. |
| Judg 1:16 | וּבְנֵ֣י קֵינִי֩ חֹתֵ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה עָל֨וּ מֵעִ֤יר הַתְּמָרִים֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְבַּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּנֶ֣גֶב עֲרָ֑ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And the sons of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up from the City of Palm Trees with the sons of Judah to the Judaean Desert which is in the south of Arad, and they departed and dwelt with the people. | City of Palm Trees: i.e. Jericho. See Deut 34:3, 2 Chr 28:15. |
| Judg 1:17 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־שִׁמְע֣וֹן אָחִ֔יו וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב צְפַ֑ת וַיַּחֲרִ֣ימוּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר חָרְמָֽה׃ | Then Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanite who dwelt in Zephath, which they obliterated, and they called the city Hormah. | |
| Judg 1:18 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עַזָּ֣ה וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָ֔הּ וְאֶֽת־אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָ֑הּ וְאֶת־עֶקְר֖וֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָֽהּ׃ | And Judah captured Gaza and its territory, and Ashkelon and its territory and Ekron and its territory. |
territory (3x) ← border.
Ashkelon: AV= Askelon. |
| Judg 1:19 | וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord was with Judah, and he gained possession of the mountain, but he could not dispossess the inhabitants of the valley, because they had iron chariots. | |
| Judg 1:20 | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לְכָלֵב֙ אֶת־חֶבְר֔וֹן כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶת־שְׁלֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י הָעֲנָֽק׃ | And they gave Caleb Hebron, as Moses had said, and they dispossessed the three sons of Anak of that place. |
|| Josh 15:13, Josh 15:14.
of that place ← of there. |
| Judg 1:21 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹ֥א הוֹרִ֖ישׁוּ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַיְבוּסִ֜י אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | But the sons of Benjamin did not dispossess the Jebusite – the inhabitant of Jerusalem – and the Jebusite has been dwelling with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem up to this day. | || Josh 15:63. |
| Judg 1:22 | וַיַּעֲל֧וּ בֵית־יוֹסֵ֛ף גַּם־הֵ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמָּֽם׃ | And the house of Joseph also went up against Beth-El, and the Lord was with them. | |
| Judg 1:23 | וַיָּתִ֥ירוּ בֵית־יוֹסֵ֖ף בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וְשֵׁם־הָעִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים לֽוּז׃ | And the house of Joseph spied out Beth-El. Now the name of the city was previously Luz. | |
| Judg 1:24 | וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃ | And the observers saw a man coming out of the city, and they said to him, “Please show us the entrance to the city, and we will deal with you graciously.” | |
| Judg 1:25 | וַיַּרְאֵם֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃ | And he showed them the entrance to the city, whereupon they struck the city with the edge of the sword, but they let the man and all his family go. | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Judg 1:26 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֶ֖רֶץ הַחִתִּ֑ים וַיִּ֣בֶן עִ֗יר וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ ל֔וּז ה֣וּא שְׁמָ֔הּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | Then the man went to the land of the Hittites, and he built a city, and he called it Luz – that is its name up to this day. | |
| Judg 1:27 | וְלֹא־הוֹרִ֣ישׁ מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ֮ וְאֶת־תַּעְנַ֣ךְ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ֒ וְאֶת־*ישב **יֹשְׁבֵ֨י ד֜וֹר וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יִבְלְעָם֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י מְגִדּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיּ֙וֹאֶל֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And Manasseh did not dispossess Beth-Shean and its satellites, or Taanach and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Dor and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its satellites. And the Canaanites resolved to dwell in this land. |
inhabitants: the ketiv reads inhabitant (collective usage).
|| Josh 17:11, Josh 17:12, 1 Chr 7:29. satellites (5x) ← daughters. Taanach: see Josh 17:11. resolved: see Josh 17:12. |
| Judg 1:28 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּֽי־חָזַ֣ק יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י לָמַ֑ס וְהוֹרֵ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And it came about that, when Israel became strong, they put the Canaanite under tribute, but they did not dispossess them at all. |
|| Josh 17:13.
did not dispossess them at all: or did not completely dispossess them, as AV's sense. So AV differs. Infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 1:29 | וְאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ בְּגָֽזֶר׃ פ | And Ephraim did not dispossess the Canaanite who was living in Gezer, and the Canaanite dwelt in their midst in Gezer. | || Josh 16:10. |
| Judg 1:30 | זְבוּלֻ֗ן לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י קִטְר֔וֹן וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י נַהֲלֹ֑ל וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ לָמַֽס׃ ס | Zebulun did not dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalal, and the Canaanite dwelt in their midst, and they came under tribute. |
Nahalal ← Nahalol, as AV here, a pausal form, but Nahalal in Josh 19:15, Josh 21:35. The same consonantal spelling throughout. So AV differs.
came ← became. |
| Judg 1:31 | אָשֵׁ֗ר לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י עַכּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָ֤ב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֔ה וְאֶת־אֲפִ֖יק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב׃ | Asher did not dispossess the inhabitants of Akko or the inhabitants of Sidon, or of Ahlab or of Achzib or of Helbah, or of Aphik or of Rehob. |
Akko: AV= Accho, now also known as Acre or Acco.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Judg 1:32 | וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ הָאָ֣שֵׁרִ֔י בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֖י לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites – inhabitants of the land – because they did not dispossess them. | |
| Judg 1:33 | נַפְתָּלִ֗י לֹֽא־הוֹרִ֞ישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בֵית־עֲנָ֔ת וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וּבֵ֣ית עֲנָ֔ת הָי֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם לָמַֽס׃ ס | Naphtali did not dispossess the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh or the inhabitants of Beth-Anath, and they dwelt among the Canaanites – inhabitants of the land – but the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh and Beth-Anath came under tribute to them. | came ← became. |
| Judg 1:34 | וַיִּלְחֲצ֧וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֛י אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן הָהָ֑רָה כִּי־לֹ֥א נְתָנ֖וֹ לָרֶ֥דֶת לָעֵֽמֶק׃ | And the Amorites squeezed the sons of Dan into the mountain range, for they did not let them come down into the valley. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 1:35 | וַיּ֤וֹאֶל הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּהַר־חֶ֔רֶס בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֑ים וַתִּכְבַּד֙ יַ֣ד בֵּית־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָמַֽס׃ | And the Amorites resolved to dwell on Mount Heres, in Aijalon and in Shaalbim, but the power of the house of Joseph was greater, and they came under tribute. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
power ← hand. came ← became. |
| Judg 1:36 | וּגְבוּל֙ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י מִֽמַּעֲלֵ֖ה עַקְרַבִּ֑ים מֵהַסֶּ֖לַע וָמָֽעְלָה׃ פ | And the border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from the rock and above. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 2:1 | וַיַּ֧עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֛ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל אֶל־הַבֹּכִ֑ים פ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אַעֲלֶ֨ה אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ לַאֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹֽא־אָפֵ֧ר בְּרִיתִ֛י אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | Then the angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said, “I am bringing you up from Egypt, and I have brought you to the land about which I swore to your fathers, for I said, ‘I shall never break my covenant with you. |
the angel of the Lord: AV differs (an angel of the LORD) but the phrase is made grammatically definite by the proper noun for the Lord.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. and said: repeating the ↴ never ← not ... to the age. |
| Judg 2:2 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹֽא־תִכְרְת֤וּ בְרִית֙ לְיֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּתֹּצ֑וּן וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם בְּקֹלִ֖י מַה־זֹּ֥את עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | And you shall not make a covenant with the inhabitants of this land. You will demolish their altars.’ But you have not obeyed me. What is this you have done? |
↳ words of Gen 46:4, Ex 3:17 etc. for effect. AV differs, with the direct speech in the past tense (I made you go up etc.), losing the effect.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Judg 2:3 | וְגַ֣ם אָמַ֔רְתִּי לֹֽא־אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים וֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ | So I also said, ‘I shall not drive them out before you, and they will be snares to you, and their gods will be a trap to you.’ ” | snares: see [BDB] (root צדד, p.841). Snares is supported by a cognate Assyrian root, but [BDB] probably reads the context as Num 33:55, as does AV (as thorns) in your sides. ↴ |
| Judg 2:4 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּדַבֵּ֞ר מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃ | And it came about, as the angel of the Lord spoke these words to all the sons of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice and wept. | ↳ So AV differs. [YLT]'s and [AnLx]'s adversaries read as if a resh for a daleth. |
| Judg 2:5 | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֹּכִ֑ים וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And they called that place Bochim, and they made a sacrifice there to the Lord. | |
| Judg 2:6 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לְנַחֲלָת֖וֹ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then Joshua dismissed the people, and the sons of Israel each went to their inheritance to take possession of the land. | || Josh 24:28. |
| Judg 2:7 | וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ הָעָם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשׁ֔וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָא֗וּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of the Lord which he had done for Israel. |
|| Josh 24:31.
outlived ← prolonged days after. |
| Judg 2:8 | וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, aged one hundred and ten years. | || Josh 24:29. |
| Judg 2:9 | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־חֶ֖רֶס בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ׃ | And they buried him in the territory of his inheritance, in Timnath-Heres at Mount Ephraim to the north of Mount Gaash. |
|| Josh 24:30.
territory ← border. |
| Judg 2:10 | וְגַם֙ כָּל־הַדּ֣וֹר הַה֔וּא נֶאֶסְפ֖וּ אֶל־אֲבוֹתָ֑יו וַיָּקָם֩ דּ֨וֹר אַחֵ֜ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַם֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And also all that generation were gathered to their fathers, and another generation arose after them, who had not known the Lord, nor the work that he had done for Israel either. | their fathers ← its fathers, referring to generation. |
| Judg 2:11 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | And the sons of Israel did wrong in the sight of the Lord, and they served the Baalim. | |
| Judg 2:12 | וַיַּעַזְב֞וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֗ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים מֵאֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיַּכְעִ֖סוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And they forsook the Lord God of their fathers who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and they followed other gods, from the gods of the various peoples which were around them, and they bowed down to them, and they provoked the Lord to anger. | |
| Judg 2:13 | וַיַּעַזְב֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ לַבַּ֖עַל וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃ | And they forsook the Lord, and they served Baal and images of Astarte. | images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| Judg 2:14 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֽוֹיְבֵיהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ ע֔וֹד לַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of plunderers, and they plundered them, and he sold them into the hand of their enemies round about, and they could no longer stand against their enemies. | |
| Judg 2:15 | בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָצְא֗וּ יַד־יְהוָה֙ הָיְתָה־בָּ֣ם לְרָעָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֥צֶר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | Everywhere they went, the hand of the Lord was against them, to their detriment, as the Lord had said, and as the Lord had sworn to them, and they were greatly straitened. | went ← went out into. |
| Judg 2:16 | וַיָּ֥קֶם יְהוָ֖ה שֹֽׁפְטִ֑ים וַיּ֣וֹשִׁיע֔וּם מִיַּ֖ד שֹׁסֵיהֶֽם׃ | But the Lord raised up judges, who saved them from those who were plundering them. | |
| Judg 2:17 | וְגַ֤ם אֶל־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ כִּ֣י זָנ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֜רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָלְכ֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹא־עָ֥שׂוּ כֵֽן׃ | But they did not obey their judges either, for they played the harlot with other gods, and they bowed down to them, and they quickly departed from the way their fathers had gone, in that those obeyed the Lord's commandments, but these did not do so. |
obey ← hear.
in that those obeyed ← to hear. these ← they. |
| Judg 2:18 | וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when the Lord raised up judges to them, the Lord was with the judge, and he saved them from the hands of their enemies all the days of the judge, because the Lord had pity, because of their lamentation on account of those who oppressed them and those who tyrannized them. | |
| Judg 2:19 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּמ֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפֵ֗ט יָשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וְהִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ מֵֽאֲבוֹתָ֔ם לָלֶ֗כֶת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְעָבְדָ֖ם וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א הִפִּ֙ילוּ֙ מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִדַּרְכָּ֖ם הַקָּשָֽׁה׃ | And it would come to pass at the death of the judge, that they would revert and corruptly deviate from the way of their fathers, in following other gods, in serving them and in bowing down to them. They did not desist from their deeds or their stubborn way, |
from the way of their fathers: AV differs (more than their fathers), also possible, but in Judg 2:17 and Judg 2:22, the fathers are shown in a good light.
in following ... in serving ... in bowing down: gerundial use of the infinitive. stubborn ← hard, unyielding, ↴ |
| Judg 2:20 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֜וּ הַגּ֣וֹי הַזֶּ֗ה אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ לְקוֹלִֽי׃ | so the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he said, “Since this people has transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and they have not obeyed me, |
↳ grievous. With neck the words mean stiff-necked, i.e. stubborn.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Judg 2:21 | גַּם־אֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אוֹסִ֔יף לְהוֹרִ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־עָזַ֥ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | I in turn will not continue to dispossess anyone before them, from the nations which Joshua left when he died, |
in turn ← also, but with wider scope.
when: wider use of the vav. |
| Judg 2:22 | לְמַ֛עַן נַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲשֹׁמְרִ֣ים הֵם֩ אֶת־דֶּ֨רֶךְ יְהוָ֜ה לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁמְר֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אִם־לֹֽא׃ | in order to test Israel through them, as to whether they are keeping the way of the Lord, by walking in these ways as their fathers kept them, or not.” | by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 2:23 | וַיַּנַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְבִלְתִּ֥י הוֹרִישָׁ֖ם מַהֵ֑ר וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם בְּיַד־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ פ | For the Lord had left those nations alone, not quickly dispossessing them. And he had not delivered them into Joshua's hand. | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 3:1 | וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And these are the nations which the Lord left alone, in order to test Israel through them – all those who did not know all the wars of Canaan – | |
| Judg 3:2 | רַ֗ק לְמַ֙עַן֙ דַּ֚עַת דֹּר֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְלַמְּדָ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה רַ֥ק אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנִ֖ים לֹ֥א יְדָעֽוּם׃ | but in order for the generations of the sons of Israel to know – to teach them war – just those who had not known them previously, they are: | them: i.e. the adversaries in past wars. |
| Judg 3:3 | חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַצִּ֣ידֹנִ֔י וְהַ֣חִוִּ֔י יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַ֣ר הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן מֵהַר֙ בַּ֣עַל חֶרְמ֔וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת׃ | five barons of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites and the Sidonians and the Hivites who lived at the mountain range of Lebanon, from Mount Baal-Hermon to the approach to Hamath. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. AV= Sidonians, but often Zidonians in this book. |
| Judg 3:4 | וַֽיִּהְי֕וּ לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָדַ֗עַת הֲיִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Now they were to test Israel, by means of them, so as to know whether they would obey the Lord's commandments which he commanded their fathers through the intermediacy of Moses. |
obey ← hear.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 3:5 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יָשְׁב֖וּ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And the sons of Israel dwelt in the midst of the Canaanites, the Hittites and the Amorites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 3:6 | וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם לָהֶם֙ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָתְנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And they took their daughters for themselves as wives, and they gave their daughters to their sons, and they served their gods. | |
| Judg 3:7 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרֽוֹת׃ | And the sons of Israel did wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and they forgot the Lord their God, and they served the Baalim and the phallic parks. | |
| Judg 3:8 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם בְּיַד֙ כּוּשַׁ֣ן רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם מֶ֖לֶךְ אֲרַ֣ם נַהֲרָ֑יִם וַיַּעַבְד֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushan-Rishathaim king of Aramaea of Mesopotamia, and the sons of Israel served Chushan-Rishathaim for eight years. | eight years: part of the missing 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi (not my people), explaining the apparent discrepancy between 1 Ki 6:1 (480 years) and Acts 13:17-21 + 2 Sam 5:4 (573 years) for the same period. The missing 93 years are accounted ↴ |
| Judg 3:9 | וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֥ה מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיּֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֑ם אֵ֚ת עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז אֲחִ֥י כָלֵ֖ב הַקָּטֹ֥ן מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, and the Lord raised up a saviour to the sons of Israel, who delivered them: Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. | ↳ for in Judg 3:8, Judg 3:14, Judg 4:3, Judg 6:1 and Judg 13:1 (8+18+20+7+40=93). |
| Judg 3:10 | וַתְּהִ֨י עָלָ֥יו רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֮ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֵּצֵא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַתָּ֣עָז יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃ | And the spirit of the Lord came on him, and he judged Israel, and he went out to battle, and the Lord delivered Chushan-Rishathaim king of Aramaea into his hand, and his hand prevailed against Chushan-Rishathaim. | came ← became. |
| Judg 3:11 | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֖מָת עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־קְנַֽז׃ פ | Then the land was quiet for forty years, then Othniel the son of Kenaz died. | |
| Judg 3:12 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְחַזֵּ֨ק יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־עֶגְל֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָב֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֛ל כִּֽי־עָשׂ֥וּ אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | The sons of Israel then did wrong in the sight of the Lord again, and the Lord strengthened Eglon king of Moab against Israel, because they had done wrong in the sight of the Lord. | |
| Judg 3:13 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֣ף אֵלָ֔יו אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽירְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־עִ֥יר הַתְּמָרִֽים׃ | And he recruited the sons of Ammon and Amalek, and they set off and struck Israel, and they took possession of the City of Palm Trees. |
recruited ← gathered to himself.
City of Palm Trees: i.e. Jericho. See Deut 34:3, 2 Chr 28:15. |
| Judg 3:14 | וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־עֶגְל֣וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֔ב שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | Then the sons of Israel served Eglon king of Moab for eighteen years. | eighteen years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 3:15 | וַיִּזְעֲק֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֶל־יְהוָה֒ וַיָּקֶם֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם מוֹשִׁ֗יעַ אֶת־אֵה֤וּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא֙ בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֔י אִ֥ישׁ אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּיָדוֹ֙ מִנְחָ֔ה לְעֶגְל֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ מוֹאָֽב׃ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, and the Lord raised up a saviour to them, Ehud the son of Gera, the Benjaminite, a left-handed man, and the sons of Israel sent a gift through his agency to Eglon king of Moab. |
Benjaminite: AV differs somewhat (Benjamite), throughout the Bible.
a left-handed man ← a man bound of his right hand. Left-handed given by [AnLx], [BDB], [ST]. agency ← hand. |
| Judg 3:16 | וַיַּעַשׂ֩ ל֨וֹ אֵה֜וּד חֶ֗רֶב וְלָ֛הּ שְׁנֵ֥י פֵי֖וֹת גֹּ֣מֶד אָרְכָּ֑הּ וַיַּחְגֹּ֤ר אוֹתָהּ֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לְמַדָּ֔יו עַ֖ל יֶ֥רֶךְ יְמִינֽוֹ׃ | And Ehud made himself a sword with two edges, a short-cubit in length, and he girded it under his garments at his right thigh. | short-cubit: as [BDB]. A cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm; a short cubit may be half that. |
| Judg 3:17 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה לְעֶגְל֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב וְעֶגְל֕וֹן אִ֥ישׁ בָּרִ֖יא מְאֹֽד׃ | And he offered the gift to Eglon king of Moab. Now Eglon was a very fat man. | |
| Judg 3:18 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּלָּ֔ה לְהַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וַיְשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם נֹשְׂאֵ֖י הַמִּנְחָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when he had finished offering the gift, that he sent the people who bore the gift out. | |
| Judg 3:19 | וְה֣וּא שָׁ֗ב מִן־הַפְּסִילִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר דְּבַר־סֵ֥תֶר לִ֛י אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָ֔ס וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃ | And he returned from the quarry which was in Gilgal, and he said, “I have a secret message for you, O king.” And he said, “Shush.” And all the people standing around him went out away from him. |
quarry: or carved images. Perhaps a carved image park.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Judg 3:20 | וְאֵה֣וּד ׀ בָּ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵה֔וּד דְּבַר־אֱלֹהִ֥ים לִ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֖קָם מֵעַ֥ל הַכִּסֵּֽא׃ | Then Ehud went to him. Now he was sitting in an upper cool room which was for himself only, and Ehud said, “I have a message from God to you.” And he got up from his seat. |
upper cool room ← upper room of coolness.
message ← word. |
| Judg 3:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵהוּד֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד שְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב מֵעַ֖ל יֶ֣רֶךְ יְמִינ֑וֹ וַיִּתְקָעֶ֖הָ בְּבִטְנֽוֹ׃ | Then Ehud shot out his left hand and took his sword from his right thigh and thrust it into his belly. | |
| Judg 3:22 | וַיָּבֹ֨א גַֽם־הַנִּצָּ֜ב אַחַ֣ר הַלַּ֗הַב וַיִּסְגֹּ֤ר הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ בְּעַ֣ד הַלַּ֔הַב כִּ֣י לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ף הַחֶ֖רֶב מִבִּטְנ֑וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הַֽפַּרְשְׁדֹֽנָה׃ | And even the handle went in after the blade, and the fat closed in around the blade, because he did not draw the sword out of his belly, and it came out at his rectum. | at his rectum: AV differs, or it is euphemistic (dirt). |
| Judg 3:23 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א אֵה֖וּד הַֽמִּסְדְּר֑וֹנָה וַיִּסְגֹּ֞ר דַּלְת֧וֹת הָעַלִיָּ֛ה בַּעֲד֖וֹ וְנָעָֽל׃ | Then Ehud went out through the porch, and he closed the doors to the upper room behind him and locked them. | |
| Judg 3:24 | וְה֤וּא יָצָא֙ וַעֲבָדָ֣יו בָּ֔אוּ וַיִּרְא֕וּ וְהִנֵּ֛ה דַּלְת֥וֹת הָעֲלִיָּ֖ה נְעֻל֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אַ֣ךְ מֵסִ֥יךְ ה֛וּא אֶת־רַגְלָ֖יו בַּחֲדַ֥ר הַמְּקֵרָֽה׃ | And when he had gone out, his servants came and looked, and they found the doors of the upper room locked, and they said, “Surely he is covering his feet in the upper cool room.” |
they found ← behold.
upper cool room: AV differs slightly, summer chamber, losing the root meaning cool. |
| Judg 3:25 | וַיָּחִ֣ילוּ עַד־בּ֔וֹשׁ וְהְנֵּ֛ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ פֹתֵ֖חַ דַּלְת֣וֹת הָֽעֲלִיָּ֑ה וַיִּקְח֤וּ אֶת־הַמַּפְתֵּ֙חַ֙ וַיִּפְתָּ֔חוּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נֵיהֶ֔ם נֹפֵ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה מֵֽת׃ | And they waited until they were ashamed, and contrary to expectation, he didn't open the doors to the upper room, so they took the key and opened it, and what they saw was that their master had fallen to the ground dead. |
contrary to expectation ← behold.
what they saw was that ← behold. |
| Judg 3:26 | וְאֵה֥וּד נִמְלַ֖ט עַ֣ד הִֽתְמַהְמְהָ֑ם וְהוּא֙ עָבַ֣ר אֶת־הַפְּסִילִ֔ים וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט הַשְּׂעִירָֽתָה׃ | And Ehud escaped while they delayed, and he crossed over the quarry and escaped to Seirah. |
quarry: or carved images.
Seirah: AV= Seirath, taking part of the locative ending as belonging to the name. |
| Judg 3:27 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹא֔וֹ וַיִּתְקַ֥ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּרְד֨וּ עִמּ֧וֹ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִן־הָהָ֖ר וְה֥וּא לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when he arrived, that he sounded the ramshorn at Mount Ephraim, and the sons of Israel came down with him from the mountain, and he was in front of them. | |
| Judg 3:28 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ רִדְפ֣וּ אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם אֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַיֵּרְד֣וּ אַחֲרָ֗יו וַֽיִּלְכְּד֞וּ אֶת־מַעְבְּר֤וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְמוֹאָ֔ב וְלֹֽא־נָתְנ֥וּ אִ֖ישׁ לַעֲבֹֽר׃ | And he said to them, “Pursue following me, because the Lord has delivered your enemies – Moab – into your hand.” So they went down following him, and they captured the fords of the Jordan for crossing to Moab, and they did not allow any man to cross. | following me ... following him ← after me ... after him. |
| Judg 3:29 | וַיַּכּ֨וּ אֶת־מוֹאָ֜ב בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא כַּעֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ כָּל־שָׁמֵ֖ן וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑יִל וְלֹ֥א נִמְלַ֖ט אִֽישׁ׃ | And they struck Moab at that time – about ten thousand men – all brawny and all valiant men, and not a man escaped. | brawny: AV differs, to modern ears at least (lusty). |
| Judg 3:30 | וַתִּכָּנַ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תַּ֖חַת יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | So Moab was humiliated on that day by the power of Israel, and the land was quiet for eighty years. |
humiliated: or subdued.
power ← hand. |
| Judg 3:31 | וְאַחֲרָ֤יו הָיָה֙ שַׁמְגַּ֣ר בֶּן־עֲנָ֔ת וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ בְּמַלְמַ֖ד הַבָּקָ֑ר וַיֹּ֥שַׁע גַּם־ה֖וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, and he struck the Philistines – six hundred men – with an ox-goad. And he too saved Israel. | |
| Judg 4:1 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵה֖וּד מֵֽת׃ | Then the sons of Israel did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord again, but Ehud was dead. | |
| Judg 4:2 | וַיִּמְכְּרֵ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה בְּיַד֙ יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחָצ֑וֹר וְשַׂר־צְבָאוֹ֙ סִֽיסְרָ֔א וְה֥וּא יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בַּחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And the Lord sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor, the commander of whose army was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth of the Gentiles. | |
| Judg 4:3 | וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֠י תְּשַׁ֨ע מֵא֤וֹת רֶֽכֶב־בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ וְ֠הוּא לָחַ֞ץ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּחָזְקָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, for he had nine hundred iron chariots, and he oppressed the sons of Israel severely for twenty years. | twenty years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 4:4 | וּדְבוֹרָה֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה נְבִיאָ֔ה אֵ֖שֶׁת לַפִּיד֑וֹת הִ֛יא שֹׁפְטָ֥ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | Now Deborah was a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, and she was judging Israel at that time, |
a prophetess ← a prophetess lady.
Lappidoth: AV= Lapidoth. |
| Judg 4:5 | וְ֠הִיא יוֹשֶׁ֨בֶת תַּֽחַת־תֹּ֜מֶר דְּבוֹרָ֗ה בֵּ֧ין הָרָמָ֛ה וּבֵ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֵלֶ֛יהָ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and she was sitting under the palm tree of Deborah – between Ramah and Beth-El at Mount Ephraim – and the sons of Israel went up to her for justice. | Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Judg 4:6 | וַתִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַתִּקְרָא֙ לְבָרָ֣ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֔עַם מִקֶּ֖דֶשׁ נַפְתָּלִ֑י וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו הֲלֹ֥א צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵ֤ךְ וּמָֽשַׁכְתָּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ עִמְּךָ֗ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י וּמִבְּנֵ֥י זְבֻלֽוּן׃ | And she sent for and called for Barak the son of Abinoam in Kedesh-Naphtali, and she said to him, “Did not the Lord God of Israel command you and say, ‘Go and seize Mount Tabor, and take with you ten thousand men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulun. |
in Kedesh-Naphtali ← from Kedesh-Naphtali.
AV differs as to where the question ends. |
| Judg 4:7 | וּמָשַׁכְתִּ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֗וֹן אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יָבִ֔ין וְאֶת־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And I will draw Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army, to you at the Kishon Brook, with his chariot fleet and his multitude, and I will deliver him into your hands’?” | at the Kishon Brook ← to the Kishon Brook. |
| Judg 4:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּרָ֔ק אִם־תֵּלְכִ֥י עִמִּ֖י וְהָלָ֑כְתִּי וְאִם־לֹ֥א תֵלְכִ֛י עִמִּ֖י לֹ֥א אֵלֵֽךְ׃ | Then Barak said to her, “If you go with me, I will go, but if you don't go with me, I won't go.” | I will go ... I won't go: interesting “tenses” – vav consecutive of perfect (tone not shifted in pause, [Ges-HG] §49m) ... plain imperfect. |
| Judg 4:9 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר הָלֹ֧ךְ אֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֗ךְ אֶ֚פֶס כִּי֩ לֹ֨א תִֽהְיֶ֜ה תִּֽפְאַרְתְּךָ֗ עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה הוֹלֵ֔ךְ כִּ֣י בְֽיַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה יִמְכֹּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֑א וַתָּ֧קָם דְּבוֹרָ֛ה וַתֵּ֥לֶך עִם־בָּרָ֖ק קֶֽדְשָׁה׃ | Then she said, “I will willingly go with you, but you will not have the honour of the expedition which you are going on, for the Lord will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman.” Then Deborah arose and went with Barak to Kedesh. |
I will willingly go: infinitive absolute.
you will not have the honour ← there will not be your honour. expedition ← road. |
| Judg 4:10 | וַיַּזְעֵ֨ק בָּרָ֜ק אֶת־זְבוּלֻ֤ן וְאֶת־נַפְתָּלִי֙ קֶ֔דְשָׁה וַיַּ֣עַל בְּרַגְלָ֔יו עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אַלְפֵ֖י אִ֑ישׁ וַתַּ֥עַל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבוֹרָֽה׃ | Then Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali together in Kedesh, and ten thousand men went up in his footsteps, and Deborah went up with him. |
in Kedesh ← to Kadesh.
in his footsteps ← at his feet. |
| Judg 4:11 | וְחֶ֤בֶר הַקֵּינִי֙ נִפְרָ֣ד מִקַּ֔יִן מִבְּנֵ֥י חֹבָ֖ב חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳל֔וֹ עַד־אֵל֥וֹן *בצענים **בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶת־קֶֽדֶשׁ׃ | And Heber the Kenite, who had parted from the Kenites, one of the sons of Hobab, Moses' father-in-law, pitched his tent at the oak at {Q: Zaanannim} [K: Zaanaim] which is next to Kedesh. |
Zaanannim (qeré) ... Zaanaim (ketiv): in Josh 19:33 Zaanannim.
next to ← with. |
| Judg 4:12 | וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לְסִֽיסְרָ֑א כִּ֥י עָלָ֛ה בָּרָ֥ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֖עַם הַר־תָּבֽוֹר׃ ס | And it was reported to Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor. | it was reported ← they reported. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Judg 4:13 | וַיַּזְעֵ֨ק סִֽיסְרָ֜א אֶת־כָּל־רִכְבּ֗וֹ תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ מֵחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃ | So Sisera called up the whole of his chariot fleet – nine hundred iron chariots – and all the people who were with him, from Harosheth of the Gentiles to the Kishon Brook. | |
| Judg 4:14 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ דְּבֹרָ֨ה אֶל־בָּרָ֜ק ק֗וּם כִּ֣י זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ הֲלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה יָצָ֣א לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּרָק֙ מֵהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וַעֲשֶׂ֧רֶת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֖ישׁ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | Then Deborah said to Barak, “Arise, for this is the day on which the Lord has delivered Sisera into your hand. Will not the Lord go out before you?” So Barak went down from Mount Tabor with ten thousand men following him. | following ← after. |
| Judg 4:15 | וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃ | And the Lord routed Sisera and all his chariot fleet and the whole of his camp, by the edge of the sword before Barak, but Sisera descended from his chariot and fled on foot. | |
| Judg 4:16 | וּבָרָ֗ק רָדַ֞ף אַחֲרֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה עַ֖ד חֲרֹ֣שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֞ל כָּל־מַחֲנֵ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר עַד־אֶחָֽד׃ | And Barak pursued the chariot fleet and the camp as far as Harosheth of the Gentiles, and the whole of Sisera's camp fell at the edge of the sword – not even one remained. | even ← up to. |
| Judg 4:17 | וְסִֽיסְרָא֙ נָ֣ס בְּרַגְלָ֔יו אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יָעֵ֔ל אֵ֖שֶּׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י כִּ֣י שָׁל֗וֹם בֵּ֚ין יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־חָצ֔וֹר וּבֵ֕ין בֵּ֖ית חֶ֥בֶר הַקֵּינִֽי׃ | And Sisera fled on foot to the tent of Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite, for there was peace between Jabin king of Hazor and the house of Heber the Kenite. | |
| Judg 4:18 | וַתֵּצֵ֣א יָעֵל֮ לִקְרַ֣את סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו סוּרָ֧ה אֲדֹנִ֛י סוּרָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיָּ֤סַר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה׃ | And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and she said to him, “Turn in, my lord, turn in to me. Do not be afraid.” So he turned in to her, into her tent, and she covered him with a blanket. | a blanket ← the blanket. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 4:19 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ הַשְׁקִינִי־נָ֥א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם כִּ֣י צָמֵ֑אתִי וַתִּפְתַּ֞ח אֶת־נֹ֧אוד הֶחָלָ֛ב וַתַּשְׁקֵ֖הוּ וַתְּכַסֵּֽהוּ׃ | And he said, “Please give me a little water to drink, for I am thirsty.” And she opened a flask of milk and let him drink, and she covered him. | a flask ← the flask, made grammatically definite by the nomen rectum following. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 4:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ עֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וְהָיָה֩ אִם־אִ֨ישׁ יָב֜וֹא וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְאָמַ֛ר הֲיֵֽשׁ־פֹּ֥ה אִ֖ישׁ וְאָמַ֥רְתְּ אָֽיִן׃ | And he said to her, “Stand at the entrance to the tent, and make sure if a man comes and asks you, and says, ‘Is there a man here?’, that you will say, ‘No.’ ” | make sure ← it shall be. |
| Judg 4:21 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח יָעֵ֣ל אֵֽשֶׁת־חֶ֠בֶר אֶת־יְתַ֨ד הָאֹ֜הֶל וַתָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַמַּקֶּ֣בֶת בְּיָדָ֗הּ וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלָיו֙ בַּלָּ֔אט וַתִּתְקַ֤ע אֶת־הַיָּתֵד֙ בְּרַקָּת֔וֹ וַתִּצְנַ֖ח בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֽוּא־נִרְדָּ֥ם וַיָּ֖עַף וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | Then Jael Heber's wife took a tent peg, and she took a mallet in her hand, and she went to him stealthily, and she drove the peg into his temple, and it penetrated the ground, while he was slumbering and was weary. And he died. |
a tent peg ... a mallet ← the tent peg ... the mallet. Unexpected definite articles. See Gen 22:9.
stealthily: or softly. |
| Judg 4:22 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה בָרָק֮ רֹדֵ֣ף אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֵּצֵ֤א יָעֵל֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֣ךְ וְאַרְאֶ֔ךָּ אֶת־הָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלֶ֔יהָ וְהִנֵּ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ נֹפֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וְהַיָּתֵ֖ד בְּרַקָּתֽוֹ׃ | And what happened was that when Barak was pursuing Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, and she said to him, “Come and I will show you the man you are looking for.” So he went to her and there was Sisera fallen down dead, with the peg in his temple. |
what happened was that ← behold.
there was ← behold. |
| Judg 4:23 | וַיַּכְנַ֤ע אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֵ֖ת יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So God humiliated Jabin king of Canaan on that day before the sons of Israel. | |
| Judg 4:24 | וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ יַ֤ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְקָשָׁ֔ה עַ֖ל יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְרִ֔יתוּ אֵ֖ת יָבִ֥ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָֽעַן׃ פ | And the force of the sons of Israel was ongoing and severe against Jabin king of Canaan, until they had destroyed Jabin king of Canaan. |
force ← hand.
was ongoing and severe ← went going and (being) hard, with infinitive absolute. AV differs somewhat (prospered and prevailed). |
| Judg 5:1 | וַתָּ֣שַׁר דְּבוֹרָ֔ה וּבָרָ֖ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֑עַם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, and they said, | |
| Judg 5:2 | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
“For the effecting of deliverance in Israel, When the people were willing, Bless the Lord. |
for the effecting: gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs (for the avenging), from the Chaldee meaning. |
| Judg 5:3 | שִׁמְע֣וּ מְלָכִ֔ים הַאֲזִ֖ינוּ רֹֽזְנִ֑ים אָֽנֹכִ֗י לַֽיהוָה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָשִׁ֔ירָה אֲזַמֵּ֕ר לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Hear, O kings; Give ear, O princes. I myself shall sing to the Lord; I shall sing psalms to the Lord God of Israel. |
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| Judg 5:4 | יְהוָ֗ה בְּצֵאתְךָ֤ מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ בְּצַעְדְּךָ֙ מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֱד֔וֹם אֶ֣רֶץ רָעָ֔שָׁה גַּם־שָׁמַ֖יִם נָטָ֑פוּ גַּם־עָבִ֖ים נָ֥טְפוּ מָֽיִם׃ |
Lord, when you went out from Seir, When you marched from the open country of Edom, The earth trembled, And not only did the heavens drip, But the thick clouds also precipitated water. |
drip ... precipitated ← drip ... dripped. So-called otiose usage, but perhaps elegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5.
not only ... but ... also ← also ... also. |
| Judg 5:5 | הָרִ֥ים נָזְל֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה זֶ֣ה סִינַ֔י מִפְּנֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Mountains flowed on account of the Lord – Sinai here did On account of the Lord God of Israel. |
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| Judg 5:6 | בִּימֵ֞י שַׁמְגַּ֤ר בֶּן־עֲנָת֙ בִּימֵ֣י יָעֵ֔ל חָדְל֖וּ אֳרָח֑וֹת וְהֹלְכֵ֣י נְתִיב֔וֹת יֵלְכ֕וּ אֳרָח֖וֹת עֲקַלְקַלּֽוֹת׃ |
In the days of Shamgar The son of Anath, In the days of Jael, They avoided the highways, And those that went on travels Went by twisting ways. |
they avoided the highways: or the highways were avoided. AV differs somewhat (the highways were unoccupied).
travels ← beaten paths. |
| Judg 5:7 | חָדְל֧וּ פְרָז֛וֹן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חָדֵ֑לּוּ עַ֤ד שַׁקַּ֙מְתִּי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה שַׁקַּ֥מְתִּי אֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Leadership ceased in Israel – It ceased – Until I, Deborah, arose, When I arose as a mother in Israel. |
leadership: or, as the sense of the AV (but less fitting in the context), village life. Collective usage, taking a plural verb. So AV differs. |
| Judg 5:8 | יִבְחַר֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים אָ֖ז לָחֶ֣ם שְׁעָרִ֑ים מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח בְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
It chose new gods, Then there was war at the gates. Was a shield seen – Or a spear – Among the forty thousand in Israel? |
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Judg 5:9 | לִבִּי֙ לְחוֹקְקֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַמִּֽתְנַדְּבִ֖ים בָּעָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
My heart turned to the legislators of Israel, Those who were willing among the people. Bless the Lord. |
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| Judg 5:10 | רֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִֽׂיחוּ׃ |
Riders on white she-asses, You who sit in judgment, And you who walk on the road, Speak! |
in judgment: as AV, we derive the word from דִּין (judgment). [AnLx], [BDB], [Ges-HCL] all derive as an Aramaic plural of מַד, translating carpet (for sitting on). |
| Judg 5:11 | מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים בֵּ֚ין מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים שָׁ֤ם יְתַנּוּ֙ צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָ֛ז יָרְד֥וּ לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים עַם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
At the sound of archers, Between water troughs, There they celebrate The righteous deeds of the Lord – The righteous deeds Of his leadership in Israel. That is when the people of the Lord Went down to the gates. |
leadership: AV differs (villages). |
| Judg 5:12 | עוּרִ֤י עוּרִי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה ע֥וּרִי ע֖וּרִי דַּבְּרִי־שִׁ֑יר ק֥וּם בָּרָ֛ק וּֽשֲׁבֵ֥ה שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ בֶּן־אֲבִינֹֽעַם׃ |
Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake; utter a song. Arise, Barak! And make your captivity captive, O son of Abinoam. |
make your captivity captive: i.e. throw off your servitude. The expression is used in Ps 68:19 (Ps 68:18AV) and Eph 4:8. |
| Judg 5:13 | אָ֚ז יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים עָ֑ם יְהוָ֕ה יְרַד־לִ֖י בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
At that time he gave dominion Over the nobility of the people To a survivor. The Lord gave me dominion Over warriors. |
he gave dominion: an apocopated piel future from רָדָה rather than the qal imperative of יָרַד. |
| Judg 5:14 | מִנִּ֣י אֶפְרַ֗יִם שָׁרְשָׁם֙ בַּעֲמָלֵ֔ק אַחֲרֶ֥יךָ בִנְיָמִ֖ין בַּֽעֲמָמֶ֑יךָ מִנִּ֣י מָכִ֗יר יָֽרְדוּ֙ מְחֹ֣קְקִ֔ים וּמִ֨זְּבוּלֻ֔ן מֹשְׁכִ֖ים בְּשֵׁ֥בֶט סֹפֵֽר׃ |
From Ephraim came their root Against Amalek. And after you came Benjamin, Among your people. From Machir, legislators came down, And from Zebulun, They that hold out the rod of the recording scribe. |
people ← peoples.
rod: for counting, according to [CB]. AV differs (pen). The most common meanings are tribe and rod / sceptre. |
| Judg 5:15 | וְשָׂרַ֤י בְּיִשָּׂשכָר֙ עִם־דְּבֹרָ֔ה וְיִשָּׂשכָר֙ כֵּ֣ן בָּרָ֔ק בָּעֵ֖מֶק שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּרַגְלָ֑יו בִּפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן גְּדֹלִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
But my princes among Issachar were with Deborah. And as was Issachar, so was Barak. He was sent to the valley on foot. Among the divisions of Reuben, Great were the impressions on the heart. |
impressions on the heart: (objective genitive), or imaginations of the heart (subjective genitive). |
| Judg 5:16 | לָ֣מָּה יָשַׁ֗בְתָּ בֵּ֚ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַ֔יִם לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ שְׁרִק֣וֹת עֲדָרִ֑ים לִפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן גְּדוֹלִ֖ים חִקְרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
Why did you dwell between the sheepfolds, So as to hear the bleating of the flocks? Among the divisions of Reuben, Great were the searchings of the heart. |
the searchings of the heart: a similar sounding, but different, word to that of Judg 5:15, in a subjective genitive construction. |
| Judg 5:17 | גִּלְעָ֗ד בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ שָׁכֵ֔ן וְדָ֕ן לָ֥מָּה יָג֖וּר אֳנִיּ֑וֹת אָשֵׁ֗ר יָשַׁב֙ לְח֣וֹף יַמִּ֔ים וְעַ֥ל מִפְרָצָ֖יו יִשְׁכּֽוֹן׃ |
Gilead dwelt across the Jordan, And why did Dan inhabit ships? Asher stayed on the coast of the seas And dwelt in its creeks. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 5:18 | זְבֻל֗וּן עַ֣ם חֵרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לָמ֖וּת וְנַפְתָּלִ֑י עַ֖ל מְרוֹמֵ֥י שָׂדֶֽה׃ |
Zebulun is a people Who despised mortal danger. Naphtali likewise In the heights of the open countryside. |
who despised mortal danger ← despised its soul for dying.
Naphtali likewise ← and Naphtali. |
| Judg 5:19 | בָּ֤אוּ מְלָכִים֙ נִלְחָ֔מוּ אָ֤ז נִלְחֲמוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י כְנַ֔עַן בְּתַעְנַ֖ךְ עַל־מֵ֣י מְגִדּ֑וֹ בֶּ֥צַע כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א לָקָֽחוּ׃ |
Kings came and fought, Then the kings of Canaan fought In Taanach by the water of Megiddo. They did not take any spoils of silver. |
Taanach: see Judg 1:27. |
| Judg 5:20 | מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם נִלְחָ֑מוּ הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙ מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־סִיסְרָֽא׃ |
They fought from heaven; The stars fought Against Sisera from their courses. |
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 5:21 | נַ֤חַל קִישׁוֹן֙ גְּרָפָ֔ם נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֑וֹן תִּדְרְכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י עֹֽז׃ |
The Kishon Brook swept them away – The brook of the ancients, The Kishon Brook. My own self was to tread there in strength. |
my own self was to tread ← tread, my soul.
in strength: or, objective, on strength (of the enemy), as the sense of AV. So AV differs. |
| Judg 5:22 | אָ֥ז הָלְמ֖וּ עִקְּבֵי־ס֑וּס מִֽדַּהֲר֖וֹת דַּהֲר֥וֹת אַבִּירָֽיו׃ |
Then the tracks of cavalry were imprinted at the prancing – The prancing of his mighty ones. |
tracks of cavalry ... imprinted: AV differs (horsehoofs broken). |
| Judg 5:23 | א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
‘Curse Meroz’, Said the angel of the Lord; ‘Curse its inhabitants vehemently, For they did not come To the Lord's help – To the Lord's help Against the warriors.’ |
curse ... vehemently: infinitive absolute.
to the Lord's help (2x): i.e. to join in the battle, in which the Lord was helping. Subjective genitive. |
| Judg 5:24 | תְּבֹרַךְ֙ מִנָּשִׁ֔ים יָעֵ֕ל אֵ֖שֶׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י מִנָּשִׁ֥ים בָּאֹ֖הֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ׃ |
May Jael be the most blessed of women – The wife of Heber the Kenite – May she be the most blessed Of women in the tent. |
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| Judg 5:25 | מַ֥יִם שָׁאַ֖ל חָלָ֣ב נָתָ֑נָה בְּסֵ֥פֶל אַדִּירִ֖ים הִקְרִ֥יבָה חֶמְאָֽה׃ |
He asked for water; She gave him milk. In a bowl for the nobility, She offered buttermilk. |
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| Judg 5:26 | יָדָהּ֙ לַיָּתֵ֣ד תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה וִֽימִינָ֖הּ לְהַלְמ֣וּת עֲמֵלִ֑ים וְהָלְמָ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ מָחֲקָ֣ה רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וּמָחֲצָ֥ה וְחָלְפָ֖ה רַקָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Her hand reached for the peg And her right hand for the workmen's hammer, And she hammered Sisera. She crushed his head And dashed and pierced his temple. |
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| Judg 5:27 | בֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֔יהָ כָּרַ֥ע נָפַ֖ל שָׁכָ֑ב בֵּ֤ין רַגְלֶ֙יהָ֙ כָּרַ֣ע נָפָ֔ל בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ע שָׁ֖ם נָפַ֥ל שָׁדֽוּד׃ |
He sank down and fell And lay between her feet. He sank down and fell between her feet. Where he sank down, There he fell, Slain. |
slain ← plundered, spoiled, but also destroyed, dead. |
| Judg 5:28 | בְּעַד֩ הַחַלּ֨וֹן נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב אֵ֥ם סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּעַ֣ד הָֽאֶשְׁנָ֑ב מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Sisera's mother peered through the window And cried aloud through the latticework, ‘Why is his chariot delayed in coming? Why is the clattering noise of his chariots late?’ |
in coming: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 5:29 | חַכְמ֥וֹת שָׂרוֹתֶ֖יהָ תַּעֲנֶ֑ינָּה אַף־הִ֕יא תָּשִׁ֥יב אֲמָרֶ֖יהָ לָֽהּ׃ |
Her princesses in their wisdom answered; She even responded in her own words, |
in her own words: AV differs somewhat (to herself). |
| Judg 5:30 | הֲלֹ֨א יִמְצְא֜וּ יְחַלְּק֣וּ שָׁלָ֗ל רַ֤חַם רַחֲמָתַ֙יִם֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ גֶּ֔בֶר שְׁלַ֤ל צְבָעִים֙ לְסִ֣יסְרָ֔א שְׁלַ֥ל צְבָעִ֖ים רִקְמָ֑ה צֶ֥בַע רִקְמָתַ֖יִם לְצַוְּארֵ֥י שָׁלָֽל׃ |
‘Have they not found, And are they not dividing, the spoil? A maiden or two per headcount of a man, Spoil of dyed garments for Sisera, Spoil of dyed garments with embroidery, Dyed double-sided embroidery For the necks of the spoil-takers.’ |
maiden: or womb, from which [BDB] derives womb-man, woman, as a slave. |
| Judg 5:31 | כֵּ֠ן יֹאבְד֤וּ כָל־אוֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאֹ֣הֲבָ֔יו כְּצֵ֥את הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָת֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ |
May all your enemies perish that way, O Lord, But let those who love him Be like the rising of the sun In its strength.” And the land was quiet for forty years. |
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| Judg 6:1 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then the sons of Israel did wrong in the sight of the Lord, and the Lord delivered them into the hand of Midian for seven years. |
Midian: i.e. the Midianites. Collective usage.
seven years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 6:2 | וַתָּ֥עָז יַד־מִדְיָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִפְּנֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן עָשֽׂוּ לָהֶ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַמְּעָר֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּצָדֽוֹת׃ | And Midian's grip on Israel tightened. Because of Midian, the sons of Israel made themselves tunnels in the mountains, and caves, and fortresses. | |
| Judg 6:3 | וְהָיָ֖ה אִם־זָרַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעָלָ֨ה מִדְיָ֧ן וַֽעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם וְעָל֥וּ עָלָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when Israel had sown seed, that Midian came up, as did Amalek and the easterners, and they came up against them. |
easterners ← sons of the east.
them ← him, i.e. Israel. Collective usage. |
| Judg 6:4 | וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשְׁחִ֙יתוּ֙ אֶת־יְב֣וּל הָאָ֔רֶץ עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֖ עַזָּ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֤ירוּ מִֽחְיָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְשֶׂ֥ה וָשׁ֖וֹר וַחֲמֽוֹר׃ | And they encamped against them, and they destroyed the produce of the land as far as when you come to Gaza. And they did not leave any means of livelihood in Israel, neither sheep, nor oxen, nor donkeys. | not ... neither ... nor ... nor: negatory use of the vav, from one negation in the Hebrew. Compare Deut 33:6. |
| Judg 6:5 | כִּ֡י הֵם֩ וּמִקְנֵיהֶ֨ם יַעֲל֜וּ וְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם *יבאו **וּבָ֤אוּ כְדֵֽי־אַרְבֶּה֙ לָרֹ֔ב וְלָהֶ֥ם וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶ֖ם אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ בָאָ֖רֶץ לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃ | For they and their cattle would come up, with their tents. {K: They would come} [Q: And they came] like locusts in multitude, they and their camels being innumerable, and they came to the land to destroy it. | |
| Judg 6:6 | וַיִּדַּ֧ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מְאֹ֖ד מִפְּנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּזְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Israel was brought very low on account of Midian, and the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. | |
| Judg 6:7 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־זָעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה עַ֖ל אֹד֥וֹת מִדְיָֽן׃ | And it came to pass, when the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord because of Midian, | |
| Judg 6:8 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אִ֥ישׁ נָבִ֖יא אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י הֶעֱלֵ֤יתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וָאֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | that the Lord sent a prophet to the sons of Israel, and he said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I brought you up out of Egypt, and I brought you out of a house of slavery. |
a prophet ← a prophet man.
this is what ← thus. slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Judg 6:9 | וָאַצִּ֤ל אֶתְכֶם֙ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־לֹחֲצֵיכֶ֑ם וָאֲגָרֵ֤שׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וָאֶתְּנָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃ | And I delivered you from Egypt's grip and from the grip of all who were oppressing you, and I drove them out before you, and I gave you their land. | grip (2x) ← hand. |
| Judg 6:10 | וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָכֶ֗ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֤א תִֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקוֹלִֽי׃ פ | And I said to you, «I am the Lord your God. Do not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living», but you did not obey me.’ ” |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
obey me ← hear my voice. |
| Judg 6:11 | וַיָּבֹ֞א מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ תַּ֤חַת הָֽאֵלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעָפְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְיוֹאָ֖שׁ אֲבִ֣י הָֽעֶזְרִ֑י וְגִדְע֣וֹן בְּנ֗וֹ חֹבֵ֤ט חִטִּים֙ בַּגַּ֔ת לְהָנִ֖יס מִפְּנֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | Then the angel of the Lord came and sat under the terebinth tree which was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abi-Ezrite, while Gideon his son was threshing wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites. |
the angel of the Lord: see Judg 2:1.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. Midianites ← Midian. Collective usage. |
| Judg 6:12 | וַיֵּרָ֥א אֵלָ֖יו מַלְּאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ גִּבּ֥וֹר הֶחָֽיִל׃ | And the angel of the Lord appeared to him and said to him, “The Lord is with you, you valiant warrior.” | |
| Judg 6:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֤יו גִּדְעוֹן֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְיֵ֤שׁ יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְלָ֥מָּה מְצָאַ֖תְנוּ כָּל־זֹ֑את וְאַיֵּ֣ה כָֽל־נִפְלְאֹתָ֡יו אֲשֶׁר֩ סִפְּרוּ־לָ֨נוּ אֲבוֹתֵ֜ינוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הֶעֱלָ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וְעַתָּה֙ נְטָשָׁ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖נוּ בְּכַף־מִדְיָֽן׃ | And Gideon said to him, “O my Lord, please, if the Lord is present with us, then why has all this befallen us? And where are all his wonders which our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did the Lord not bring us up out of Egypt?’ And now the Lord has forsaken us and delivered us into the hand of Midian.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
befallen ← found. |
| Judg 6:14 | וַיִּ֤פֶן אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֵ֚ךְ בְּכֹחֲךָ֣ זֶ֔ה וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֥ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִכַּ֣ף מִדְיָ֑ן הֲלֹ֖א שְׁלַחְתִּֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord turned to him and said, “Go in this strength of yours, and save Israel from Midian's grip. Have I not sent you?” | grip ← palm. |
| Judg 6:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔י בַּמָּ֥ה אוֹשִׁ֖יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנֵּ֤ה אַלְפִּי֙ הַדַּ֣ל בִּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וְאָנֹכִ֥י הַצָּעִ֖יר בְּבֵ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | Then he said to him, “Please, Lord*, by what means shall I save Israel? Look, my family is the most reduced in the tribe of Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Judg 6:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֶהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | And the Lord said to him, “When I am with you, you will be able to strike Midian as one man.” | |
| Judg 6:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אִם־נָ֛א מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ לִּי֙ א֔וֹת שָׁאַתָּ֖ה מְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמִּֽי׃ | And he said to him, “If now I have found grace in your sight, do perform a sign for me, to show that it is you talking to me. | |
| Judg 6:18 | אַל־נָ֨א תָמֻ֤שׁ מִזֶּה֙ עַד־בֹּאִ֣י אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהֹֽצֵאתִי֙ אֶת־מִנְחָתִ֔י וְהִנַּחְתִּ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ׃ | Please do not depart from here until I come to you and bring out my meal-offering, and I deposit it before you.” And he said, “I will stay until you return.” | |
| Judg 6:19 | וְגִדְע֣וֹן בָּ֗א וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גְּדִֽי־עִזִּים֙ וְאֵיפַת־קֶ֣מַח מַצּ֔וֹת הַבָּשָׂר֙ שָׂ֣ם בַּסַּ֔ל וְהַמָּרַ֖ק שָׂ֣ם בַּפָּר֑וּר וַיּוֹצֵ֥א אֵלָ֛יו אֶל־תַּ֥חַת הָאֵלָ֖ה וַיַּגַּֽשׁ׃ ס | Then Gideon departed and prepared a kid of the goats and an ephah of flour's worth of unleavened loaves. He put the meat in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot, and he brought it out to him under the terebinth tree, and he offered it. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. a pot ← the pot. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 6:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים קַ֣ח אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֤ר וְאֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת֙ וְהַנַּח֙ אֶל־הַסֶּ֣לַע הַלָּ֔ז וְאֶת־הַמָּרַ֖ק שְׁפ֑וֹךְ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃ | Then the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened loaves, and deposit them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And he did so. | pour out: or spill. Pouring into something is a different word (יָצַק). |
| Judg 6:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֥ע בַּבָּשָׂ֖ר וּבַמַּצּ֑וֹת וַתַּ֨עַל הָאֵ֜שׁ מִן־הַצּ֗וּר וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר֙ וְאֶת־הַמַּצּ֔וֹת וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה הָלַ֖ךְ מֵעֵינָֽיו׃ | And the angel of the Lord held out the end of the staff which was in his hand, and he touched the meat and the unleavened loaves, and fire went up from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened loaves. Then the angel of the Lord departed out of his sight. | |
| Judg 6:22 | וַיַּ֣רְא גִּדְע֔וֹן כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה ה֑וּא ס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֗וֹן אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֙יתִי֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃ | And Gideon saw that it was the angel of the Lord, and Gideon said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, because I have seen the angel of the Lord face to face.” |
Gideon (2x): see Num 1:11.
the angel of the Lord (2x): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 6:23 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֖ אַל־תִּירָ֑א לֹ֖א תָּמֽוּת׃ | And the Lord said to him, “Peace be to you, do not be afraid, you shall not die.” | |
| Judg 6:24 | וַיִּבֶן֩ שָׁ֨ם גִּדְע֤וֹן מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָא־ל֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה שָׁל֑וֹם עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עוֹדֶ֕נּוּ בְּעָפְרָ֖ת אֲבִ֥י הָעֶזְרִֽי׃ פ | Then Gideon built an altar to the Lord there, and he called it Jehovah-Shalom, as it is up to this day, still there in Ophrah of the Abi-Ezrites. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
Jehovah-Shalom ← Yhvh-Shalom, or the Lord of peace. We retain the established name. |
| Judg 6:25 | וַיְהִי֮ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַהוּא֒ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה קַ֤ח אֶת־פַּר־הַשּׁוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יךָ וּפַ֥ר הַשֵּׁנִ֖י שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וְהָרַסְתָּ֗ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַבַּ֙עַל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יךָ וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו תִּכְרֹֽת׃ | And it came to pass that night that the Lord said to him, “Take your father's bull of the oxen, and the second bull which is seven years old, and demolish the altar of Baal which your father has, and cut down the phallic park which goes with it. | |
| Judg 6:26 | וּבָנִ֨יתָ מִזְבֵּ֜חַ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ עַ֣ל רֹ֧אשׁ הַמָּע֛וֹז הַזֶּ֖ה בַּמַּֽעֲרָכָ֑ה וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֣ר הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְהַעֲלִ֣יתָ עוֹלָ֔ה בַּעֲצֵ֥י הָאֲשֵׁרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּכְרֹֽת׃ | And build an altar to the Lord your God on the top of this fortress at the pile of material, and take the second bull and make a burnt offering with the wood of the phallic park which you cut down.” | at the pile of material: [MJ] gives arrangement, order, especially a a pile of wood on the altar in the Temple. The context suggests expiating the idolatrous material, so perhaps the pile is of rubble. |
| Judg 6:27 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח גִּדְע֜וֹן עֲשָׂרָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ מֵֽעֲבָדָ֔יו וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלָ֖יו יְהוָ֑ה וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרֵא֩ אֶת־בֵּ֨ית אָבִ֜יו וְאֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִ֛יר מֵעֲשׂ֥וֹת יוֹמָ֖ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָֽיְלָה׃ | Then Gideon took ten men from his servants, and he did what the Lord had said to him, and it so happened that as he was afraid of the house of his father and the men of the city – of doing it by day – that he did it by night. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
of doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 6:28 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֜ימוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֤ה נֻתַּץ֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַבַּ֔עַל וְהָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו כֹּרָ֑תָה וְאֵת֙ הַפָּ֣ר הַשֵּׁנִ֔י הֹֽעֲלָ֔ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ הַבָּנֽוּי׃ | Then when the men of the city got up early in the morning, what they saw was that the altar of Baal had been demolished, and the phallic park which went with it had been cut down, and the second bull had been offered as a burnt offering on the altar which had been built. | what they saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 6:29 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֥י עָשָׂ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַֽיִּדְרְשׁוּ֙ וַיְבַקְשׁ֔וּ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ גִּדְעוֹן֙ בֶּן־יוֹאָ֔שׁ עָשָׂ֖ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they said to each other, “Who has done this thing?” And they looked into it and inquired, and they said, “Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 6:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔שׁ הוֹצֵ֥א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֖ וְיָמֹ֑ת כִּ֤י נָתַץ֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח הַבַּ֔עַל וְכִ֥י כָרַ֖ת הָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָֽיו׃ | And the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring your son out, and he will die, because he has demolished the altar of Baal and because he has cut down the phallic park which went with it.” | |
| Judg 6:31 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֡שׁ לְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָמְד֨וּ עָלָ֜יו הַאַתֶּ֣ם ׀ תְּרִיב֣וּן לַבַּ֗עַל אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תּוֹשִׁיע֣וּן אוֹת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥יב ל֛וֹ יוּמַ֖ת עַד־הַבֹּ֑קֶר אִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים הוּא֙ יָ֣רֶב ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נָתַ֖ץ אֶֽת־מִזְבְּחֽוֹ׃ | But Joash said to everyone who was standing against him, “Will you defend Baal? Or will you save him? Let him who would defend him be put to death while it is morning. If he is a god, let him defend himself, because someone has demolished his altar.” | while it is morning ← until / up to the morning. |
| Judg 6:32 | וַיִּקְרָא־ל֥וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא יְרֻבַּ֣עַל לֵאמֹ֑ר יָ֤רֶב בּוֹ֙ הַבַּ֔עַל כִּ֥י נָתַ֖ץ אֶֽת־מִזְבְּחֽוֹ׃ פ | And he called him Jerubbaal on that day, and he said, “Let Baal defend himself, because that man has demolished his altar.” | he called him: i.e. Joash called Gideon. See Judg 7:1. |
| Judg 6:33 | וְכָל־מִדְיָ֧ן וַעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | Then all the Midianites and Amalekites and the easterners gathered together, and they went across and encamped in the Valley of Jezreel. |
easterners ← sons of the east.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Judg 6:34 | וְר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לָבְשָׁ֖ה אֶת־גִּדְע֑וֹן וַיִּתְקַע֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיִזָּעֵ֥ק אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And the spirit of the Lord clothed Gideon, and he sounded the ramshorn, and Abiezer was called to assembly after him. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 6:35 | וּמַלְאָכִים֙ שָׁלַ֣ח בְּכָל־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וַיִזָּעֵ֥ק גַּם־ה֖וּא אַחֲרָ֑יו וּמַלְאָכִ֣ים שָׁלַ֗ח בְּאָשֵׁ֤ר וּבִזְבֻלוּן֙ וּבְנַפְתָּלִ֔י וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ לִקְרָאתָֽם׃ | And he sent messengers throughout all the territory of Manasseh, and they too were called to assembly, following him. And he sent messengers to Asher and Zebulun and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them. | they ← he, i.e. the tribe. |
| Judg 6:36 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר גִּדְע֖וֹן אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־יֶשְׁךָ֞ מוֹשִׁ֧יעַ בְּיָדִ֛י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | Then Gideon said to God, “If you are about to save Israel through my intermediacy, as you have said, |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 6:37 | הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֗י מַצִּ֛יג אֶת־גִּזַּ֥ת הַצֶּ֖מֶר בַּגֹּ֑רֶן אִ֡ם טַל֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה עַֽל־הַגִּזָּ֜ה לְבַדָּ֗הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ חֹ֔רֶב וְיָדַעְתִּ֗י כִּֽי־תוֹשִׁ֧יעַ בְּיָדִ֛י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | here I am ready to put the fleece of wool on the threshing floor, to see whether there will be dew on the fleece only and dryness on all the ground, so that I know that it is through my intermediacy that you will save Israel, as you have said.” |
here I am ready to put ← behold me putting.
so that: purposive use of the vav. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 6:38 | וַיְהִי־כֵ֕ן וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּ֖זַר אֶת־הַגִּזָּ֑ה וַיִּ֤מֶץ טַל֙ מִן־הַגִּזָּ֔ה מְל֥וֹא הַסֵּ֖פֶל מָֽיִם׃ | And it was so, and he rose early on the next day, and he wrung the fleece out and extracted dew from the fleece – a full bowl of water. | |
| Judg 6:39 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר גִּדְעוֹן֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אַל־יִ֤חַר אַפְּךָ֙ בִּ֔י וַאֲדַבְּרָ֖ה אַ֣ךְ הַפָּ֑עַם אֲנַסֶּ֤ה נָּא־רַק־הַפַּ֙עַם֙ בַּגִּזָּ֔ה יְהִי־נָ֨א חֹ֤רֶב אֶל־הַגִּזָּה֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יִֽהְיֶה־טָּֽל׃ | Then Gideon said to God, “Do not let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak just once. Please let me do the test just once with the fleece. Let the fleece only be dry, and let there be dew on all the ground.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ground ← land. |
| Judg 6:40 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֛ים כֵּ֖ן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיְהִי־חֹ֤רֶב אֶל־הַגִּזָּה֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ הָ֥יָה טָֽל׃ פ | And God did so on that night, and there was dryness for the fleece only, and on all the ground there was dew. | ground ← land. |
| Judg 7:1 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יְרֻבַּ֜עַל ה֣וּא גִדְע֗וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עַל־עֵ֣ין חֲרֹ֑ד וּמַחֲנֵ֤ה מִדְיָן֙ הָיָה־ל֣וֹ מִצָּפ֔וֹן מִגִּבְעַ֥ת הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה בָּעֵֽמֶק׃ | Then Jerubbaal – that is Gideon – and all the people who were with him arose early and encamped at the source of Harod, while Midian had his camp to the north, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן רַ֗ב הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדָ֑ם פֶּן־יִתְפָּאֵ֨ר עָלַ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָדִ֖י הוֹשִׁ֥יעָה לִּֽי׃ | And the Lord said to Gideon, “The people who are with you are too many for me to deliver Midian into their hands, in case Israel vaunt themselves against me, and they say, ‘My own ability saved me.’ |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ability ← hand. |
| Judg 7:3 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ ס | So now, please proclaim in the audience of the people and say, ‘Whoever is fearful or trembling should return and go back quickly from Mount Gilead.’ ” And twenty-two thousand of the people returned, but ten thousand remained. |
audience ← ears.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 7:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן עוֹד֮ הָעָ֣ם רָב֒ הוֹרֵ֤ד אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑ם וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ זֶ֣ה ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֜ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ זֶ֚ה לֹא־יֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔ךְ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵלֵֽךְ׃ | And the Lord said to Gideon, “The people are still too many. Bring them down to the water, and I will filter them out for you there. And it will be the case that of whomever I say to you, ‘This man will go with you’, he will go with you, and everyone of whom I say to you, ‘This man will not go with you’, he will not go.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
filter them out ← refine it, i.e. the people, collectively. |
| Judg 7:5 | וַיּ֥וֹרֶד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־הַמָּ֑יִם ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יָלֹק֩ בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ מִן־הַמַּ֜יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר יָלֹ֣ק הַכֶּ֗לֶב תַּצִּ֤יג אוֹתוֹ֙ לְבָ֔ד וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֖יו לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | So he led the people down to the water, and the Lord said to Gideon, “Everyone who laps the water with his tongue as a dog laps, set him aside, and also everyone who kneels down to drink.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
aside ← alone. |
| Judg 7:6 | וַיְהִ֗י מִסְפַּ֞ר הַֽמֲלַקְקִ֤ים בְּיָדָם֙ אֶל־פִּיהֶ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וְכֹל֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם כָּרְע֥וּ עַל־בִּרְכֵיהֶ֖ם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מָֽיִם׃ ס | And the number of those who lapped with their hands to their mouth was three hundred men, and all the rest of the people knelt down to drink the water. | |
| Judg 7:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן בִּשְׁלֹשׁ֩ מֵא֨וֹת הָאִ֤ישׁ הַֽמֲלַקְקִים֙ אוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם יֵלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Gideon, “I will save you by the three hundred men who lapped, and I will deliver Midian into your hand. So let all the people go to their own place.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:8 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־צֵדָה֩ הָעָ֨ם בְּיָדָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת שׁוֹפְרֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלַּח֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹֽהָלָ֔יו וּבִשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ הֶֽחֱזִ֑יק וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ מִתַּ֥חַת בָּעֵֽמֶק׃ פ | So the people took provisions in their hand, with their ramshorns, and he sent every man of Israel away to his tent, but he kept hold of the three hundred men. Now Midian had his camp below in the valley. | his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by every. |
| Judg 7:9 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה ק֖וּם רֵ֣ד בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כִּ֥י נְתַתִּ֖יו בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And it came to pass that night that the Lord said to him, “Get up and go down to the camp, for I have delivered it into your hand. | |
| Judg 7:10 | וְאִם־יָרֵ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לָרֶ֑דֶת רֵ֥ד אַתָּ֛ה וּפֻרָ֥ה נַעַרְךָ֖ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | But if you are afraid to go down, you and Purah your servant-boy go down to the camp, | Purah: AV= Phurah, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Judg 7:11 | וְשָֽׁמַעְתָּ֙ מַה־יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ וְאַחַר֙ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדֶ֔יךָ וְיָרַדְתָּ֖ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֵּ֤רֶד הוּא֙ וּפֻרָ֣ה נַעֲר֔וֹ אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַחֲמֻשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | and you will hear what they are saying, and afterwards your hands will be strengthened, and you will go down to the camp.” So he and Purah his servant-boy went down to the edge of the armed men who were in the camp. | Purah: see Judg 7:10. |
| Judg 7:12 | וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃ | And Midian and Amalek and all the easterners were lying in the valley, like locusts in multitude, and their camels were countless, like the sand which is on the sea-shore in abundance. | |
| Judg 7:13 | וַיָּבֹ֣א גִדְע֔וֹן וְהִ֨נֵּה־אִ֔ישׁ מְסַפֵּ֥ר לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ חֲל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֵּ֧ה חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֗מְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה *צלול **צְלִ֜יל לֶ֤חֶם שְׂעֹרִים֙ מִתְהַפֵּךְ֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־הָ֠אֹהֶל וַיַּכֵּ֧הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֛ל וַיַּהַפְכֵ֥הוּ לְמַ֖עְלָה וְנָפַ֥ל הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | Then Gideon came, and what he heard was a man telling his colleague a dream, and he said, “Look, I have had a dream, and what I saw was a loaf of barley bread tumbling into Midian's camp, and it came up to the tent and struck it, and it fell down, and it turned it upside down, so the tent fell down.” |
loaf: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. what he heard was ← behold. look ← behold. what I saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 7:14 | וַיַּ֨עַן רֵעֵ֤הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ין זֹ֔את בִּלְתִּ֗י אִם־חֶ֛רֶב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נָתַ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ | And his colleague answered and said, “This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel. God has delivered Midian and all his camp into his hand.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:15 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ גִּדְע֜וֹן אֶת־מִסְפַּ֧ר הַחֲל֛וֹם וְאֶת־שִׁבְר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ק֔וּמוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה בְּיֶדְכֶ֖ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִדְיָֽן׃ | And it came to pass, when Gideon heard the account of the dream, and its interpretation, that he worshipped and went back to Israel's camp and said, “Arise, for the Lord has delivered Midian's camp into your hand.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:16 | וַיַּ֛חַץ אֶת־שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֑ים וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שׁוֹפָר֤וֹת בְּיַד־כֻּלָּם֙ וְכַדִּ֣ים רֵקִ֔ים וְלַפִּדִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הַכַּדִּֽים׃ | Then he divided the three hundred men into three contingents, and he put ramshorns in each one's hand, and empty jars, with lamps inside the jars, |
contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx].
each ← every. |
| Judg 7:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִמֶּ֥נִּי תִרְא֖וּ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֥י בָא֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה כַאֲשֶׁר־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה כֵּ֥ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃ | and he said to them, “Look at me and act accordingly, and when I come to the edge of the camp, whatever I do, so you do. |
at me ← from me. Idiomatic.
when ← behold. whatever ← it shall be (the case that) whatever. |
| Judg 7:18 | וְתָקַעְתִּי֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר אָנֹכִ֖י וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֑י וּתְקַעְתֶּ֨ם בַּשּׁוֹפָר֜וֹת גַּם־אַתֶּ֗ם סְבִיבוֹת֙ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃ פ | When I sound the ramshorn – I and everyone who is with me – then you also sound the ramshorns yourselves, all around the camp, and say, ‘For the Lord and for Gideon.’ ” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:19 | וַיָּבֹ֣א גִ֠דְעוֹן וּמֵאָה־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֜וֹ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה רֹ֚אשׁ הָאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַתִּֽיכוֹנָ֔ה אַ֛ךְ הָקֵ֥ם הֵקִ֖ימוּ אֶת־הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁ֣וֹפָר֔וֹת וְנָפ֥וֹץ הַכַּדִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיָדָֽם׃ | Then Gideon and the one hundred men who were with him came to the edge of the camp at the start of the middle night-watch – they had only just put the watchmen on duty – and they sounded the ramshorns and broke the jars which were in their hands. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
just put ... on duty: infinitive absolute. broke: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Judg 7:20 | וַֽ֠יִּתְקְעוּ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָרָאשִׁ֥ים בַּשּֽׁוֹפָרוֹת֮ וַיִּשְׁבְּר֣וּ הַכַּדִּים֒ וַיַּחֲזִ֤יקוּ בְיַד־שְׂמאוֹלָם֙ בַּלַּפִּדִ֔ים וּבְיַ֨ד־יְמִינָ֔ם הַשּׁוֹפָר֖וֹת לִתְק֑וֹעַ וַֽיִּקְרְא֔וּ חֶ֥רֶב לַֽיהוָ֖ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃ | So the three contingents sounded the ramshorns and broke the jars, and they held the lamps in their left hand and the ramshorns to sound in their right hand, and they shouted, “A sword for the Lord and for Gideon.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:21 | וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ תַּחְתָּ֔יו סָבִ֖יב לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֧רָץ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה וַיָּרִ֖יעוּ *ויניסו **וַיָּנֽוּסוּ׃ | And each man stood on the spot round about the camp, but all the camp itself ran shouting out and {Q: fled} [K: they put each other to flight]. | on the spot ← under him. |
| Judg 7:22 | וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֮ שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפָרוֹת֒ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת חֶ֥רֶב אִ֛ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ וּבְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֨נָס הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה עַד־בֵּ֤ית הַשִּׁטָּה֙ צְֽרֵרָ֔תָה עַ֛ד שְׂפַת־אָבֵ֥ל מְחוֹלָ֖ה עַל־טַבָּֽת׃ | And the three hundred men sounded their ramshorns, and the Lord set every man's sword against his colleague, and this throughout the camp, and the camp fled to Beth-Shittah of Zererah, to the border of Abel-Meholah, as far as Tabbath. |
throughout ← in all.
Zererah: AV= Zererath. We take the form as locative. |
| Judg 7:23 | וַיִּצָּעֵ֧ק אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִנַּפְתָּלִ֥י וּמִן־אָשֵׁ֖ר וּמִן־כָּל־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | Then the men of Israel and Naphtali and Asher and all of Manasseh were drawn together, and they pursued Midian. | drawn together ← called together. |
| Judg 7:24 | וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Then Gideon sent messengers throughout Mount Ephraim, who said, “Go down against Midian, and capture their water-rich area as far as Beth-Barah and the Jordan.” Then every man of Ephraim was drawn together, and they captured the water-rich area as far as Beth-Barah and the Jordan. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
throughout ← in all. drawn together ← called together. |
| Judg 7:25 | וַֽיִּלְכְּד֡וּ שְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֗ב וַיַּהַרְג֨וּ אֶת־עוֹרֵ֤ב בְּצוּר־עוֹרֵב֙ וְאֶת־זְאֵב֙ הָרְג֣וּ בְיֶֽקֶב־זְאֵ֔ב וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אֶל־מִדְיָ֑ן וְרֹאשׁ־עֹרֵ֣ב וּזְאֵ֔ב הֵבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And they captured two of Midian's commanders, Oreb and Zeeb, and they killed Oreb on the rock of Oreb, and they killed Zeeb in the wine vat of Zeeb, and they pursued Midian, and they brought the head of Oreb and of Zeeb to Gideon across the Jordan. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:1 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֗יִם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְבִלְתִּי֙ קְרֹ֣אות לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בְּמִדְיָ֑ן וַיְרִיב֥וּן אִתּ֖וֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃ | And the men of Ephraim said to him, “What is this thing you have done to us in not calling us, because you went to fight against Midian.” And they argued with him vehemently. | in not calling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 8:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מֶה־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עַתָּ֖ה כָּכֶ֑ם הֲל֗וֹא ט֛וֹב עֹלְל֥וֹת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מִבְצִ֥יר אֲבִיעֶֽזֶר׃ | And he said to them, “What have I done now compared to you? Are not the gleanings of Ephraim better than the whole wine crop of Abiezer? |
compared to ← like, as.
Abiezer: standing for the half-tribe of Manasseh. See Josh 7:3, Judg 6:11. Gideon is appeasing the Ephraimites. |
| Judg 8:3 | בְּיֶדְכֶם֩ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י מִדְיָן֙ אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֔ב וּמַה־יָּכֹ֖לְתִּי עֲשׂ֣וֹת כָּכֶ֑ם אָ֗ז רָפְתָ֤ה רוּחָם֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | God delivered Midian's commanders into your hands – Oreb and Zeeb – and what was I able to do compared to you?” Then their temper against him subsided, when he said these words. |
compared to ← like, as.
their temper against him subsided ← their spirit desisted from against him. these words ← this word. Collective usage. |
| Judg 8:4 | וַיָּבֹ֥א גִדְע֖וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֑נָה עֹבֵ֣ר ה֗וּא וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ עֲיֵפִ֖ים וְרֹדְפִֽים׃ | Then Gideon came to the Jordan. He and the three hundred men who were with him crossed over, weary but pursuing. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Judg 8:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְאַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת תְּנוּ־נָא֙ כִּכְּר֣וֹת לֶ֔חֶם לָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרַגְלָ֑י כִּי־עֲיֵפִ֣ים הֵ֔ם וְאָנֹכִ֗י רֹדֵ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֛י זֶ֥בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֖ע מַלְכֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | And he said to the men of Succoth, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who are following in my footsteps, for they are weary, and I am pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.” | |
| Judg 8:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שָׂרֵ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת הֲ֠כַף זֶ֧בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֛ע עַתָּ֖ה בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־נִתֵּ֥ן לִֽצְבָאֲךָ֖ לָֽחֶם׃ | But the commanders of Succoth said, “Are the palms of the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hands, so that we should give your army bread?” | |
| Judg 8:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֔וֹן לָכֵ֗ן בְּתֵ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֖ע בְּיָדִ֑י וְדַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם אֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִֽים׃ | Then Gideon said, “That presumption is why, when the Lord delivers Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, I will thrash your flesh with the desert thorn bushes and with the briars.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
thrash ← thresh. briars: [AnLx]= threshing sledges. |
| Judg 8:8 | וַיַּ֤עַל מִשָּׁם֙ פְּנוּאֵ֔ל וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כָּזֹ֑את וַיַּעֲנ֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י פְנוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָנ֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃ | Then he went up from there to Penuel and spoke similarly to them, and the men of Penuel answered him in the same way as the men of Succoth answered. | |
| Judg 8:9 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־לְאַנְשֵׁ֥י פְנוּאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בְּשׁוּבִ֣י בְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶתֹּ֖ץ אֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֥ל הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And he also spoke to the men of Penuel and said, “When I return in peace, I will demolish this tower.” | |
| Judg 8:10 | וְזֶ֨בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֜ע בַּקַּרְקֹ֗ר וּמַחֲנֵיהֶ֤ם עִמָּם֙ כַּחֲמֵ֤שֶׁת עָשָׂר֙ אֶ֔לֶף כֹּ֚ל הַנּ֣וֹתָרִ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל מַחֲנֵ֣ה בְנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וְהַנֹּ֣פְלִ֔ים מֵאָ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃ | Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their camps were with them – about fifteen thousand men – all those who remained from the whole camp of the easterners. And those who fell were one hundred and twenty thousand men who drew the sword. | |
| Judg 8:11 | וַיַּ֣עַל גִּדְע֗וֹן דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַשְּׁכוּנֵ֣י בָֽאֳהָלִ֔ים מִקֶּ֥דֶם לְנֹ֖בַח וְיָגְבֳּהָ֑ה וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הָ֥יָה בֶֽטַח׃ | And Gideon went up the road to the tent-dwellers to the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and he attacked the camp, although the camp was secure. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
Jogbehah ← Jogbohah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. although: concessive use of the vav. |
| Judg 8:12 | וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ זֶ֚בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הֶחֱרִֽיד׃ | And Zebah and Zalmunna fled, and he pursued them, and he captured the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and he routed the whole camp. | routed ← made fear, but also, with [BDB], routed. |
| Judg 8:13 | וַיָּ֛שָׁב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה מִֽלְמַעֲלֵ֖ה הֶחָֽרֶס׃ | Then Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle before sunrise. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:14 | וַיִּלְכָּד־נַ֛עַר מֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּ֖וֹת וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֑הוּ וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב אֵלָ֜יו אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י סֻכּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־זְקֵנֶ֔יהָ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה אִֽישׁ׃ | And he took a boy-servant of the men of Succoth, and he questioned him, and the boy described the chief men of Succoth to him, and its elders – seventy-seven men. | the boy ← he. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Judg 8:15 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר֩ חֵרַפְתֶּ֨ם אוֹתִ֜י לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲ֠כַף זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֤ע עַתָּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י נִתֵּ֛ן לַאֲנָשֶׁ֥יךָ הַיְּעֵפִ֖ים לָֽחֶם׃ | Then Gideon went to the men of Succoth, and he said, “Here are Zebah and Zalmunna, about whom you reproached me and said, ‘Are the palms of the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hands, so that we should give your weary men bread?’ ” |
Gideon ← he. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. On Gideon, see Num 1:11.
here are ← behold. |
| Judg 8:16 | וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣דַע בָּהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃ | And he took the elders of the city, and the desert thorn bushes, and the briars, with which he gave the men of Succoth a lesson. |
briars: see Judg 8:7.
with which ← and with them. |
| Judg 8:17 | וְאֶת־מִגְדַּ֥ל פְּנוּאֵ֖ל נָתָ֑ץ וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | And he demolished the tower of Penuel, and he killed the men of the city. | |
| Judg 8:18 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶל־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶל־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע אֵיפֹה֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲרַגְתֶּ֖ם בְּתָב֑וֹר וַֽיֹּאמרוּ֙ כָּמ֣וֹךָ כְמוֹהֶ֔ם אֶחָ֕ד כְּתֹ֖אַר בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men were they that you killed at Tabor?” And they answered, “As you are, so were they. Each one had the appearance of the king's sons.” | |
| Judg 8:19 | וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אַחַ֥י בְּנֵֽי־אִמִּ֖י הֵ֑ם חַי־יְהוָ֗ה ל֚וּ הַחֲיִתֶ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הָרַ֖גְתִּי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Then he said, “They were my brothers – my mother's sons. As the Lord lives, if you had let them live, I would not kill you.” | |
| Judg 8:20 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃ | And he said to Jether his firstborn, “Arise and kill them.” But the lad did not draw his sword, for he was afraid, for he was still only a lad. | |
| Judg 8:21 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע ק֤וּם אַתָּה֙ וּפְגַע־בָּ֔נוּ כִּ֥י כָאִ֖ישׁ גְּבוּרָת֑וֹ וַיָּ֣קָם גִּדְע֗וֹן וַֽיַּהֲרֹג֙ אֶת־זֶ֣בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הַשַּׂ֣הֲרֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃ | Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “You arise and fall on us. For as a man is, so is his valour.” Then Gideon arose and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and he took the crescent ornaments which were on the camels' necks. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:22 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מְשָׁל־בָּ֙נוּ֙ גַּם־אַתָּ֔ה גַּם־בִּנְךָ֖ גַּ֣ם בֶּן־בְּנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י הוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖נוּ מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃ | And the men of Israel said to Gideon, “You rule over us – in turn you and your son and your grandson – for you have saved us from the hand of Midian.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
in turn ← also ... also ... also, but the semantic scope is wider. |
| Judg 8:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ גִּדְע֔וֹן לֹֽא־אֶמְשֹׁ֤ל אֲנִי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בְּנִ֖י בָּכֶ֑ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶֽם׃ | But Gideon said to them, “I shall not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. The Lord will rule over you.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם גִּדְע֗וֹן אֶשְׁאֲלָ֤ה מִכֶּם֙ שְׁאֵלָ֔ה וּתְנוּ־לִ֕י אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֣זֶם שְׁלָל֑וֹ כִּֽי־נִזְמֵ֤י זָהָב֙ לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים הֵֽם׃ | And Gideon said to them, “Let me ask you a request. Give me every man's earring which he has as his spoil.” For they had golden earrings, for the Midianites were Ishmaelites. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
earring ... earrings: perhaps, noserings. See Gen 24:47. the Midianites ← they. Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25. |
| Judg 8:25 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נָת֣וֹן נִתֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִ֣יכוּ שָׁ֔מָּה אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥זֶם שְׁלָלֽוֹ׃ | And they said, “We will certainly give them.” And they spread out a garment, and each man cast there his earring which he had as his spoil. |
we will certainly give: infinitive absolute.
a garment ← the garment. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 8:26 | וַיְהִ֗י מִשְׁקַ֞ל נִזְמֵ֤י הַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶ֥לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֖וֹת זָהָ֑ב לְ֠בַד מִן־הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִ֨ים וְהַנְּטִפ֜וֹת וּבִגְדֵ֣י הָאַרְגָּמָ֗ן שֶׁעַל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֔ן וּלְבַד֙ מִן־הָ֣עֲנָק֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃ | And the weight of the golden earrings which he requested was one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold, apart from the crescent ornaments and the pendants and the purple clothes which were on the kings of Midian, and apart from the necklaces which were on the camels' necks. | |
| Judg 8:27 | וַיַּעַשׂ֩ אוֹת֨וֹ גִדְע֜וֹן לְאֵפ֗וֹד וַיַּצֵּ֨ג אוֹת֤וֹ בְעִירוֹ֙ בְּעָפְרָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֧וּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אַחֲרָ֖יו שָׁ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י לְגִדְע֥וֹן וּלְבֵית֖וֹ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ | And Gideon made these things into an ephod, and he put it in his city, in Ophrah, and the whole of Israel went whoring after it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and his household. |
Gideon (2x): see Num 1:11.
these things ← it. |
| Judg 8:28 | וַיִּכָּנַ֣ע מִדְיָ֗ן לִפְנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א יָסְפ֖וּ לָשֵׂ֣את רֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֛רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בִּימֵ֥י גִדְעֽוֹן׃ פ | So Midian was subdued before the sons of Israel, and they did not assert themselves any more, and the land was quiet for forty years in the days of Gideon. |
assert themselves ← raise their head.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:29 | וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ יְרֻבַּ֥עַל בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | Then Jerubbaal the son of Joash departed, and he dwelt in his house. | Jerubbaal: i.e. Gideon. See Judg 6:32, Judg 7:1. |
| Judg 8:30 | וּלְגִדְע֗וֹן הָיוּ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים בָּנִ֔ים יֹצְאֵ֖י יְרֵכ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נָשִׁ֥ים רַבּ֖וֹת הָ֥יוּ לֽוֹ׃ | And Gideon had seventy sons – those who came from his thighs – for he had many wives. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:31 | וּפִֽילַגְשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁכֶ֔ם יָֽלְדָה־לּ֥וֹ גַם־הִ֖יא בֵּ֑ן וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And his concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he gave him the name Abimelech. | |
| Judg 8:32 | וַיָּ֛מָת גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה טוֹבָ֑ה וַיִּקָּבֵ֗ר בְּקֶ֙בֶר֙ יוֹאָ֣שׁ אָבִ֔יו בְּעָפְרָ֖ה אֲבִ֥י הָֽעֶזְרִֽי׃ פ | And Gideon the son of Joash died at a good old age, and he was buried in the grave of Joash his father, the Abi-Ezrite, in Ophrah. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
old age ← grey hair. Joash ... Abi-Ezrite: AV differs, linking Abi-Ezrite to Ophrah, but the singular noun and Judg 6:11 support linking with Joash. |
| Judg 8:33 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת גִּדְע֔וֹן וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּזְנ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַבְּעָלִ֑ים וַיָּשִׂ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בַּ֥עַל בְּרִ֖ית לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And it came to pass, when Gideon died, that the sons of Israel went whoring after the Baalim again, and they made Baal-Berith their god. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:34 | וְלֹ֤א זָֽכְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הַמַּצִּ֥יל אוֹתָ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | And the sons of Israel did not remember the Lord their God, who saved them from the hand of all their enemies round about. | |
| Judg 8:35 | וְלֹֽא־עָשׂ֣וּ חֶ֔סֶד עִם־בֵּ֥ית יְרֻבַּ֖עַל גִּדְע֑וֹן כְּכָל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Nor did they deal kindly with the house of Jerubbaal – Gideon – for all the good which he did with Israel. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 9:1 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבַּ֙עַל֙ שְׁכֶ֔מָה אֶל־אֲחֵ֖י אִמּ֑וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶל־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּ֛חַת בֵּית־אֲבִ֥י אִמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem, to his mother's brothers, and he spoke to them and to the whole family of his mother's father's house, and he said, | |
| Judg 9:2 | דַּבְּרוּ־נָ֞א בְּאָזְנֵ֨י כָל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶם֮ מַה־טּ֣וֹב לָכֶם֒ הַמְשֹׁ֨ל בָּכֶ֜ם שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ כֹּ֚ל בְּנֵ֣י יְרֻבַּ֔עַל אִם־מְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וּזְכַרְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־עַצְמֵכֶ֥ם וּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖ם אָנִֽי׃ | “Please speak in the audience of all the lords of Shechem, and say, ‘What is better for you: seventy men to rule over you – all of Jerubbaal's sons – or for one man to rule over you? And remember that I am your bone and your flesh.’ ” |
audience ← ears.
your bone and your flesh: in the English idiom, your flesh and blood. |
| Judg 9:3 | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲחֵֽי־אִמּ֜וֹ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָזְנֵי֙ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּ֤ט לִבָּם֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ אָחִ֥ינוּ הֽוּא׃ | So his mother's brothers spoke concerning him all these words in the audience of all the lords of Shechem, and their heart inclined towards Abimelech, for they said, “He is our brother.” | audience ← ears. |
| Judg 9:4 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף מִבֵּ֖יתּ בַ֣עַל בְּרִ֑ית וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר בָּהֶ֜ם אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים רֵיקִים֙ וּפֹ֣חֲזִ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the house of Baal-Berith, with which Abimelech hired some idle and reckless men, and they followed him. | |
| Judg 9:5 | וַיָּבֹ֤א בֵית־אָבִיו֙ עָפְרָ֔תָה וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֞ג אֶת־אֶחָ֧יו בְּנֵֽי־יְרֻבַּ֛עַל שִׁבְּעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל־אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֞ר יוֹתָ֧ם בֶּן־יְרֻבַּ֛עַל הַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּ֥י נֶחְבָּֽא׃ ס | And he went to his father's house, to Ophrah, and he killed his brothers – the sons of Jerubbaal, seventy men – on one stone, but Jotham, Jerubbaal's youngest son, was left remaining, because he hid himself. |
brothers: standing for half-brothers, having Gideon as their father.
hid himself: or was hidden, but niphal can be reflexive, and [AnLx] gives conceal oneself. |
| Judg 9:6 | וַיֵּאָ֨סְפ֜וּ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ לְמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם־אֵל֥וֹן מֻצָּ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And all the lords of Shechem, and the whole house of Millo gathered together, and they departed and made Abimelech king by the oak which had been set up in Shechem. |
by ← with.
oak ... set up: AV differs somewhat (plain of the pillar). Compare Judg 9:37. |
| Judg 9:7 | וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְיוֹתָ֗ם וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַר־גְּרִזִ֔ים וַיִּשָּׂ֥א קוֹל֖וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וְיִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And it was reported to Jotham, and he departed and stood on the summit of Mount Gerizim, and he raised his voice and called out and said to them, “Listen to me, you lords of Shechem, so that God may listen to you. |
it was reported ← they reported. Avoidance of the passive. Those reporting would not be the people in the previous verse, which is what would be suggested by the active in English (And they reported ...).
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 9:8 | הָל֤וֹךְ הָֽלְכוּ֙ הָעֵצִ֔ים לִמְשֹׁ֥חַ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לַזַּ֖יִת *מלוכה **מָלְכָ֥ה עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | The trees went purposefully to anoint a king over them, and they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ |
reign: the ketiv and qeré are similar forms of the same verb, with the same meaning.
went purposefully: infinitive absolute. Alternatively, the infinitive absolute is a formula for introducing the parable: Once upon a time the trees went .... |
| Judg 9:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַזַּ֔יִת הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־דִּשְׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־בִּ֛י יְכַבְּד֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the olive tree said to them, ‘Should I give up my fatness, by which through me they honour God and men, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: perhaps by coincidence, both the Hebrew and our English use a word meaning swing about and, [Ges-HCL], rule over. |
| Judg 9:10 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַתְּאֵנָ֑ה לְכִי־אַ֖תְּ מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the trees said to the fig tree, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | |
| Judg 9:11 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַתְּאֵנָ֔ה הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־מָתְקִ֔י וְאֶת־תְּנוּבָתִ֖י הַטּוֹבָ֑ה וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the fig tree said to them, ‘Should I give up my sweetness and my good produce, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: see Judg 9:9. |
| Judg 9:12 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַגָּ֑פֶן לְכִי־אַ֖תְּ *מלוכי **מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the trees said to the vine, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | reign: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Judg 9:13 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַגֶּ֔פֶן הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־תִּ֣ירוֹשִׁ֔י הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the vine said to them, ‘Should I give up my new wine which cheers up God and men, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: see Judg 9:9. |
| Judg 9:14 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ כָל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֶל־הָאָטָ֑ד לֵ֥ךְ אַתָּ֖ה מְלָךְ־עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then all the trees said to the blackthorn, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | |
| Judg 9:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָאָטָד֮ אֶל־הָעֵצִים֒ אִ֡ם בֶּאֱמֶ֣ת אַתֶּם֩ מֹשְׁחִ֨ים אֹתִ֤י לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בֹּ֖אוּ חֲס֣וּ בְצִלִּ֑י וְאִם־אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הָ֣אָטָ֔ד וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת־אַרְזֵ֥י הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ | And the blackthorn said to the trees, ‘If you truly anoint me as king over you, come and put your trust in my shadow; and if you do not, let fire come out of the blackthorn and devour the cedars of Lebanon.’ | |
| Judg 9:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֤ת וּבְתָמִים֙ עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם וַתַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וְאִם־טוֹבָ֤ה עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ עִם־יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאִם־כִּגְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו עֲשִׂ֥יתֶם לֽוֹ׃ | So now, if you acted truthfully and with integrity when you made Abimelech king, and if you acted correctly with Jerubbaal and with his house, and if you dealt with him according to his just deserts, | his just deserts ← the recompense of his hands. |
| Judg 9:17 | אֲשֶׁר־נִלְחַ֥ם אָבִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃ | in that my father fought for you, and he put his life in jeopardy and saved you from Midian's grip |
life ← soul.
in jeopardy ← at the front. grip ← hand. |
| Judg 9:18 | וְאַתֶּ֞ם קַמְתֶּ֨ם עַל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וַתַּהַרְג֧וּ אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל־אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַתַּמְלִ֜יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲמָתוֹ֙ עַל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֲחִיכֶ֖ם הֽוּא׃ | (and you have risen up against the house of my father today, and you have killed his sons – seventy men – on one stone, and you have made Abimelech, his maid's son, king over the lords of Shechem, because he is your brother), | |
| Judg 9:19 | וְאִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֨ת וּבְתָמִ֧ים עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־יְרֻבַּ֥עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֖וֹ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְיִשְׂמַ֥ח גַּם־ה֖וּא בָּכֶֽם׃ | so if you have dealt truthfully and with integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, rejoice in Abimelech and let him also rejoice in you. | |
| Judg 9:20 | וְאִם־אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מֵאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְתֹאכַ֛ל אֶת־בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֑וֹא וְתֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִבַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וּמִבֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech and consume the lords of Shechem and the house of Millo, and let fire come from the lords of Shechem and the house of Millo and consume Abimelech.” | |
| Judg 9:21 | וַיָּ֣נָס יוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בְּאֵ֑רָה וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י אֲבִימֶ֥לֶךְ אָחִֽיו׃ פ | Then Jotham fled and bolted, and he went to Beer, and he lived there because of Abimelech his brother. | |
| Judg 9:22 | וַיָּ֧שַׂר אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שָׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | And Abimelech was prince over Israel for three years. | |
| Judg 9:23 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֱלֹהִים֙ ר֣וּחַ רָעָ֔ה בֵּ֣ין אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וּבֵ֖ין בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ בַעֲלֵי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | Then God sent an untoward spirit between Abimelech and the lords of Shechem, and the lords of Shechem acted treacherously against Abimelech, | |
| Judg 9:24 | לָב֕וֹא חֲמַ֖ס שִׁבְעִ֣ים בְּנֵֽי־יְרֻבָּ֑עַל וְדָמָ֗ם לָשׂ֞וּם עַל־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ אֲחִיהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָרַ֣ג אוֹתָ֔ם וְעַל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־חִזְּק֥וּ אֶת־יָדָ֖יו לַהֲרֹ֥ג אֶת־אֶחָֽיו׃ | so that the violence against the seventy sons of Jerubbaal should come to a head, and to lay their blood on Abimelech their brother, because he killed them, and on the lords of Shechem, because they abetted him in killing his brothers. |
abetted him ← strengthened his hands.
in killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:25 | וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לוֹ֩ בַעֲלֵ֨י שְׁכֶ֜ם מְאָרְבִ֗ים עַ֚ל רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֔ים וַיִּגְזְל֗וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲבֹ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And the lords of Shechem set up men in ambush against him on the summits of the mountains, and they robbed everyone who came across them on the road, and it was reported to Abimelech. | |
| Judg 9:26 | וַיָּבֹ֞א גַּ֤עַל בֶּן־עֶ֙בֶד֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ בִּשְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְטְחוּ־ב֖וֹ בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶֽם׃ | Then Gaal the son of Ebed and his brothers came and crossed over to Shechem, and the lords of Shechem put their trust in him. | |
| Judg 9:27 | וַיֵּצְא֨וּ הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה וַֽיִּבְצְר֤וּ אֶת־כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙ וַֽיִּדְרְכ֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ הִלּוּלִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אֱֽלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַֽיְקַלְל֖וּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And they went out into the fields and harvested their vineyards and trod the grapes, and they held thanksgiving celebrations, and they went to the house of their god, and they ate and drank, and they cursed Abimelech. | fields ← field, but also countryside, fields. |
| Judg 9:28 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֗בֶד מִֽי־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ וּמִֽי־שְׁכֶם֙ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ הֲלֹ֥א בֶן־יְרֻבַּ֖עַל וּזְבֻ֣ל פְּקִיד֑וֹ עִבְד֗וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י חֲמוֹר֙ אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וּמַדּ֖וּעַ נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | And Gaal the son of Ebed said, “Who is Abimelech and who is Shechem that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal? And is not Zebul his officer? Serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem. So why should we serve this one? | this one ← him. |
| Judg 9:29 | וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדִ֔י וְאָסִ֖ירָה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ רַבֶּ֥ה צְבָאֲךָ֖ וָצֵֽאָה׃ | And if only this people was in my power! Then I would remove Abimelech.” And he said to Abimelech, “Increase your army and come out!” |
if only ← who will give?
And he said to Abimelech: perhaps said ironically as if calling from a distance, knowing that he will not actually be heard. |
| Judg 9:30 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע זְבֻל֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עָ֑בֶד וַיִּ֖חַר אַפּֽוֹ׃ | And when Zebul the chief officer of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled. | |
| Judg 9:31 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בְּתָרְמָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּה֩ גַ֨עַל בֶּן־עֶ֤בֶד וְאֶחָיו֙ בָּאִ֣ים שְׁכֶ֔מָה וְהִנָּ֛ם צָרִ֥ים אֶת־הָעִ֖יר עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | And he sent messengers to Abimelech clandestinely and said, “Look, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brothers are coming to Shechem, and what they are doing is stirring up the city against you. |
clandestinely: rather than craftily, because the craft is against Gaal.
look ← behold. what they are doing is ← behold them. |
| Judg 9:32 | וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם לַ֔יְלָה אַתָּ֖ה וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתָּ֑ךְ וֶאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | So now, arise by night, you and the people who are with you, and set an ambush in the countryside. | |
| Judg 9:33 | וְהָיָ֤ה בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ תַּשְׁכִּ֖ים וּפָשַׁטְתָּ֣ עַל־הָעִ֑יר וְהִנֵּה־ה֞וּא וְהָעָ֤ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֙ יֹצְאִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֥א יָדֶֽךָ׃ ס | So what you should do is, in the morning, when the sun rises, get up early and invade the city, and when he and the people with him come out against you, do to him whatever is fitting.” |
so what you should do is ← and it will be. Idiomatic.
when ← behold. he ... him: i.e. Gaal. whatever is fitting ← as your hand finds. |
| Judg 9:34 | וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֖וֹ לָ֑יְלָה וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּ עַל־שְׁכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה רָאשִֽׁים׃ | So Abimelech and all the people who were with him arose at night and lay in ambush against Shechem, in four contingents. | contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx]. |
| Judg 9:35 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֔בֶד וַיַּעֲמֹ֕ד פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְהָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ מִן־הַמַּאְרָֽב׃ | Then when Gaal the son of Ebed came out and stood at the entrance of the gate of the city, Abimelech and the people with him arose from the ambush. | |
| Judg 9:36 | וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה־עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ ס | And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, “Look, a people is coming down from the summits of the mountains.” But Zebul said to him, “You are mistaking the shadow of the mountain for men.” | mistaking ← seeing. |
| Judg 9:37 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֣וֹד גַּעַל֮ לְדַבֵּר֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־עָם֙ יֽוֹרְדִ֔ים מֵעִ֖ם טַבּ֣וּר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹאשׁ־אֶחָ֣ד בָּ֔א מִדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵל֥וֹן מְעוֹנְנִֽים׃ | Then Gaal spoke yet again and said, “Look, a people is coming down from the height of the land, and one contingent is coming by the way of the oak of Meonenim.” |
contingent ← head, but also company [AnLx].
oak: AV differs somewhat (plain). Compare Judg 9:6. |
| Judg 9:38 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו זְבֻ֗ל אַיֵּ֨ה אֵפ֥וֹא פִ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר מִ֥י אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ הֲלֹ֨א זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָאַ֣סְתָּה בּ֔וֹ צֵא־נָ֥א עַתָּ֖ה וְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃ ס | Then Zebul said to him, “Where is your mouth now, with which you might say, ‘Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him?’? Is this not the people whom you rejected? Come on out now and fight them!” | where ... who: two questions asked, one in nested direct speech, whence the unusual conjunction of question marks. |
| Judg 9:39 | וַיֵּ֣צֵא גַ֔עַל לִפְנֵ֖י בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | Then Gaal came out in the presence of the lords of Shechem, and he fought against Abimelech. | |
| Judg 9:40 | וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֣הוּ אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖נָס מִפָּנָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּל֛וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And Abimelech pursued him, and he fled before him, and many fell wounded up to the entrance of the gate. | wounded: or slain. |
| Judg 9:41 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בָּארוּמָ֑ה וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ זְבֻ֛ל אֶת־גַּ֥עַל וְאֶת־אֶחָ֖יו מִשֶּׁ֥בֶת בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And Abimelech lived in Arumah, and Zebul drove out Gaal and his brothers, stopping them from living in Shechem. | from living: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:42 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּצֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And it came to pass on the next day when the people went out into the fields that it was reported to Abimelech. |
fields ← field, but also wider usage, countryside, fields.
it was reported to ← they told. Avoidance of the passive, but the passive is useful in English to indicate a change of subject (the people ... those who reported). |
| Judg 9:43 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֗ם וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֔ים וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיָּ֥קָם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיַּכֵּֽם׃ | And he took his people and divided them into three contingents, and he lay in ambush in the fields, and he looked, and what he saw was the people coming out of the city. And he rose up against them and struck them. |
contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx].
fields ← field, but also wider usage, countryside, fields. what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 9:44 | וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃ | And Abimelech and the contingents which were with him made an onslaught, and they took up position at the entrance of the gate of the city, and two contingents made an onslaught against everyone in the fields and struck them down. | contingents: AV differs somewhat (company), singular. The AV also supplies other with the two “companies” mentioned. |
| Judg 9:45 | וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃ פ | And Abimelech fought in the city all that day, and he took the city, and he killed the people who were in it, and he demolished the city and sowed it with salt. | |
| Judg 9:46 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּֽל־בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־צְרִ֔יחַ בֵּ֖ית אֵ֥ל בְּרִֽית׃ | Then when all the lords of the tower of Shechem heard it, they went to the watchtower of the house of El-Berith. | El-Berith: AV differs (the god Berith), which is also possible. |
| Judg 9:47 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י הִֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּ כָּֽל־בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶֽם׃ | And it was reported to Abimelech that all the lords of the tower of Shechem had gathered together. | |
| Judg 9:48 | וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר־צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ | Then Abimelech went up to Mount Zalmon – he and all the people who were with him – and Abimelech took axes in his hand and cut off a bough from one of the trees, and he lifted it up and put it on his shoulder, and he said to the people who were with him, “What you have seen me do, hurry up and do the same as me.” | as me: or, if the reader prefers, as I. |
| Judg 9:49 | וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ גַם־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ שׂוֹכֹ֗ה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֤י אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עַֽל־הַצְּרִ֔יחַ וַיַּצִּ֧יתוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם אֶֽת־הַצְּרִ֖יחַ בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיָּמֻ֜תוּ גַּ֣ם כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֧י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶ֛ם כְּאֶ֖לֶף אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשָּֽׁה׃ פ | So all the people also each cut off a bough, and they followed Abimelech, and they put them against the watchtower, and with them they set fire to the watchtower, and all the men of the tower of Shechem also died – about a thousand men and women. | a bough: MT pointing reads his bough, but the consonantal text does not support that, the basic form of the word being שׂוֹכָה, sochah; compare the previous verse. |
| Judg 9:50 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־תֵּבֵ֑ץ וַיִּ֥חַן בְּתֵבֵ֖ץ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃ | Then Abimelech went to Thebez, and he encamped at Thebez, and he captured it. | Thebez (2x) ← Tebez, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Judg 9:51 | וּמִגְדַּל־עֹז֮ הָיָ֣ה בְתוֹךְ־הָעִיר֒ וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ שָׁ֜מָּה כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֗ים וְכֹל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וַֽיִּסְגְּר֖וּ בַּעֲדָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ עַל־גַּ֥ג הַמִּגְדָּֽל׃ | Now there was a strong tower inside the city, and all the men and women and all the lords of the city fled there, and they closed it behind them, and they went up onto the roof of the tower. | |
| Judg 9:52 | וַיָּבֹ֤א אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַד־הַמִּגְדָּ֔ל וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֛שׁ עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַמִּגְדָּ֖ל לְשָׂרְפ֥וֹ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And Abimelech went to the tower, and he attacked it, and he approached the entrance of the tower to set it on fire. | set it on fire ← burn it with fire. |
| Judg 9:53 | וַתַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחַ֛ת פֶּ֥לַח רֶ֖כֶב עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַתָּ֖רִץ אֶת־גֻּלְגָּלְתּֽוֹ׃ | And a certain woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech's head, and it crushed his skull. | |
| Judg 9:54 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א מְהֵרָ֜ה אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁלֹ֤ף חַרְבְּךָ֙ וּמ֣וֹתְתֵ֔נִי פֶּן־יֹ֥אמְרוּ לִ֖י אִשָּׁ֣ה הֲרָגָ֑תְהוּ וַיִּדְקְרֵ֥הוּ נַעֲר֖וֹ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And he quickly called the servant-lad carrying his equipment, and he said to him, “Draw your sword and kill me, so that they do not say about me, ‘A woman killed him.’ ” So his servant thrust him through, and he died. | |
| Judg 9:55 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, each man went to his place. | |
| Judg 9:56 | וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֖ת רָעַ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְאָבִ֔יו לַהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶחָֽיו׃ | So God requited Abimelech's wickedness which he committed against his father, in killing his seventy brothers. | in killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:57 | וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־רָעַת֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם הֵשִׁ֥יב אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּרֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קִֽלֲלַ֖ת יוֹתָ֥ם בֶּן־יְרֻבָּֽעַל׃ פ | And God requited all the wickedness of the men of Shechem on their head, and the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal came upon them. | |
| Judg 10:1 | וַיָּקָם֩ אַחֲרֵ֨י אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל תּוֹלָ֧ע בֶּן־פּוּאָ֛ה בֶּן־דּוֹד֖וֹ אִ֣ישׁ יִשָּׂשכָ֑ר וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּשָׁמִ֖יר בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Then after Abimelech was gone, Tola, the son of Puah, the son of Dodo, arose to save Israel – a man of Issachar – and he lived in Shamir at Mount Ephraim. | after Abimelech was gone: without the ellipsis supplied, the English sounds as though Abimelech had arisen to save Israel. |
| Judg 10:2 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֖מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּשָׁמִֽיר׃ פ | And he judged Israel for twenty-three years, then he died and was buried in Shamir. | |
| Judg 10:3 | וַיָּ֣קָם אַחֲרָ֔יו יָאִ֖יר הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃ | And after him Jair the Gileadite arose, and he judged Israel for twenty-two years. | Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:4 | וַֽיְהִי־ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים רֹֽכְבִים֙ עַל־שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים עֲיָרִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים עֲיָרִ֖ים לָהֶ֑ם לָהֶ֞ם יִקְרְא֣וּ ׀ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֗יר עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And he had thirty sons who rode on thirty ass-colts, and they had thirty cities, and they call them the Villages of Jair up to this day, which are in the land of Gilead. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:5 | וַיָּ֣מָת יָאִ֔יר וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקָמֽוֹן׃ פ | Then Jair died, and he was buried in Camon. | |
| Judg 10:6 | וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ׃ | Then the sons of Israel again did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and they served the Baalim, and images of Astarte, and the gods of Aramaea, and the gods of Sidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines. But they forsook the Lord, and they did not serve him. |
images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Judg 10:7 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the sons of Ammon. | |
| Judg 10:8 | וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And they crushed and oppressed the sons of Israel in that year – for eighteen years all the sons of Israel who were on the other side of the Jordan in the land of the Amorites who were in Gilead. |
eighteen years: not part of the missing 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi (Judg 3:8), perhaps because only a small part of Israel is involved.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:9 | וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְהִלָּחֵ֛ם גַּם־בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖ין וּבְבֵ֣ית אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֥צֶר לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְאֹֽד׃ | Then the sons of Ammon crossed the Jordan to fight against both Judah and Benjamin, as well as the house of Ephraim, and Israel was in a serious strait. | |
| Judg 10:10 | וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ פ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord and said, “We have sinned against you, because we have both forsaken our God and we have served the Baalim.” | |
| Judg 10:11 | וַ֥יֹּאמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמִן־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then the Lord said to the sons of Israel, “Is it not from Egypt and from the Amorites and from the sons of Ammon and from the Philistines that I saved you? | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 10:12 | וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם׃ | And when the Sidonians and Amalek and Maon oppressed you, you cried out to me, and I saved you from their hand. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidonians. |
| Judg 10:13 | וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | But you forsook me, and you served other gods. That is why I shall not save you again. | |
| Judg 10:14 | לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם׃ | Go and cry out to the gods that you have chosen. Let them save you in the time of your distress.” | |
| Judg 10:15 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אנוּ עֲשֵׂה־אַתָּ֣ה לָ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֛ךְ הַצִּילֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then the sons of Israel said to the Lord, “We have sinned. Deal with us in whatever way is right in your sight, but please deliver us this day.” | in whatever ← according to every. |
| Judg 10:16 | וַיָּסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ מִקִּרְבָּ֔ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בַּעֲמַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then they removed the foreign gods from their midst, and they served the Lord, and he became impatient over Israel's suffering. |
foreign gods ← gods of foreignness, a Hebraic genitive.
he became impatient ← his soul became short. |
| Judg 10:17 | וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | Then the sons of Ammon were mobilized, and they encamped at Gilead. And the sons of Israel gathered and encamped in Mizpah. |
mobilized ← called together.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 10:18 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ פ | And the people – the officers of Gilead – said to each other, “Who is the man who will start fighting the sons of Ammon? He will be the head of all the inhabitants of Gilead.” | Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:1 | וְיִפְתָּ֣ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֗י הָיָה֙ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל וְה֖וּא בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶת־יִפְתָּֽח׃ | Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, and he was the son of a harlot woman, and it was Gilead who begot Jephthah. |
Jephthah ← Jiphtah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Gileadite ... Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:2 | וַתֵּ֧לֶד אֵֽשֶׁת־גִּלְעָ֛ד ל֖וֹ בָּנִ֑ים וַיִּגְדְּל֨וּ בְֽנֵי־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה וַיְגָרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־יִפְתָּ֗ח וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־תִנְחַ֣ל בְּבֵית־אָבִ֔ינוּ כִּ֛י בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחֶ֖רֶת אָֽתָּה׃ | And Gilead's wife bore him sons, and his wife's sons grew up and drove Jephthah out, and they said to him, “You will not inherit anything in our father's house, for you are the son of another woman.” |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:3 | וַיִּבְרַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֶחָ֔יו וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ ט֑וֹב וַיִּֽתְלַקְּט֤וּ אֶל־יִפְתָּח֙ אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רֵיקִ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | At this Jephthah fled from his brothers, and he dwelt in the land of Tob, and some idle men gathered around Jephthah and went out with him. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:4 | וַיְהִ֖י מִיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass after a number of days that the sons of Ammon fought against Israel. | fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 11:5 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁר־נִלְחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד לָקַ֥חַת אֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ טֽוֹב׃ | And it so happened as the sons of Ammon were fighting against Israel, that the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah from the land of Tob. |
fighting against ← fighting with. See Gen 14:8.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְיִפְתָּ֔ח לְכָ֕ה וְהָיִ֥יתָה לָּ֖נוּ לְקָצִ֑ין וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And they said to Jephthah, “Come and be our leader, and let us fight against the sons of Ammon.” | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ לְזִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד הֲלֹ֤א אַתֶּם֙ שְׂנֵאתֶ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתְּגָרְשׁ֖וּנִי מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וּמַדּ֜וּעַ בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ עַ֔תָּה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צַ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ | Then Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “Have you not hated me and driven me out of my father's house? So why have you come to me now that you are in a strait?” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:8 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ זִקְנֵ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֗ח לָכֵן֙ עַתָּה֙ שַׁ֣בְנוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֖ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיִ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ | And the elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, “This is why we have now turned to you: for you to come with us and fight against the sons of Ammon, and you will be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.” |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִפְתָּ֜ח אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֗ד אִם־מְשִׁיבִ֨ים אַתֶּ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ לְהִלָּחֵם֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וְנָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אוֹתָ֖ם לְפָנָ֑י אָנֹכִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְרֹֽאשׁ׃ | Then Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “If you are bringing me back to fight against the sons of Ammon, when the Lord has delivered them before me, then I will be your head.” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:10 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ זִקְנֵֽי־גִלְעָ֖ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֑ח יְהוָ֗ה יִהְיֶ֤ה שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ בֵּֽינוֹתֵ֔ינוּ אִם־לֹ֥א כִדְבָרְךָ֖ כֵּ֥ן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Then the elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, “May the Lord hold us to account if we do not act according to your words.” |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. hold us to account ← hear between us. words ← word. |
| Judg 11:11 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יִפְתָּח֙ עִם־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֥ם אוֹת֛וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְרֹ֣אשׁ וּלְקָצִ֑ין וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֧ח אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָ֛יו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ פ | Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people appointed him to be head over them and a leader, and Jephthah spoke all his words before the Lord in Mizpah. |
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 11:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר מַה־לִּ֣י וָלָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־בָ֥אתָ אֵלַ֖י לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם בְּאַרְצִֽי׃ | Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of the sons of Ammon and said, “What is the issue between me and you that you should come to me to fight in my land?” | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:13 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֗ח כִּֽי־לָקַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־אַרְצִי֙ בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֖ק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֕ה הָשִׁ֥יבָה אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And the king of the sons of Ammon said to Jephthah's messengers, “Because Israel took my land when it came up from Egypt, from the Arnon to the Jabbok and up to the Jordan. So now, give it back in peace.” |
my land: this could be re-pointed to my lands; see below.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. it ← them, referring to land, which could be re-pointed to lands. |
| Judg 11:14 | וַיּ֥וֹסֶף ע֖וֹד יִפְתָּ֑ח וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then Jephthah sent messengers again to the king of the sons of Ammon, | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יִפְתָּ֑ח לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | and he said to him, “This is what Jephthah says: ‘Israel did not take the land of Moab or the land of the sons of Ammon, |
this is what ← thus.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:16 | כִּ֖י בַּעֲלוֹתָ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ עַד־יַם־ס֔וּף וַיָּבֹ֖א קָדֵֽשָׁה׃ | for when it came up from Egypt, Israel went into the desert, to the Red Sea, and it came to Kadesh. | |
| Judg 11:17 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱד֨וֹם ׀ לֵאמֹ֜ר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֔וֹם וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מוֹאָ֛ב שָׁלַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃ | Then Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom and said, «Please let me cross your land.» But the king of Edom did not consent. And it also sent messengers to the king of Moab, but he was not willing, and Israel stayed in Kadesh. | consent ← hear. |
| Judg 11:18 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיָּ֜סָב אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ אֱדוֹם֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֤א מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּן בְּעֵ֣בֶר אַרְנ֑וֹן וְלֹא־בָ֙אוּ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י אַרְנ֖וֹן גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃ | And it went into the desert, and it went round the land of Edom and the land of Moab, and it came to the land of Moab from the sunrise direction, and they encamped across the Arnon, but they did not enter the territory of Moab, for the Arnon is the border of Moab. | territory ← border. |
| Judg 11:19 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּ֥א בְאַרְצְךָ֖ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃ | Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites – the king of Heshbon – and Israel said to him, «Please let us cross through your land to our place.» |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
our place ← my place. |
| Judg 11:20 | וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִ֨ין סִיח֤וֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻל֔וֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף סִיחוֹן֙ אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But Sihon did not trust Israel to cross its territory, and Sihon gathered all his people, and they encamped at Jahaz, and he did battle with Israel. |
territory ← border.
at Jahaz ← to Jahaz, or (at) Jahzah. See Josh 13:18. |
| Judg 11:21 | וַ֠יִּתֵּן יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־סִיח֧וֹן וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֛וֹ בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּכּ֑וּם וַיִּירַשׁ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִֽיא׃ | And the Lord God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into Israel's hand, and they struck them, and Israel took possession of all the land of the Amorites who lived in that land. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:22 | וַיִּ֣ירְשׁ֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־גְּב֣וּל הָאֱמֹרִ֑י מֵֽאַרְנוֹן֙ וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֔ק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So they took possession of all the territory of the Amorites, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, and from the desert to the Jordan. |
territory ← border.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:23 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י עַמּ֣וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃ | So now that the Lord God of Israel has dispossessed the Amorites before his people Israel, will you then take possession of it? | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:24 | הֲלֹ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ֛ כְּמ֥וֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אוֹת֥וֹ תִירָ֑שׁ וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹרִ֜ישׁ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ אוֹת֥וֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃ | Is it not so, that whatever Chemosh your god dispossesses for you, you take possession of? And that everything that the Lord our God dispossesses before us, we take possession of? | Chemosh your god: the Amorites would attribute any battle success to their god Chemosh. Jephthah uses that to make his argument. |
| Judg 11:25 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲט֥וֹב טוֹב֙ אַתָּ֔ה מִבָּלָ֥ק בֶּן־צִפּ֖וֹר מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב הֲר֥וֹב רָב֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־נִלְחֹ֥ם נִלְחַ֖ם בָּֽם׃ | So now, are you really any better than Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab? Did he strive vehemently with Israel, or did he fight fiercely against them? | are you really any better ... did he strive vehemently ... did he fight fiercely: all infinitive absolute (taking the forms in the first case as verbal, not adjectival). AV differs in the first clause (did he ever strive against Israel). |
| Judg 11:26 | בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וּבְעַרְע֣וֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אַרְנ֔וֹן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | When Israel dwelt in Heshbon and its satellites, and in Aroer and its satellites, and in all the cities alongside the Arnon, for three hundred years, why did you not deliver these places, at that time? | Aroer ← Ar'or (here). |
| Judg 11:27 | וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ לֹֽא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֞ה עֹשֶׂ֥ה אִתִּ֛י רָעָ֖ה לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בִּ֑י יִשְׁפֹּ֨ט יְהוָ֤ה הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And I have not committed any offence against you, but you are doing wrong with me in fighting me. May the Lord, the judge, judge today between the sons of Israel and the sons of Ammon.’ ” | in fighting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 11:28 | וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ע מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֔ח אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלַ֖ח אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | But the king of the sons of Ammon did not favourably receive the words of Jephthah which he had sent to him. |
favourably receive ← hear, hearken to.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:29 | וַתְּהִ֤י עַל־יִפְתָּח֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־מִצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד וּמִמִּצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד עָבַ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then the spirit of the Lord came on Jephthah, and he crossed Gilead and Manasseh, and he crossed Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he crossed over to the sons of Ammon. |
came ← became.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. Gilead (3x): see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:30 | וַיִּדַּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֥ח נֶ֛דֶר לַיהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אִם־נָת֥וֹן תִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן בְּיָדִֽי׃ | Then Jephthah made a vow to the Lord, and he said, “If you will make a point of delivering the sons of Ammon into my hand, |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
make a point of delivering: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 11:31 | וְהָיָ֣ה הַיּוֹצֵ֗א אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵצֵ֜א מִדַּלְתֵ֤י בֵיתִי֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י בְּשׁוּבִ֥י בְשָׁל֖וֹם מִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖הוּ עוֹלָֽה׃ פ | then it will be the case that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon will be the Lord's, or I will offer it as a burnt offering.” |
whatever: masculine, applicable to animals or people. For a person, if that was Jephthah's intention, the vow would certainly involve redeeming that person. See Ex 34:20, Num 18:15.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. We ↴ |
| Judg 11:32 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then Jephthah crossed over to the sons of Ammon to fight against them, and the Lord delivered them into his hand. |
↳ have noted many examples of such use, e.g. Gen 17:12.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:33 | וַיַּכֵּ֡ם מֵעֲרוֹעֵר֩ וְעַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֨ מִנִּ֜ית עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֗יר וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים מַכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And he struck them from Aroer to where one approaches Minnith – twenty cities – and as far as Abel-Keramim, with a very great blow, and the sons of Ammon were humiliated before the sons of Israel. |
Abel-Keramim: AV differs, translating, the plain of the vineyards.
humiliated: or subdued. |
| Judg 11:34 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יִפְתָּ֣ח הַמִּצְפָּה֮ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֒ וְהִנֵּ֤ה בִתּוֹ֙ יֹצֵ֣את לִקְרָאת֔וֹ בְתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹל֑וֹת וְרַק֙ הִ֣יא יְחִידָ֔ה אֵֽין־ל֥וֹ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ בֵּ֖ן אוֹ־בַֽת׃ | Then Jephthah went to Mizpah, to his house, and what should happen but his daughter came out to meet him, with timbrels and dancing, and moreover, she was an only child – besides her he had neither son nor daughter. |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. what should happen but ← behold. |
| Judg 11:35 | וַיְהִי֩ כִרְאוֹת֨וֹ אוֹתָ֜הּ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֲהָ֤הּ בִּתִּי֙ הַכְרֵ֣עַ הִכְרַעְתִּ֔נִי וְאַ֖תְּ הָיִ֣יתְ בְּעֹֽכְרָ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י פָּצִ֤יתִי־פִי֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לָשֽׁוּב׃ | And it came to pass when he saw her that he tore his clothes, and he said, “Alas, my daughter, you have brought me very low, and you have joined those who cause me sorrow, for I have opened my mouth to the Lord, and I cannot reverse it.” |
you have brought me very low: infinitive absolute.
joined ← become at. |
| Judg 11:36 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אָבִי֙ פָּצִ֤יתָה אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֣ה לִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יָצָ֣א מִפִּ֑יךָ אַחֲרֵ֡י אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְךָ֙ יְהוָ֧ה נְקָמ֛וֹת מֵאֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִבְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then she said to him, “My father, have you opened your mouth to the Lord? Do to me according to what was uttered from your mouth, since the Lord has taken vengeance for you on your enemies, on the sons of Ammon.” | |
| Judg 11:37 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לִּ֖י הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה הַרְפֵּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נִּי שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וְאֵֽלְכָה֙ וְיָרַדְתִּ֣י עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶבְכֶּה֙ עַל־בְּתוּלַ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י *ורעיתי **וְרֵעוֹתָֽי׃ | And she said to her father, “Let this thing be done for me – leave me alone for two months, and I will go up and down on the mountains and bewail my virginity, I and my {Q: companions} [K: companionship].” | The sense of the ketiv is the companions collectively, so it is equivalent to the qeré. |
| Judg 11:38 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵ֔כִי וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אוֹתָ֖הּ שְׁנֵ֣י חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ הִיא֙ וְרֵ֣עוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַתֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל־בְּתוּלֶ֖יהָ עַל־הֶהָרִֽים׃ | And he said, “Go.” And he sent her off for two months. So she went – she and her companions – and she bewailed her virginity on the mountains. | |
| Judg 11:39 | וַיְהִ֞י מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַתָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֔הּ אֶת־נִדְר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָדָ֑ר וְהִיא֙ לֹא־יָדְעָ֣ה אִ֔ישׁ וַתְּהִי־חֹ֖ק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then it came to pass after two months that she returned to her father, and he performed with her his vow which he had made, and she did not know a man, and it became a statute in Israel. | he performed with her his vow: there is no hint of a burnt offering here as many contend. On the contrary, Jephthah's daughter became dedicated to the Lord and remained a virgin. See Judg 11:31. |
| Judg 11:40 | מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֗ימָה תֵּלַ֙כְנָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְתַנּ֕וֹת לְבַת־יִפְתָּ֖ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י אַרְבַּ֥עַת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ ס | On these days, as they recur, the daughters of Israel go to commemorate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite, for four days per year. |
commemorate: the word is also used in Judg 5:11 (celebrate) and nowhere else.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 12:1 | וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר צָפ֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ לְיִפְתָּ֜ח מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ עָבַ֣רְתָּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּבְנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וְלָ֙נוּ֙ לֹ֤א קָרָ֙אתָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִמָּ֔ךְ בֵּיתְךָ֕ נִשְׂרֹ֥ף עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the men of Ephraim were called together, and they crossed over to the north, and they said to Jephthah, “Why did you cross over to fight the sons of Ammon, without calling us to go with you? We will burn your house with fire on you.” |
men ← man.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. without calling us ← but you did not call us. |
| Judg 12:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ רִ֗יב הָיִ֛יתִי אֲנִ֛י וְעַמִּ֥י וּבְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן מְאֹ֑ד וָאֶזְעַ֣ק אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־הוֹשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם אוֹתִ֖י מִיָּדָֽם׃ | Then Jephthah said to them, “I was a man in contention – I and my people – with the sons of Ammon, to a great extent, and I called out to you, but you did not deliver me out of their hand. | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 12:3 | וָֽאֶרְאֶ֞ה כִּֽי־אֵינְךָ֣ מוֹשִׁ֗יע וָאָשִׂ֨ימָה נַפְשִׁ֤י בְכַפִּי֙ וָֽאֶעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדִ֑י וְלָמָ֞ה עֲלִיתֶ֥ם אֵלַ֛י הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בִּֽי׃ | And when I saw that you were not delivering me, I risked by life, and I went across to the sons of Ammon, and the Lord delivered them into my hand. So why have you come up this day to fight against me?” | I risked by life ← I put my soul in my palm. |
| Judg 12:4 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | Then Jephthah gathered all the men of Gilead and fought against Ephraim, and the men of Gilead struck Ephraim down, for the latter had said, “You are fugitives of Ephraim, Gilead within Ephraim and within Manasseh.” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead (3x): see Gen 31:21. fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. the latter ← they. |
| Judg 12:5 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת־מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי־גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר ׀ לֹֽא׃ | And Gilead captured Ephraim's fords of the Jordan, and it came to pass that when the fugitives of Ephraim said, “Let me cross”, the men of Gilead said, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No”, |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Judg 12:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אֱמָר־נָ֨א שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר סִבֹּ֗לֶת וְלֹ֤א יָכִין֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר כֵּ֔ן וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אוֹת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ אֶל־מַעְבְּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּפֹּ֞ל בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם אָֽלֶף׃ | then they said to him, “Kindly say, ‘Shibboleth’ ”, and if he said, “Sibboleth”, and he did not articulate to pronounce it correctly, then they took him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. And at that time forty-two thousand men of Ephraim fell. |
if: conditional use of the vav.
articulate ← fashion, form. forty-two thousand: [CB] translates as two thousand and forty, but it is in a standard format for forty-two thousand. See Judg 7:3, 1 Chr 7:2. |
| Judg 12:7 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֗מָת יִפְתָּח֙ הַגִּלְעָדִ֔י וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ פ | And Jephthah judged Israel for six years, then Jephthah the Gileadite died, and he was buried in the cities of Gilead. |
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1.
Gileadite ... Gilead: see Gen 31:21. the cities: perhaps in a conurbation. |
| Judg 12:8 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִבְצָ֖ן מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | Then after him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel. |
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19.
judged: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. Similarly Judg 12:11, Judg 12:13. |
| Judg 12:9 | וַיְהִי־ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים בָּנוֹת֙ שִׁלַּ֣ח הַח֔וּצָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנ֔וֹת הֵבִ֥יא לְבָנָ֖יו מִן־הַח֑וּץ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | And he had thirty sons and thirty daughters whom he sent out. And he brought thirty daughters from outside for his sons, and he judged Israel for seven years. | |
| Judg 12:10 | וַיָּ֣מָת אִבְצָ֔ן וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ פ | Then Ibzan died, and he was buried in Bethlehem. | Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 12:11 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵיל֖וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | And after him Elon the Zebulonite judged Israel, and he judged Israel for ten years. | |
| Judg 12:12 | וַיָּ֖מָת אֵל֣וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ זְבוּלֻֽן׃ פ | Then Elon the Zebulonite died, and he was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun. | |
| Judg 12:13 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אַחֲרָ֖יו אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן־הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִֽי׃ | Then after him Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel. | |
| Judg 12:14 | וַיְהִי־ל֞וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים רֹכְבִ֖ים עַל־שִׁבְעִ֣ים עֲיָרִ֑ם וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ | And he had forty sons and thirty grandsons who rode on seventy ass-colts, and he judged Israel for eight years. | |
| Judg 12:15 | וַיָּ֛מָת עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן־הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֤ר בְּפִרְעָתוֹן֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּהַ֖ר הָעֲמָלֵקִֽי׃ פ | Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and he was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim at the mount of the Amalekite. | |
| Judg 13:1 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | Then the sons of Israel again did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and the Lord delivered them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years. | forty years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 13:2 | וַיְהִי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֧ד מִצָּרְעָ֛ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת הַדָּנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָנ֑וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ עֲקָרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יָלָֽדָה׃ | And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the Danite family, and his name was Manoah, and his wife was barren, and she had not given birth. | |
| Judg 13:3 | וַיֵּרָ֥א מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ הִנֵּה־נָ֤א אַתְּ־עֲקָרָה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלַ֔דְתְּ וְהָרִ֖ית וְיָלַ֥דְתְּ בֵּֽן׃ | And the angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “Look now, you are barren, and you have not given birth, but you will conceive and bear a son. | |
| Judg 13:4 | וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּׁ֣מְרִי נָ֔א וְאַל־תִּשְׁתִּ֖י יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֑ר וְאַל־תֹּאכְלִ֖י כָּל־טָמֵֽא׃ | So now, please be on your guard, and do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
anything ← everything. |
| Judg 13:5 | כִּי֩ הִנָּ֨ךְ הָרָ֜ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֗ן וּמוֹרָה֙ לֹא־יַעֲלֶ֣ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ כִּֽי־נְזִ֧יר אֱלֹהִ֛ים יִהְיֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר מִן־הַבָּ֑טֶן וְה֗וּא יָחֵ֛ל לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | For you are about to conceive, and you will bear a son, and no razor will pass over his head, for the boy will be a Nazarite of God from the womb, and he will begin to save Israel from the hand of the Philistines.” |
you are about to conceive ← behold you pregnant. Perhaps better pointed as a participle (הֹרָה), as a participle commonly follows הִנֵּה, denoting the near future.
Nazarite: i.e. separated. Not connected ↴ |
| Judg 13:6 | וַתָּבֹ֣א הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִישָׁהּ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ כְּמַרְאֵ֛ה מַלְאַ֥ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נוֹרָ֣א מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א שְׁאִלְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֣ה ה֔וּא וְאֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־הִגִּ֥יד לִֽי׃ | Then the woman went and spoke to her husband, and she said, “A man of God has come to me, and his appearance was as the appearance of an angel of God – most awesome – and I did not ask him where he was from, and he did not tell me his name. | ↳ with Nazareth, where the z stands for a tsadé, whereas in Nazarite it stands for a zayin. |
| Judg 13:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִ֔י הִנָּ֥ךְ הָרָ֖ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֞ה אַל־תִּשְׁתִּ֣י ׀ יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֗ר וְאַל־תֹּֽאכְלִי֙ כָּל־טֻמְאָ֔ה כִּֽי־נְזִ֤יר אֱלֹהִים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַנַּ֔עַר מִן־הַבֶּ֖טֶן עַד־י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃ פ | And he said to me, ‘You are about to conceive, and you will bear a son. So now, do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean, for the boy will be a Nazarite of God from the womb to the day of his death.’ ” |
you are about to conceive ← behold you pregnant. See Judg 13:5.
anything ← everything. |
| Judg 13:8 | וַיֶּעְתַּ֥ר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר בִּ֣י אֲדוֹנָ֔י אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֗חְתָּ יָבוֹא־נָ֥א עוֹד֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְיוֹרֵ֕נוּ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַנַּ֥עַר הַיּוּלָּֽד׃ | Then Manoah entreated the Lord and said, “O Lord*, please – the man of God whom you sent – may he please come to us again and teach us what we are to do with the boy who is to be born.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Judg 13:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּק֣וֹל מָנ֑וֹחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים ע֜וֹד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנ֥וֹחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | And God heeded Manoah, and the angel of God came again to the woman while she was sitting down in a field, when Manoah her husband was not with her. | heeded Manoah ← heard Manoah's voice. |
| Judg 13:10 | וַתְּמַהֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתָּ֖רָץ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְאִישָׁ֑הּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֨ה נִרְאָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א בַיּ֖וֹם אֵלָֽי׃ | And the woman hastened and ran and told her husband, and she said to him, “Look, the man who came to me the other day has appeared to me again.” | the other day ← on the day. |
| Judg 13:11 | וַיָּ֛קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אַחֲרֵ֣י אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הַאַתָּ֥ה הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתָּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽנִי׃ | So Manoah got up and followed his wife, and he came to the man, and he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to the woman?” And he said, “Yes I am.” | |
| Judg 13:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָנ֔וֹחַ עַתָּ֖ה יָבֹ֣א דְבָרֶ֑יךָ מַה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה מִשְׁפַּט־הַנַּ֖עַר וּמַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ | Then Manoah said, “May your words now come to pass. What is the boy's duty to be, and his function?” | what is the boy's duty to be, and his function?: AV differs somewhat (how shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?). |
| Judg 13:13 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מָנ֑וֹחַ מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה תִּשָּׁמֵֽר׃ | And the angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “Let her be on her guard about everything I have said to her. | to her ← to the woman. |
| Judg 13:14 | מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִגֶּ֨פֶן הַיַּ֜יִן לֹ֣א תֹאכַ֗ל וְיַ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ אַל־תֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וְכָל־טֻמְאָ֖ה אַל־תֹּאכַ֑ל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתִ֖יהָ תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ | She shall not consume anything that comes from the grape vine, nor drink any wine or strong drink, nor eat anything unclean. Let her keep everything I have commanded her.” |
anything (2x) ← everything.
grape vine ← wine vine. |
| Judg 13:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מָנ֖וֹחַ אֶל־מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה נַעְצְרָה־נָּ֣א אוֹתָ֔ךְ וְנַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְפָנֶ֖יךָ גְּדִ֥י עִזִּֽים׃ | Then Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Please let us detain you, and we will prepare a kid of the goats for you.” | for ← before, with the idea of serving it to (him). |
| Judg 13:16 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מָנ֗וֹחַ אִם־תַּעְצְרֵ֙נִי֙ לֹא־אֹכַ֣ל בְּלַחְמֶ֔ךָ וְאִם־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה עֹלָ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה תַּעֲלֶ֑נָּה כִּ֚י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | But the angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “If you detain me, I shall not eat your food, but if you would offer a burnt offering, you shall offer it to the Lord.” For Manoah did not know that he was the angel of the Lord. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
the angel of the Lord (second occurrence in verse): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 13:17 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה מִ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א *דבריך **דְבָרְךָ֖ וְכִבַּדְנֽוּךָ׃ | Then Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “What is your name, so that when your words come to pass, we can honour you.” | words: the qeré is word, standing for the whole speech. |
| Judg 13:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לּוֹ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וְהוּא־פֶ֛לִאי׃ ס | Then the angel of the Lord said to him, “Why do you ask me my name, when it is Wonderful?” | Wonderful: AV differs (secret). See Isa 9:5 (Isa 9:6AV). |
| Judg 13:19 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מָנ֜וֹחַ אֶת־גְּדִ֤י הָעִזִּים֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַל עַל־הַצּ֖וּר לַֽיהוָ֑ה וּמַפְלִ֣א לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת וּמָנ֥וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ רֹאִֽים׃ | Then Manoah took a kid of the goats and a meal-offering, and he offered them on the rock to the Lord, and a wondrous thing was done while Manoah and his wife were watching. | a wondrous thing was done ← acting wondrously to do. |
| Judg 13:20 | וַיְהִי֩ בַעֲל֨וֹת הַלַּ֜הַב מֵעַ֤ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וַיַּ֥עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה בְּלַ֣הַב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּמָנ֤וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ֙ רֹאִ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם אָֽרְצָה׃ | And it came to pass, as the flame went up from the altar towards heaven, that the angel of the Lord went up in the flame of the altar, while Manoah and his wife were watching, and they fell face down to the ground. | face down ← on their faces. |
| Judg 13:21 | וְלֹא־יָ֤סַף עוֹד֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לְהֵרָאֹ֖ה אֶל־מָנ֣וֹחַ וְאֶל־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ אָ֚ז יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And the angel of the Lord did not appear again to Manoah or to his wife, so Manoah knew that he was the angel of the Lord. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
the angel of the Lord (second occurrence in verse): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 13:22 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֣וֹת נָמ֑וּת כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים רָאִֽינוּ׃ | And Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die, for we have seen God.” | certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 13:23 | וַתֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ לוּ֩ חָפֵ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה לַהֲמִיתֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח מִיָּדֵ֙נוּ֙ עֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א הֶרְאָ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְכָעֵ֕ת לֹ֥א הִשְׁמִיעָ֖נוּ כָּזֹֽאת׃ | But his wife said to him, “If it had pleased the Lord to kill us, he would not have accepted a burnt offering or a meal-offering from our hand, and he would not have shown us all these things, and at this time he would not have informed us of such things.” | |
| Judg 13:24 | וַתֵּ֤לֶד הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּגְדַּ֣ל הַנַּ֔עַר וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | And the woman bore a son, and she called him Samson, and the boy grew up, and the Lord blessed him. | Samson ← Shimshon. |
| Judg 13:25 | וַתָּ֙חֶל֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְפַעֲמ֖וֹ בְּמַחֲנֵה־דָ֑ן בֵּ֥ין צָרְעָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽל׃ פ | And the spirit of the Lord began to motivate him in the camp of Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol. | |
| Judg 14:1 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then Samson went down to Timnah, and he saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines. | Timnah (2x): AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12. |
| Judg 14:2 | וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ־אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And he went up and told his father and his mother, and he said, “I have seen a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines, so now, get her for me to be my wife.” |
Timnah: AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12.
to be my wife ← for a wife. |
| Judg 14:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל־עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל־אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח־לִ֔י כִּֽי־הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי׃ | But his father and his mother said to him, “Is there not a woman among the daughters of your brothers and all my people, that you should go and take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?” But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, for she is right in my eyes.” | |
| Judg 14:4 | וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Now his father and his mother did not know that this was from the Lord, for he was seeking an occasion against the Philistines, for at that time the Philistines were ruling over Israel. |
this ← it / she.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 14:5 | וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃ | Then Samson and his father and his mother went down to Timnah, and they came to the vineyards of Timnah, and what he came across was a lion cub roaring at him. |
Timnah (2x): AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12.
what he came across was ← behold. |
| Judg 14:6 | וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | But the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and he tore it apart as one tears a kid of the goats apart, yet there was nothing in his hand, but he did not tell his father or mother what he had done. | as one tears ← as the tearing of. |
| Judg 14:7 | וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃ | Then he went down and spoke to the woman, and she was right in Samson's eyes. | |
| Judg 14:8 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | Then after a number of days he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion, and what he saw was a colony of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 14:9 | וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ׃ | And he took some of it in his palms, and he went eating as he was walking, and he went to his father and mother, and he gave them some, and they ate it, but he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the carcase of the lion. | eating as he was walking: infinitives absolute for contemporaneous actions. |
| Judg 14:10 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים׃ | Then his father went down to the woman, and Samson held a feast there, for so the young men would do. | |
| Judg 14:11 | וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they took thirty friends, who accompanied him. |
they (2x): apparently, in view of the subsequent verses, the Philistines.
who accompanied him ← and they were with him. |
| Judg 14:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה־נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם־הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים׃ | Then Samson said to them, “Let me pose you a riddle. If you can plainly tell me the solution in the seven days of the feast, and solve it, then I will give you thirty linen undergarments and thirty suits of clothing. |
plainly tell: infinitive absolute.
the solution ← it. solve ← find. suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:13 | וְאִם־לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה׃ | But if you cannot tell me, then you must give me thirty linen undergarments and thirty suits of clothing.” And they said to him, “Pose your riddle, and we will listen to it.” | suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ |
And he said to them,
“Food came out of that which eats, And out of that which is strong Came out sweetness.” And they could not solve the riddle for three days. |
solve ← tell. |
| Judg 14:15 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת־אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן־נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא׃ | Then it came to pass on the seventh day that they said to Samson's wife, “Entice your husband to tell us the solution to the riddle, or else we will burn you and your father's house with fire. Did you invite us so as to dispossess us or not?” |
seventh: as in all Hebrew manuscripts; translations with fourth take it from the LXX and some Syriac manuscripts [BHS-CA]. These are days leading up to the seven day feast (Judg 14:17).
you invite ← you (plural) call. Presumably the reference is to Samson and ↴ |
| Judg 14:16 | וַתֵּבְךְּ֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן עָלָ֗יו וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ רַק־שְׂנֵאתַ֙נִי֙ וְלֹ֣א אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִי הַֽחִידָ֥ה חַ֙דְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וְלִ֖י לֹ֣א הִגַּ֑דְתָּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הִנֵּ֨ה לְאָבִ֧י וּלְאִמִּ֛י לֹ֥א הִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְלָ֥ךְ אַגִּֽיד׃ | Then Samson's wife wept at him, and she said, “You just hate me, and you do not love me. You posed the riddle to the sons of my people, but you have not told me its solution.” Then he said to her, “Look, I have not told my father or my mother, so am I supposed to tell you?” |
↳ his wife inviting the Philistines to the wedding feast.
so: consecutive use of the vav. |
| Judg 14:17 | וַתֵּ֤בְךְּ עָלָיו֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּגֶּד־לָהּ֙ כִּ֣י הֱצִיקַ֔תְהוּ וַתַּגֵּ֥ד הַחִידָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י עַמָּֽהּ׃ | Then she wept at him in the week in which they held the feast, and it came to pass on the seventh day that he told her, because she distressed him. Then she told the sons of her people. | week ← seven days. |
| Judg 14:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ יָבֹ֣א הַחַ֔רְסָה מַה־מָּת֣וֹק מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה עַ֖ז מֵאֲרִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לוּלֵא֙ חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י לֹ֥א מְצָאתֶ֖ם חִידָתִֽי׃ |
Then on the seventh day the men of the city said to him before the sun set,
“What is sweeter than honey, And what is stronger than a lion?” Then he said to them, “If you had not ploughed my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle.” |
ploughed my heifer: i.e. nagged at my lady-love.
solved ← found. |
| Judg 14:19 | וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וַיַּ֥ךְ מֵהֶ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־חֲלִ֣יצוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ הַחֲלִיפ֔וֹת לְמַגִּידֵ֖י הַחִידָ֑ה וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֖עַל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהוּ׃ פ | Then the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and he went down to Ashkelon and struck down thirty of its men, and he took their spoil, and he gave the suits of clothing to those who had solved the riddle, and his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house. |
thirty of its men ← thirty men of them.
suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:20 | וַתְּהִ֖י אֵ֣שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן לְמֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רֵעָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | And a friend of his, who had befriended him, had Samson's wife. | |
| Judg 15:1 | וַיְהִ֨י מִיָּמִ֜ים בִּימֵ֣י קְצִיר־חִטִּ֗ים וַיִּפְקֹ֨ד שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ בִּגְדִ֣י עִזִּ֔ים וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָבֹ֥אָה אֶל־אִשְׁתִּ֖י הֶחָ֑דְרָה וְלֹֽא־נְתָנ֥וֹ אָבִ֖יהָ לָבֽוֹא׃ | Then it came to pass after many days, in the days of the wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid of the goats, and he said, “I will go to my wife, into the room.” But her father would not let him go in. | |
| Judg 15:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֗יהָ אָמֹ֤ר אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ כִּי־שָׂנֹ֣א שְׂנֵאתָ֔הּ וָאֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה לְמֵרֵעֶ֑ךָ הֲלֹ֨א אֲחֹתָ֤הּ הַקְּטַנָּה֙ טוֹבָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נָּה תְּהִי־נָ֥א לְךָ֖ תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | And her father said, “I have solemnly declared that you definitely hated her, and I gave her to your friend. Is not her younger sister prettier than she? Please have her instead of her.” | solemnly declared ... definitely hated: both infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 15:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן נִקֵּ֥יתִי הַפַּ֖עַם מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־עֹשֶׂ֥ה אֲנִ֛י עִמָּ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ | Then Samson said concerning them, “This time I am more innocent than the Philistines, although I am doing them harm.” | concerning: a more common meaning of the word is to, but [AnLx] also gives concerning. Samson seems to be speaking to himself. |
| Judg 15:4 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת שׁוּעָלִ֑ים וַיִּקַּ֣ח לַפִּדִ֗ים וַיֶּ֤פֶן זָנָב֙ אֶל־זָנָ֔ב וַיָּ֨שֶׂם לַפִּ֥יד אֶחָ֛ד בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֥י הַזְּנָב֖וֹת בַּתָּֽוֶךְ׃ | Then Samson went and took three hundred foxes, and he took torches, and he orientated them tail to tail, and he put one torch between the two tails in between them. | orientated ← turned. |
| Judg 15:5 | וַיַּבְעֶר־אֵשׁ֙ בַּלַּפִּידִ֔ים וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח בְּקָמ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּבְעֵ֛ר מִגָּדִ֥ישׁ וְעַד־קָמָ֖ה וְעַד־כֶּ֥רֶם זָֽיִת׃ | And he set the torches on fire and released them in the Philistines' cornfields, and he burnt both a stack of corn and standing corn, and also an olive grove. | olive grove ← olive vineyard, but with wider usage; [AnLx]= olive yard. AV differs (vineyards and olives). |
| Judg 15:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֮ מִ֣י עָ֣שָׂה זֹאת֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ חֲתַ֣ן הַתִּמְנִ֔י כִּ֚י לָקַ֣ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּ לְמֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אוֹתָ֛הּ וְאֶת־אָבִ֖יהָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the Philistines said, “Who did this?” And they said, “Samson the son-in-law of the Timnite, for he took his wife and gave her to his friend.” Then the Philistines went up and burnt her and her father with fire. | he took his wife and gave her to his friend: i.e. Samson's father-in-law took Samson's wife and gave her to Samson's friend. |
| Judg 15:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אִֽם־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּן כָּזֹ֑את כִּ֛י אִם־נִקַּ֥מְתִּי בָכֶ֖ם וְאַחַ֥ר אֶחְדָּֽל׃ | And Samson said to them, “As you have done this, I will surely avenge myself on you, and only afterwards will I cease.” | as ← if, but used idiomatically, as in the English “if that's your game”, where no condition is implied. |
| Judg 15:8 | וַיַּ֨ךְ אוֹתָ֥ם שׁ֛וֹק עַל־יָרֵ֖ךְ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיֵּ֣רֶד וַיֵּ֔שֶׁב בִּסְעִ֖יף סֶ֥לַע עֵיטָֽם׃ ס | And he struck them down in the leg and in the thigh with a great assault, and he went down and sat in a cleft in the rock of Etam. |
sat: or dwelt.
cleft: AV differs (top). |
| Judg 15:9 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בִּיהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּטְשׁ֖וּ בַּלֶּֽחִי׃ | And the Philistines came up and encamped in Judah and spread out in Lehi. | Judah: i.e. the territory of the tribe of Judah. |
| Judg 15:10 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה לָמָ֖ה עֲלִיתֶ֣ם עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ לֶאֱס֤וֹר אֶת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ עָלִ֔ינוּ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עָ֥שָׂה לָֽנוּ׃ | And the men of Judah said, “Why have you come up against us?” And they said, “We have come up to bind Samson up, to do to him what he has done to us.” | |
| Judg 15:11 | וַיֵּרְד֡וּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֜ישׁ מִֽיהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־סְעִיף֮ סֶ֣לַע עֵיטָם֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן הֲלֹ֤א יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ כִּֽי־מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בָּ֙נוּ֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ עָ֣שׂוּ לִ֔י כֵּ֖ן עָשִׂ֥יתִי לָהֶֽם׃ | Then three thousand men from Judah went down to the cleft in the rock of Etam, and they said to Samson, “Do you not know that the Philistines rule over us? What is this that you have done to us?” And he said to them, “As they have done to me, so I have done to them.” | cleft in ← cleft of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Judg 15:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֶאֱסָרְךָ֣ יָרַ֔דְנוּ לְתִתְּךָ֖ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הִשָּׁבְע֣וּ לִ֔י פֶּֽן־תִּפְגְּע֥וּן בִּ֖י אַתֶּֽם׃ | And they said to him, “We have come down to bind you up and to deliver you into the hands of the Philistines.” Then Samson said to them, “Swear to me that you will not attack me yourselves.” | |
| Judg 15:13 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֚א כִּֽי־אָסֹ֤ר נֶֽאֱסָרְךָ֙ וּנְתַנּ֣וּךָ בְיָדָ֔ם וְהָמֵ֖ת לֹ֣א נְמִיתֶ֑ךָ וַיַּאַסְרֻ֗הוּ בִּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ עֲבֹתִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּהוּ מִן־הַסָּֽלַע׃ | But they spoke to him and said, “No, rather we will certainly bind you up and deliver you into their hand, but we will certainly not kill you.” And they bound him with two new ropes, and they brought him up out of the rock. |
certainly bind you up: infinitive absolute.
certainly ... kill you: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 15:14 | הוּא־בָ֣א עַד־לֶ֔חִי וּפְלִשִׁתִּ֖ים הֵרִ֣יעוּ לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַתִּהְיֶ֨ינָה הָעֲבֹתִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־זְרוֹעוֹתָ֗יו כַּפִּשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעֲר֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּמַּ֥סּוּ אֱסוּרָ֖יו מֵעַ֥ל יָדָֽיו׃ | He came to Lehi, and the Philistines sounded an alarm to confront him, but the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and the ropes which were around his arms became like flax burning in a fire, and his bonds melted from around his hands. | |
| Judg 15:15 | וַיִּמְצָ֥א לְחִֽי־חֲמ֖וֹר טְרִיָּ֑ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ וַיִּקָּחֶ֔הָ וַיַּךְ־בָּ֖הּ אֶ֥לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | Then he found a fresh donkey's jawbone, and he stretched out his hand and took hold of it, and he struck down one thousand men with it. | |
| Judg 15:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן בִּלְחִ֣י הַחֲמ֔וֹר חֲמ֖וֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם בִּלְחִ֣י הַחֲמ֔וֹר הִכֵּ֖יתִי אֶ֥לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ |
Then Samson said,
“With an ass's jawbone – A heap, a pair of heaps – With an ass's jawbone I struck down a thousand men.” |
a heap, a pair of heaps: there is a play on words, as the same word means ass or heap. Translating more loosely: heaping them up. |
| Judg 15:17 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כְּכַלֹּת֣וֹ לְדַבֵּ֔ר וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ךְ הַלְּחִ֖י מִיָּד֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֛א לַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא רָ֥מַת לֶֽחִי׃ | And then, when he had finished speaking, he threw the jawbone away, and he called that place Ramath-Lehi. |
he threw the jawbone away ← cast from his hand.
Ramath-Lehi: i.e. Height of the jawbone. |
| Judg 15:18 | וַיִּצְמָא֮ מְאֹד֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אַתָּה֙ נָתַ֣תָּ בְיַֽד־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַתְּשׁוּעָ֥ה הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את וְעַתָּה֙ אָמ֣וּת בַּצָּמָ֔א וְנָפַלְתִּ֖י בְּיַ֥ד הָעֲרֵלִֽים׃ | And he was very thirsty, and he called on the Lord and said, “You have now put this great salvation in the hand of your servant, but now I will die of thirst, and I will fall into the hands of the uncircumcised.” | The verse does not contain an interrogative particle, but it could be read as a question (will I die etc.). |
| Judg 15:19 | וַיִּבְקַ֨ע אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הַמַּכְתֵּ֣שׁ אֲשֶׁר־בַּלֶּ֗חִי וַיֵּצְא֨וּ מִמֶּ֤נּוּ מַ֙יִם֙ וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ וַיֶּ֑חִי עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ קָרָ֣א שְׁמָ֗הּ עֵ֤ין הַקּוֹרֵא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלֶּ֔חִי עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then God split open the hollow which is in Lehi, and water came out, and he drank, and his spirit returned, and he revived, and for that reason he called it En-Hakkore, which is in Lehi, up to this day. | Lehi (first occurrence in verse): AV differs, translating, the jaw. |
| Judg 15:20 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֧ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בִּימֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years. | |
| Judg 16:1 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן עַזָּ֑תָה וַיַּרְא־שָׁם֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Samson went to Gaza, and he saw a harlot there, and he went in to her. | harlot ← harlot woman. |
| Judg 16:2 | לַֽעַזָּתִ֣ים ׀ לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּ֤א שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ הֵ֔נָּה וַיָּסֹ֛בּוּ וַיֶּאֶרְבוּ־ל֥וֹ כָל־הַלַּ֖יְלָה בְּשַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וַיִּתְחָרְשׁ֤וּ כָל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר וַהֲרְגְנֻֽהוּ׃ | It was reported to the Gazans as follows: “Samson has come here.” Then they surrounded and ambushed him all night at the city gate, and they kept quiet all night and said, “At morning light we will kill him.” |
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying.
kept quiet: or plotted. |
| Judg 16:3 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב שִׁמְשׁוֹן֮ עַד־חֲצִ֣י הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֗יְלָה וַיֶּאֱחֹ֞ז בְּדַלְת֤וֹת שַֽׁעַר־הָעִיר֙ וּבִשְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּז֔וֹת וַיִּסָּעֵם֙ עִֽם־הַבְּרִ֔יחַ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־כְּתֵפָ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲלֵם֙ אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And Samson lay down until midnight, then he arose at midnight, and he seized the doors of the gate of the city and the two gateposts, and he wrenched them out with the bolt, and he put them on his shoulders, and he brought them up to the top of the mountain which is adjacent to Hebron. | |
| Judg 16:4 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנַ֣חַל שֹׂרֵ֑ק וּשְׁמָ֖הּ דְּלִילָֽה׃ | And it came to pass after that, that he fell in love with a woman at the Brook of Sorek, and her name was Delilah. | |
| Judg 16:5 | וַיַּעֲל֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יהָ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ לָ֜הּ פַּתִּ֣י אוֹת֗וֹ וּרְאִי֙ בַּמֶּה֙ כֹּח֣וֹ גָד֔וֹל וּבַמֶּה֙ נ֣וּכַל ל֔וֹ וַאֲסַרְנֻ֖הוּ לְעַנֹּת֑וֹ וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִתַּן־לָ֔ךְ אִ֕ישׁ אֶ֥לֶף וּמֵאָ֖ה כָּֽסֶף׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines went up and said to her, “Entice him and see what his great strength is due to, and by what means we can prevail over him, so that we can bind him to subdue him, and we will each give you one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” | |
| Judg 16:6 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר דְּלִילָה֙ אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה כֹּחֲךָ֣ גָד֑וֹל וּבַמֶּ֥ה תֵאָסֵ֖ר לְעַנּוֹתֶֽךָ׃ | So Delilah said to Samson, “Do tell me what your great strength is due to, and by what means you can be bound to subdue you.” | |
| Judg 16:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אִם־יַאַסְרֻ֗נִי בְּשִׁבְעָ֛ה יְתָרִ֥ים לַחִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־חֹרָ֑בוּ וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּאַחַ֥ד הָאָדָֽם׃ | And Samson said to her, “If they bind me with seven fresh cords which have not dried up, then I will become weak, and I will become like any other man.” | any other man ← one of man / mankind. |
| Judg 16:8 | וַיַּעֲלוּ־לָ֞הּ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים שִׁבְעָ֛ה יְתָרִ֥ים לַחִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־חֹרָ֑בוּ וַתַּאַסְרֵ֖הוּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines brought up to her seven fresh cords which had not dried, and she bound him with them. | |
| Judg 16:9 | וְהָאֹרֵ֗ב יֹשֵׁ֥ב לָהּ֙ בַּחֶ֔דֶר וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיְנַתֵּק֙ אֶת־הַיְתָרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִנָּתֵ֤ק פְּתִֽיל־הַנְּעֹ֙רֶת֙ בַּהֲרִיח֣וֹ אֵ֔שׁ וְלֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע כֹּחֽוֹ׃ | And an ambush was present in collusion with her in the room, and she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” But he broke the cords as one breaks a thread of hemp when one makes it touch fire, and the cause of his strength was not known. |
present ← sitting.
touch ← smell, but also, with [AnLx], touch. |
| Judg 16:10 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר דְּלִילָה֙ אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הִנֵּה֙ הֵתַ֣לְתָּ בִּ֔י וַתְּדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֖י כְּזָבִ֑ים עַתָּה֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה תֵּאָסֵֽר׃ | Then Delilah said to Samson, “Look, you have mocked me, and you have told me lies. Now do tell me how you can be bound.” | |
| Judg 16:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אִם־אָס֤וֹר יַאַסְר֙וּנִי֙ בַּעֲבֹתִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בָהֶ֖ם מְלָאכָ֑ה וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּאַחַ֥ד הָאָדָֽם׃ | Then he said to her, “If indeed they bind me with new ropes with which no work has been done, then I will become weak and become like any other man.” |
indeed they bind: infinitive absolute.
any other man: see Judg 16:7. |
| Judg 16:12 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח דְּלִילָה֩ עֲבֹתִ֨ים חֲדָשִׁ֜ים וַתַּאַסְרֵ֣הוּ בָהֶ֗ם וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤ים עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן וְהָאֹרֵ֖ב יֹשֵׁ֣ב בֶּחָ֑דֶר וַֽיְנַתְּקֵ֛ם מֵעַ֥ל זְרֹעֹתָ֖יו כַּחֽוּט׃ | So Delilah took new ropes and bound him with them, and she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” And the ambush was present in the room, but he broke them from around his arms like a thread. |
present ← sitting.
a thread ← the thread. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 16:13 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר דְּלִילָ֜ה אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן עַד־הֵ֜נָּה הֵתַ֤לְתָּ בִּי֙ וַתְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלַי֙ כְּזָבִ֔ים הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה תֵּאָסֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אִם־תַּאַרְגִ֗י אֶת־שֶׁ֛בַע מַחְלְפ֥וֹת רֹאשִׁ֖י עִם־הַמַּסָּֽכֶת׃ | Then Delilah said to Samson, “Up to now you have mocked me and told me lies. Tell me how you can be bound.” And he said to her, “If you weave the seven braids of my head with a web.” | a web ← the web. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 16:14 | וַתִּתְקַע֙ בַּיָּתֵ֔ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּיקַץ֙ מִשְּׁנָת֔וֹ וַיִּסַּ֛ע אֶת־הַיְתַ֥ד הָאֶ֖רֶג וְאֶת־הַמַּסָּֽכֶת׃ | She did so, and she fastened it with a peg. And she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” Then he awoke from his sleep and pulled out the peg for the woven work and the web. | |
| Judg 16:15 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אֵ֚יךְ תֹּאמַ֣ר אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ וְלִבְּךָ֖ אֵ֣ין אִתִּ֑י זֶ֣ה שָׁלֹ֤שׁ פְּעָמִים֙ הֵתַ֣לְתָּ בִּ֔י וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה כֹּחֲךָ֥ גָדֽוֹל׃ | Then she said to him, “How can you say, ‘I love you’, when your heart is not with me? That is three times you have mocked me and not told me what your great strength is due to.” | |
| Judg 16:16 | וַ֠יְהִי כִּֽי־הֵצִ֨יקָה לּ֧וֹ בִדְבָרֶ֛יהָ כָּל־הַיָּמִ֖ים וַתְּאַֽלֲצֵ֑הוּ וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ לָמֽוּת׃ | And it came to pass that she distressed him with her words every day, and she urged him, so that he was inwardly grieved to death. |
so that he was inwardly grieved ← and his soul was cut short. Purposive use of the vav.
to death ← to die. |
| Judg 16:17 | וַיַּגֶּד־לָ֣הּ אֶת־כָּל־לִבּ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מוֹרָה֙ לֹֽא־עָלָ֣ה עַל־רֹאשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־נְזִ֧יר אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֲנִ֖י מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמִּ֑י אִם־גֻּלַּ֙חְתִּי֙ וְסָ֣ר מִמֶּ֣נִּי כֹחִ֔י וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּכָל־הָאָדָֽם׃ | And he told her all his heart, and he said to her, “No razor has gone over my head, for I have been a Nazarite of God from my mother's womb. If I am shaved, then my strength will depart from me, and I will become weak, and I will become like any other man.” | any ← every. |
| Judg 16:18 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא דְלִילָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִגִּ֣יד לָהּ֮ אֶת־כָּל־לִבּוֹ֒ וַתִּשְׁלַ֡ח וַתִּקְרָא֩ לְסַרְנֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים לֵאמֹר֙ עֲל֣וּ הַפַּ֔עַם כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד *לה **לִ֖י אֶת־כָּל־לִבּ֑וֹ וְעָל֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיַּעֲל֥וּ הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּיָדָֽם׃ | And Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, and she sent word and called for the barons of the Philistines, and she said, {K: “Come up this time.” For he had told her all his heart.} [Q: “Come up this time, for he has told me all his heart.”] And the barons of the Philistines came up to her, and they brought up the silver in their hands. | hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:19 | וַתְּיַשְּׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־בִּרְכֶּ֔יהָ וַתִּקְרָ֣א לָאִ֔ישׁ וַתְּגַלַּ֕ח אֶת־שֶׁ֖בַע מַחְלְפ֣וֹת רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַתָּ֙חֶל֙ לְעַנּוֹת֔וֹ וַיָּ֥סַר כֹּח֖וֹ מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And she made him sleep on her knees, and she called for the man, and she had him shave the seven braids of his head, then she began to oppress him, and his strength departed from him. | |
| Judg 16:20 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּקַ֣ץ מִשְּׁנָת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵצֵ֞א כְּפַ֤עַם בְּפַ֙עַם֙ וְאִנָּעֵ֔ר וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה סָ֥ר מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And she said, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” And he awoke from his sleep, and he said, “I will go out as at other times and rouse myself.” But he did not know that the Lord had departed from him. | |
| Judg 16:21 | וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּהוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיְנַקְּר֖וּ אֶת־עֵינָ֑יו וַיּוֹרִ֨ידוּ אוֹת֜וֹ עַזָּ֗תָה וַיַּאַסְר֙וּהוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם וַיְהִ֥י טוֹחֵ֖ן בְּבֵ֥ית *האסירים **הָאֲסוּרִֽים׃ | Then the Philistines seized him, and they gouged out his eyes, and they brought him down to Gaza, and they bound him in fetters, and he became a millstone worker in the prison. |
prison: the ketiv is house of prisoners; the qeré is house of imprisoned (ones).
millstone worker ← grinder. |
| Judg 16:22 | וַיָּ֧חֶל שְׂעַר־רֹאשׁ֛וֹ לְצַמֵּ֖חַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר גֻּלָּֽח׃ פ | And the hair of his head began to grow after he had been shaven. | |
| Judg 16:23 | וְסַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים נֶֽאֱסְפוּ֙ לִזְבֹּ֧חַ זֶֽבַח־גָּד֛וֹל לְדָג֥וֹן אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נָתַ֤ן אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּיָדֵ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת שִׁמְשׁ֥וֹן אוֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines gathered to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, and for rejoicing, and they said, “Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands.” |
offer ← sacrifice.
hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:24 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְהַלְל֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ בְיָדֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔נוּ וְאֵת֙ מַחֲרִ֣יב אַרְצֵ֔נוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִרְבָּ֖ה אֶת־חֲלָלֵֽינוּ׃ |
And the people saw him, and they praised their god, for they said,
“Our god has delivered our enemy into our hands – The one who made our land desolate And who increased the number of our casualties.” |
hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:25 | וַֽיְהִי֙ *כי *טוב **כְּט֣וֹב לִבָּ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ קִרְא֥וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן וִישַֽׂחֶק־לָ֑נוּ וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן מִבֵּ֣ית *האסירים **הָאֲסוּרִ֗ים וַיְצַחֵק֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲמִ֥ידוּ אוֹת֖וֹ בֵּ֥ין הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | And it came to pass, {K: because} [Q: when] their heart was cheerful, that they said, “Call for Samson, and he will be sport for us.” So they called for Samson from prison, and he was sport before them, and they placed him between the columns. |
prison: see Judg 16:21.
be sport ... was sport: different but similar sounding verbs. |
| Judg 16:26 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶל־הַנַּ֨עַר הַמַּחֲזִ֣יק בְּיָדוֹ֮ הַנִּ֣יחָה אוֹתִי֒ *והימשני **וַהֲמִשֵׁ֙נִי֙ אֶת־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶשָּׁעֵ֖ן עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Samson said to the boy who held him by the hand, “Let me feel the columns by which the building is held up, so that I can lean on them.” | feel: the ketiv is from a verb cognate to that of the qeré. |
| Judg 16:27 | וְהַבַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֤א הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וְהַנָּשִׁ֔ים וְשָׁ֕מָּה כֹּ֖ל סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַל־הַגָּ֗ג כִּשְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה הָרֹאִ֖ים בִּשְׂח֥וֹק שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃ | And the building was full of men and women, and all the barons of the Philistines were there, and there were about three thousand men and women on the roof, watching the sport with Samson. | sport with ← sport of. |
| Judg 16:28 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֡ה זָכְרֵ֣נִי נָא֩ וְחַזְּקֵ֨נִי נָ֜א אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֤עַם הַזֶּה֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה נְקַם־אַחַ֛ת מִשְּׁתֵ֥י עֵינַ֖י מִפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And Samson called out to the Lord, and he said, “My Lord the Lord, do remember me and strengthen me just this once, O God, so that I will be avenged with one act of vengeance on the Philistines for my two eyes.” | |
| Judg 16:29 | וַיִּלְפֹּ֨ת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ עַמּוּדֵ֣י הַתָּ֗וֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַבַּ֙יִת֙ נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּסָּמֵ֖ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם אֶחָ֥ד בִּימִינ֖וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד בִּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ | And Samson took hold round the two central columns to which the building fixed, and he exerted force against them, one by his right hand, and one by his left hand. |
took hold round: with his hands widely opened, we suggest.
he exerted force against them ← rested heavily on. Or, with AV's sense, by which it was held up. So AV differs. The ↴ |
| Judg 16:30 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן תָּמ֣וֹת נַפְשִׁי֮ עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֒ וַיֵּ֣ט בְּכֹ֔חַ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַל־הַסְּרָנִ֔ים וְעַל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וַיִּהְי֤וּ הַמֵּתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵמִ֣ית בְּמוֹת֔וֹ רַבִּ֕ים מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵמִ֖ית בְּחַיָּֽיו׃ | And Samson said, “I myself will die with the Philistines.” And he stretched out in strength, and the building fell on the barons and on all the people in it, and those who died – whom he killed in his death – were more than those whom he killed in his life. |
↳ root meanings are leaning and supporting.
I myself ← my soul. |
| Judg 16:31 | וַיֵּרְד֨וּ אֶחָ֜יו וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיהוּ֮ וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אוֹת֗וֹ בֵּ֤ין צָרְעָה֙ וּבֵ֣ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹ֔ל בְּקֶ֖בֶר מָנ֣וֹחַ אָבִ֑יו וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | Then his brothers and the whole household of his father went down and took him and brought him up, and they buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the grave of Manoah his father. And he had judged Israel for twenty years. | |
| Judg 17:1 | וַֽיְהִי־אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽהַר־אֶפְרָ֖יִם וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃ | Now there was a man from Mount Ephraim, and his name was Micah. | Micah ← Micayehu, the AV / traditional English name being the short form here. In Judg 17:5 the short form is used in the Hebrew. |
| Judg 17:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִמּ֡וֹ אֶלֶף֩ וּמֵאָ֨ה הַכֶּ֜סֶף אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֻֽקַּֽח־לָ֗ךְ *ואתי **וְאַ֤תְּ אָלִית֙ וְגַם֙ אָמַ֣רְתְּ בְּאָזְנַ֔י הִנֵּֽה־הַכֶּ֥סֶף אִתִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י לְקַחְתִּ֑יו וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִמּ֔וֹ בָּר֥וּךְ בְּנִ֖י לַיהוָֽה׃ | And he said to his mother, “Regarding the one thousand one hundred pieces of silver which were taken from you, when you then cursed and also spoke in my ears: here is the silver; I have it with me – I took it.” And his mother said, “Blessed are you, my son, by the Lord.” |
you: the ketiv is an Aramaic form of the qeré.
here is ← behold. |
| Judg 17:3 | וַיָּ֛שֶׁב אֶת־אֶֽלֶף־וּמֵאָ֥ה הַכֶּ֖סֶף לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִמּ֡וֹ הַקְדֵּ֣שׁ הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף֩ לַיהוָ֨ה מִיָּדִ֜י לִבְנִ֗י לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ פֶּ֣סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֔ה וְעַתָּ֖ה אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לָֽךְ׃ | And he gave the one thousand one hundred pieces of silver back to his mother, and his mother said, “I had specifically dedicated the silver to the Lord from my own resources for my son, to make an engraved image and a cast image. But now I will give it back to you.” |
I had specifically dedicated: infinitive absolute. More literally, to sanctify I had sanctified.
resources ← hand. |
| Judg 17:4 | וַיָּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתִּקַּ֣ח אִמּוֹ֩ מָאתַ֨יִם כֶּ֜סֶף וַתִּתְּנֵ֣הוּ לַצּוֹרֵ֗ף וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ פֶּ֣סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י בְּבֵ֥ית מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃ | But he returned the silver to his mother. And his mother took two hundred pieces of silver, and she gave them to the silversmith, and he made them into an engraved image and a cast image, and they were in Micah's house. | silversmith ← refiner, but also a worker in precious metals generally. |
| Judg 17:5 | וְהָאִ֣ישׁ מִיכָ֔ה ל֖וֹ בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֵפוֹד֙ וּתְרָפִ֔ים וַיְמַלֵּ֗א אֶת־יַ֤ד אַחַד֙ מִבָּנָ֔יו וַיְהִי־ל֖וֹ לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And the man Micah had a house of gods, and he made an ephod and amulets, and he appointed one of his sons to be his priest. |
amulets: see Gen 31:19.
appointed ← filled the hand of. |
| Judg 17:6 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ פ | In those days there was no king in Israel – each man did what was right in his own eyes. | each man did what was right in his own eyes: a very negative statement. Compare Deut 12:18, Judg 21:25, Prov 16:2, Prov 26:12 and an extreme case in Judg 19:24. |
| Judg 17:7 | וַיְהִי־נַ֗עַר מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת יְהוּדָ֑ה וְה֥וּא לֵוִ֖י וְה֥וּא גָֽר־שָֽׁם׃ | And there was a lad from Bethlehem-Judah of the family of Judah, and he was a Levite, and he was staying there. |
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19.
of the family of Judah: perhaps referring the Bethlehem rather than the lad, as one could not be both ↴ |
| Judg 17:8 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הָאִ֜ישׁ מֵהָעִ֗יר מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה לָג֖וּר בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִמְצָ֑א וַיָּבֹ֧א הַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם עַד־בֵּ֥ית מִיכָ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ | And the man went from the city – from Bethlehem-Judah – to stay wherever he could find a livelihood, and he came to Mount Ephraim, to Micah's house, in making his way. |
↳ a Levite and of the tribe of Judah, paternally at least.
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 17:9 | וַיֹּאמֶר־ל֥וֹ מִיכָ֖ה מֵאַ֣יִן תָּב֑וֹא וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו לֵוִ֣י אָנֹ֗כִי מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאָנֹכִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ לָג֖וּר בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָֽא׃ | And Micah asked him, “Where have you come from?” And he said to him, “I am a Levite from Bethlehem-Judah, and I am moving around to stay wherever I find a livelihood.” | Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 17:10 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ מִיכָ֜ה שְׁבָ֣ה עִמָּדִ֗י וֶֽהְיֵה־לִי֮ לְאָ֣ב וּלְכֹהֵן֒ וְאָנֹכִ֨י אֶֽתֶּן־לְךָ֜ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לַיָּמִ֔ים וְעֵ֥רֶךְ בְּגָדִ֖ים וּמִחְיָתֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הַלֵּוִֽי׃ | Then Micah said to him, “Stay with me and be a father and a priest to me, and I will give you ten pieces of silver per year and a suit of clothes and your food.” And the Levite went in. |
father: in a religious sense. The roles are the opposite in an everyday sense in the next verse.
per year ← for the days. |
| Judg 17:11 | וַיּ֥וֹאֶל הַלֵּוִ֖י לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיְהִ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ ל֔וֹ כְּאַחַ֖ד מִבָּנָֽיו׃ | And the Levite was willing to stay with the man, and the lad became to him like one of his sons. | |
| Judg 17:12 | וַיְמַלֵּ֤א מִיכָה֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד הַלֵּוִ֔י וַיְהִי־ל֥וֹ הַנַּ֖עַר לְכֹהֵ֑ן וַיְהִ֖י בְּבֵ֥ית מִיכָֽה׃ | And Micah appointed the Levite, and the lad became his priest, and he was in Micah's house. | appointed ← filled the hand of. |
| Judg 17:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔ה עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־יֵיטִ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה לִ֑י כִּ֧י הָיָה־לִ֛י הַלֵּוִ֖י לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And Micah said, “Now I know that the Lord will be favourable to me, because I have the Levite as a priest.” | |
| Judg 18:1 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם שֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֞י מְבַקֶּשׁ־ל֤וֹ נַֽחֲלָה֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת כִּי֩ לֹֽא־נָ֨פְלָה לּ֜וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא בְּתוֹךְ־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּנַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | In those days there was no king in Israel, and in those days the Danite tribe was looking for an inheritance to dwell in, because up to that time no inheritance had fallen to it among the tribes of Israel. |
time ← day.
no inheritance ← no (thing) in inheritance. |
| Judg 18:2 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵי־דָ֣ן ׀ מִֽמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּ֡ם חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֣ים מִקְצוֹתָם֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵי־חַ֜יִל מִצָּרְעָ֣ה וּמֵֽאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֗ל לְרַגֵּ֤ל אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּלְחָקְרָ֔הּ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֖וּ חִקְר֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And the sons of Dan sent five men from their family – from their borders, valiant men – from Zorah and Eshtaol to spy out the land and to search it out, and they said to them, “Go and search out the land.” And they came to Mount Ephraim, to Micah's house, and they lodged there. | |
| Judg 18:3 | הֵ֚מָּה עִם־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה הִכִּ֔ירוּ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הַנַּ֖עַר הַלֵּוִ֑י וַיָּס֣וּרוּ שָׁ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ מִֽי־הֱבִיאֲךָ֣ הֲלֹ֔ם וּמָֽה־אַתָּ֥ה עֹשֶׂ֛ה בָּזֶ֖ה וּמַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹֽה׃ | They were with Micah's household, and they recognized the voice of the Levite lad, and they went aside there and said to him, “Who brought you here, and what are you doing in this place, and what is your business here?” | |
| Judg 18:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כָּזֹ֣ה וְכָזֶ֔ה עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י מִיכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׂכְּרֵ֕נִי וָאֱהִי־ל֖וֹ לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And he said to them, “Micah offered me this and that and hired me, and I became his priest.” | offered me this and that ← did for me like this and like this. |
| Judg 18:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ שְׁאַל־נָ֣א בֵאלֹהִ֑ים וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה הֲתַצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכֵּ֔נוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנַ֖חְנוּ הֹלְכִ֥ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then they said to him, “Kindly ask God so that we may know whether our way on which we are going will be prosperous.” | |
| Judg 18:6 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לְכ֣וּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם נֹ֣כַח יְהוָ֔ה דַּרְכְּכֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃ פ | And the priest said to them, “Go in peace. Your way on which you are going is before the Lord.” | |
| Judg 18:7 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לָ֑יְשָׁה וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־לָ֠בֶטַח כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט צִדֹנִ֜ים שֹׁקֵ֣ט ׀ וּבֹטֵ֗חַ וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים דָּבָ֤ר בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ יוֹרֵ֣שׁ עֶ֔צֶר וּרְחֹקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם עִם־אָדָֽם׃ | And the five men departed, and they came to Laish, and they saw the people inside it, dwelling in security, in the manner of the Sidonians, being quiet and secure, with no-one who possessed authority accusing anyone of any shame in the land. Now they were far from the Sidonians, and they had no business with any man. | Sidonians (2x): see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidonians. |
| Judg 18:8 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם צָרְעָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם מָ֥ה אַתֶּֽם׃ | Then they went back to their brothers in Zorah and Eshtaol, and their brothers said to them, “What news have you?” | went ← came. |
| Judg 18:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ ק֚וּמָה וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֤י רָאִ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד וְאַתֶּ֣ם מַחְשִׁ֔ים אַל־תֵּעָ֣צְל֔וּ לָלֶ֥כֶת לָבֹ֖א לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And they said, “Arise, and let us go up against them, for we have seen the land, and we have seen that it is very good. But you are silent. Do not be slack in going to enter in and to take possession of the land. |
we have seen that ← behold.
in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 18:10 | כְּבֹאֲכֶ֞ם תָּבֹ֣אוּ ׀ אֶל־עַ֣ם בֹּטֵ֗חַ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רַחֲבַ֣ת יָדַ֔יִם כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥הּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם מָקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֣ם מַחְס֔וֹר כָּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | As you arrive, you will come to a self-confident people. And the land is very wide, for God has delivered it into your hands – a place where there is no lack of anything in the land.” |
very wide ← wide of hands.
hands ← hand. anything ← everything. |
| Judg 18:11 | וַיִּסְע֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַדָּנִ֔י מִצָּרְעָ֖ה וּמֵאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ חָג֖וּר כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | Then six hundred men of the Danite family, girded with weapons of war, moved from there – from Zorah and Eshtaol – | |
| Judg 18:12 | וַֽיַּעֲל֗וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בְּקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִ֖ים בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן קָרְאוּ֩ לַמָּק֨וֹם הַה֜וּא מַחֲנֵה־דָ֗ן עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הִנֵּ֕ה אַחֲרֵ֖י קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | and they went up and encamped at Kiriath-Jearim in Judah, which is why they call that place Mahaneh-Dan up to this day. Its location is behind Kiriath-Jearim. |
Kiriath-Jearim (2x): see Josh 9:17.
Mahaneh-Dan: i.e. Camp of Dan. its location is ← behold. |
| Judg 18:13 | וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ מִשָּׁ֖ם הַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־בֵּ֥ית מִיכָֽה׃ | And they crossed from there to Mount Ephraim, and they went up to Micah's house. | |
| Judg 18:14 | וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּל֮ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ לַיִשׁ֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם הַיְדַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣שׁ בַּבָּתִּ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵפ֣וֹד וּתְרָפִ֔ים וּפֶ֖סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֖ה דְּע֥וּ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | Then the five men who had gone to spy out the land of Laish spoke and said to their brothers, “Did you know that there is an ephod and amulets in these houses, and an engraved image and a cast image? So now, decide what you are going to do.” |
spoke ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Gen 18:27, Gen 31:36.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. decide ← know. |
| Judg 18:15 | וַיָּס֣וּרוּ שָׁ֔מָּה וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל־בֵּֽית־הַנַּ֥עַר הַלֵּוִ֖י בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ־ל֖וֹ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then they turned aside to there, and they went to the house of the Levite lad – to Micah's house – and they asked him how he was. | how he was ← about peace. |
| Judg 18:16 | וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ חֲגוּרִים֙ כְּלֵ֣י מִלְחַמְתָּ֔ם נִצָּבִ֖ים פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִבְּנֵי־דָֽן׃ | And the six hundred men, girded with their weapons of war, who were from the sons of Dan, stood at the entrance of the gate. | |
| Judg 18:17 | וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּ֣ל אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔מָּה לָקְח֗וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמַּסֵּכָ֑ה וְהַכֹּהֵ֗ן נִצָּב֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת הָאִ֔ישׁ הֶחָג֖וּר כְּלֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And the five men who had gone to spy out the land went up and went in there. They took the engraved image and the ephod and the amulets and the cast image, while the priest stood at the entrance of the gate, with the six hundred men girded with weapons of war. | amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Judg 18:18 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־פֶּ֣סֶל הָאֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמַּסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֖ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | So these men went to Micah's house, and they took the engraved image, the ephod and the amulets and the cast image. And the priest said to them, “What are you doing?” |
the engraved image, the ephod: MT punctuation suggests the engraved image of the ephod, but that is hardly consistent with the rest of the narrative.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Judg 18:19 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ ל֨וֹ הַחֲרֵ֜שׁ שִֽׂים־יָדְךָ֤ עַל־פִּ֙יךָ֙ וְלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔נוּ וֶֽהְיֵה־לָ֖נוּ לְאָ֣ב וּלְכֹהֵ֑ן הֲט֣וֹב ׀ הֱיוֹתְךָ֣ כֹהֵ֗ן לְבֵית֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד א֚וֹ הֱיוֹתְךָ֣ כֹהֵ֔ן לְשֵׁ֥בֶט וּלְמִשְׁפָּחָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they said to him, “Be silent, and put your hand to your mouth, and come with us, and be a father and a priest to us. Is it better for you to be a priest to the house of one man or for you to be a priest to a tribe and family in Israel?” | |
| Judg 18:20 | וַיִּיטַב֙ לֵ֣ב הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַפָּ֑סֶל וַיָּבֹ֖א בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָעָֽם׃ | Then the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod and the amulets and the engraved image, and he went among the people. |
amulets: see Gen 31:19.
he went among ← he entered into the midst of. |
| Judg 18:21 | וַיִּפְנ֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ אֶת־הַטַּ֧ף וְאֶת־הַמִּקְנֶ֛ה וְאֶת־הַכְּבוּדָּ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then they turned around and departed, and they put the little ones and the cattle and the precious things before them. | precious things: AV differs (carriage, i.e. goods). |
| Judg 18:22 | הֵ֥מָּה הִרְחִ֖יקוּ מִבֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֑ה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עִם־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה נִֽזְעֲק֔וּ וַיַּדְבִּ֖יקוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָֽן׃ | When they had moved away from Micah's house, the men who were in the houses which were associated with Micah's house mobilized themselves and caught up with the sons of Dan. | mobilized themselves ← were called out, or called themselves out. Micah goes with the men (next verse). |
| Judg 18:23 | וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן וַיַּסֵּ֖בּוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְמִיכָ֔ה מַה־לְּךָ֖ כִּ֥י נִזְעָֽקְתָּ׃ | And they called out to the sons of Dan, who turned round and said to Micah, “What is the matter with you that you should mobilize yourself like this?” |
turned round ← turned their faces.
mobilize yourself: see Judg 18:22. |
| Judg 18:24 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר אֶת־אֱלֹהַי֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֨יתִי לְקַחְתֶּ֧ם וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֛ן וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ וּמַה־לִּ֣י ע֑וֹד וּמַה־זֶּ֛ה תֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלַ֖י מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And he said, “You have taken my gods which I made, and the priest, and you have departed. So what remains for me, and what is this that you say to me, ‘What is the matter with you?’?” |
remains ← (is) still.
what ... what: two questions asked, nested. Compare Judg 9:38. |
| Judg 18:25 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן אַל־תַּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלְךָ֖ עִמָּ֑נוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֣וּ בָכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁים֙ מָ֣רֵי נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֥ה נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃ | And the sons of Dan said to him, “Do not let your voice be heard with us in case any embittered men attack you and you gather yourself and the people of your household with the dead.” |
embittered ← bitter of soul.
you gather yourself and the people of your household ← you gather your soul and the soul of your household. |
| Judg 18:26 | וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּ֣רְא מִיכָ֗ה כִּי־חֲזָקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וַיִּ֖פֶן וַיָּ֥שָׁב אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | Then the sons of Dan went their way and Micah saw that they were stronger than he, so he turned round and went back to his house. | |
| Judg 18:27 | וְהֵ֨מָּה לָקְח֜וּ אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מִיכָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָה־לוֹ֒ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ עַל־לַ֗יִשׁ עַל־עַם֙ שֹׁקֵ֣ט וּבֹטֵ֔חַ וַיַּכּ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ם לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | So they took what Micah had had made, and the priest whom he had, and they came to Laish, to a quiet and self-confident people, and they struck them down with the edge of the sword, and they burnt the city with fire. | had had made ← had made. Causative use; compare Ex 32:4, Ex 32:35. Num 19:3. |
| Judg 18:28 | וְאֵ֨ין מַצִּ֜יל כִּ֧י רְֽחוֹקָה־הִ֣יא מִצִּיד֗וֹן וְדָבָ֤ר אֵין־לָהֶם֙ עִם־אָדָ֔ם וְהִ֕יא בָּעֵ֖מֶק אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־רְח֑וֹב וַיִּבְנ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with any man, and it was in the valley which belongs to Beth-Rehob. Then they built up the city and dwelt in it. | Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Judg 18:29 | וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ שֵׁם־הָעִיר֙ דָּ֔ן בְּשֵׁם֙ דָּ֣ן אֲבִיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוּלַּ֖ד לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם לַ֥יִשׁ שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And they called the city Dan after their father Dan who was born to Israel, but the name of the city at first was Laish. | after ← in the name of. |
| Judg 18:30 | וַיָּקִ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן אֶת־הַפָּ֑סֶל וִ֠יהוֹנָתָן בֶּן־גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה ה֣וּא וּבָנָ֗יו הָי֤וּ כֹהֲנִים֙ לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֔י עַד־י֖וֹם גְּל֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the sons of Dan set up the engraved image for themselves, whilst Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh – he and his sons – became priests to the Danite tribe up to the day when the land became captive. | Jonathan ← Jehonathan, but elsewhere it is often just Jonathan. |
| Judg 18:31 | וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל מִיכָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה כָּל־יְמֵ֛י הֱי֥וֹת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ | And they set up for themselves Micah's engraved image which he had had made for all the time when the house of God was in Shiloh. |
he had had made ← he made. Causative sense, and pluperfect tense, inferred.
time ← days. |
| Judg 19:1 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a Levite man staying on the far side of Mount Ephraim, and he took for himself a concubine woman from Bethlehem-Judah. | Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 19:2 | וַתִּזְנֶ֤ה עָלָיו֙ פִּֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֕ם יָמִ֖ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And his concubine played the harlot on him, and she went from him to her father's house, to Bethlehem-Judah, and she was there for a year and four months. |
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19.
a year and four months ← days, four months. Compare Judg 17:10 where we take days to mean a year, and 1 Sam 27:7, which reads days and four months. Alternatively, the sense here ↴ |
| Judg 19:3 | וַיָּ֨קָם אִישָׁ֜הּ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַחֲרֶ֗יהָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עַל־לִבָּהּ֙ *להשיבו **לַהֲשִׁיבָ֔הּ וְנַעֲר֥וֹ עִמּ֖וֹ וְצֶ֣מֶד חֲמֹרִ֑ים וַתְּבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ וַיִּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֖ח לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃ | Then her husband-as-it-were arose and went after her to speak kindly to her, {Q: to bring her back} [K: to bring him back], and his servant-lad was with him, with a pair of donkeys. And she brought him into her father's house, and when the young lady's father saw him, he was pleased at meeting him. |
↳ is a period of four months, as AV. So AV differs.
The ketiv could be an older usage where the masculine pronoun does duty for both genders. to speak kindly to her ← to speak on her heart. |
| Judg 19:4 | וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And his father-in-law as it were – the father of the young lady – prevailed upon him, and he stayed with him for three days, and they ate and drank, and they lodged there. | |
| Judg 19:5 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֔י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֥ימוּ בַבֹּ֖קֶר וַיָּ֣קָם לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֲבִ֨י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֜ה אֶל־חֲתָנ֗וֹ סְעָ֧ד לִבְּךָ֛ פַּת־לֶ֖חֶם וְאַחַ֥ר תֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | And it came to pass on the fourth day that they got up early, and he arose to go, but the father of the young lady said to his son-in-law, “Refresh your heart with a bit of food, and afterwards you can go.” | food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Judg 19:6 | וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ וַיֹּאכְל֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וַיִּשְׁתּ֑וּ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֲבִ֤י הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ הֽוֹאֶל־נָ֥א וְלִ֖ין וְיִטַ֥ב לִבֶּֽךָ׃ | So they stayed and ate – both of them together – and they drank, and the father of the young lady said to the man, “Please be willing to lodge and let your heart be cheerful.” | |
| Judg 19:7 | וַיָּ֥קָם הָאִ֖ישׁ לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיִּפְצַר־בּוֹ֙ חֹתְנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּ֥לֶן שָֽׁם׃ | But the man got up to go, but his father-in-law put pressure on him, and he lodged there again. | |
| Judg 19:8 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם בַּבֹּ֜קֶר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי֮ לָלֶכֶת֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה סְעָד־נָא֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ וְהִֽתְמַהְמְה֖וּ עַד־נְט֣וֹת הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he arose early to go on the fifth day, but the father of the young lady said, “Do refresh your heart. And they tarried until the day turned noon.” And the two of them ate. | the day turned noon ← the declining of the day. |
| Judg 19:9 | וַיָּ֤קָם הָאִישׁ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת ה֥וּא וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ וְנַעֲר֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֣וֹ חֹתְנ֣וֹ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה נָא֩ רָפָ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם לַעֲרֹ֗ב לִֽינוּ־נָ֞א הִנֵּ֨ה חֲנ֤וֹת הַיּוֹם֙ לִ֥ין פֹּה֙ וְיִיטַ֣ב לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְדַרְכְּכֶ֔ם וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ׃ | Then the man got up to go – he and his concubine and his servant-lad – but his father-in-law, the father of the young lady, said to him, “Look, the day is declining so as to draw towards evening. Please lodge; see how the day is drawing in. Lodge here, and let your heart be cheerful, and get up early tomorrow for your journey, and go to your tent.” | look ← look, please. |
| Judg 19:10 | וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ לָל֔וּן וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־נֹ֣כַח יְב֔וּס הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעִמּ֗וֹ צֶ֤מֶד חֲמוֹרִים֙ חֲבוּשִׁ֔ים וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | But the man was not willing to lodge, and he got up and departed and came to opposite Jebus – that is Jerusalem – and with him were the pair of donkeys, saddled, and his concubine was also with him. | |
| Judg 19:11 | הֵ֣ם עִם־יְב֔וּס וְהַיּ֖וֹם רַ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַנַּ֜עַר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֗יו לְכָה־נָּ֛א וְנָס֛וּרָה אֶל־עִֽיר־הַיְבוּסִ֥י הַזֹּ֖את וְנָלִ֥ין בָּֽהּ׃ | They were near Jebus when the day was very much in decline, and the servant-lad said to his master, “Please go and let us turn aside to this city of the Jebusites and lodge in it.” | near ← with. |
| Judg 19:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃ | But his master said to him, “We will not turn aside to a foreigner's city where there aren't any sons of Israel, but we will cross to Gibeah.” | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ לְךָ֥ וְנִקְרְבָ֖ה בְּאַחַ֣ד הַמְּקֹמ֑וֹת וְלַ֥נּוּ בַגִּבְעָ֖ה א֥וֹ בָרָמָֽה׃ | And he said to his servant-lad, “Come, and we will approach one of the places, and we will lodge in Gibeah or in Ramah.” | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:14 | וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתָּבֹ֤א לָהֶם֙ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ אֵ֥צֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ | Then they crossed over, and they proceeded, and the sun set on them beside Gibeah, which is Benjamin's. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. Here, the Gibeah. |
| Judg 19:15 | וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ שָׁ֔ם לָב֖וֹא לָל֣וּן בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֗א וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֥ין אִ֛ישׁ מְאַסֵּֽף־אוֹתָ֥ם הַבַּ֖יְתָה לָלֽוּן׃ | And they turned aside there to go and lodge in Gibeah. When he arrived there, he sat in a city street, for no-one would receive them indoors to lodge. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:16 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃ | Now there was an old man coming from his work – from the field – in the evening, and the man was from Mount Ephraim, and he was staying in Gibeah, but the men of the place were Benjaminites. |
there was: behold.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:17 | וַיִּשָּׂ֣א עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֛רְא אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הָאֹרֵ֖חַ בִּרְחֹ֣ב הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֧ישׁ הַזָּקֵ֛ן אָ֥נָה תֵלֵ֖ךְ וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֽוֹא׃ | And he raised his eyes, and he saw the traveller in a city street, and the old man said, “Where are you going, and where do you come from?” | traveller ← travelling man. |
| Judg 19:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ | And he said to him, “We are crossing from Bethlehem-Judah to the far side of Mount Ephraim. I am from there. And I went to Bethlehem-Judah, and I am going to the house of the Lord, but no-one will receive me in their house. | Bethlehem-Judah (2x): see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 19:19 | וְגַם־תֶּ֤בֶן גַּם־מִסְפּוֹא֙ יֵ֣שׁ לַחֲמוֹרֵ֔ינוּ וְ֠גַם לֶ֣חֶם וָיַ֤יִן יֶשׁ־לִי֙ וְלַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְלַנַּ֖עַר עִם־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֵ֥ין מַחְס֖וֹר כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃ | Yet we have not only straw and also fodder for our donkeys, but I also have bread and wine, including for your maidservant and the servant-lad, whom you can reckon with your servants. There is no lack of anything.” |
not only ... and also ... but ... also ← and also ... also ... and also.
your servants: Micah politely calls his concubine and his servant “servants” of the old man. anything ← everything. |
| Judg 19:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזָּקֵן֙ שָׁל֣וֹם לָ֔ךְ רַ֥ק כָּל־מַחְסוֹרְךָ֖ עָלָ֑י רַ֥ק בָּרְח֖וֹב אַל־תָּלַֽן׃ | And the old man said, “Peace to you. Only let all your needs be my responsibility, and do not lodge in the street.” |
my responsibility ← on me.
and ← only. |
| Judg 19:21 | וַיְבִיאֵ֣הוּ לְבֵית֔וֹ וַיָּ֖בָול לַחֲמוֹרִ֑ים וַֽיִּרְחֲצוּ֙ רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | And he brought him into his house, and he fed the donkeys, and they washed their feet, and they ate and drank. | fed: other editions have ketiv= וַיָּבוֹל, qeré= וַיָּבָל, from בלל, where the ketiv has rare long vowel in the vav consecutive form of essentially the same word. |
| Judg 19:22 | הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃ | While they were making their hearts merry, what happened was some men of the city – good-for-nothing men – surrounded the house, and they knocked on the door and spoke to the old man who was master of the house, and they said, “Bring out the man who went into your house so that we may know him.” |
hearts ← heart.
what happened was ← behold. good-for-nothing men ← sons of without use. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 19:23 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔י אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And the man who was master of the house came out and said to them, “No, my brothers, please do not act wickedly, because this man has come into my house. Do not do this disgraceful thing. | |
| Judg 19:24 | הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה וּפִֽילַגְשֵׁ֗הוּ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Here is my virgin daughter, and this man's concubine. Let me bring them out. Then rape them and do to them what is right in your eyes, but do not do this immoral thing to this man.” |
here is ← behold.
this man's ← his. immoral thing ← thing of immorality, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Judg 19:25 | וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ *בעלות **כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ | But the men were not willing to listen to him, and the man took hold of his concubine and brought her outside to them, and they knew her, and they abused her all night until morning, and they let her go {K: when dawn came} [Q: as dawn was coming]. | |
| Judg 19:26 | וַתָּבֹ֥א הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לִפְנ֣וֹת הַבֹּ֑קֶר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל פֶּ֧תַח בֵּית־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֲדוֹנֶ֥יהָ שָּׁ֖ם עַד־הָאֽוֹר׃ | And the woman came at daybreak and fell down at the door of the house of the man where her master was, until daylight. | |
| Judg 19:27 | וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּפְתַּח֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֵּצֵ֖א לָלֶ֣כֶת לְדַרְכּ֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֣ה פִֽילַגְשׁ֗וֹ נֹפֶ֙לֶת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֔יִת וְיָדֶ֖יהָ עַל־הַסַּֽף׃ | And her master rose in the morning and opened the doors of the house and went out to go his way, and what he saw was the woman who was his concubine fallen down at the entrance to the house with her hands on the threshold. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 19:28 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ ק֥וּמִי וְנֵלֵ֖כָה וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַיִּקָּחֶ֙הָ֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַיָּ֣קָם הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | And he said to her, “Get up and let's go.” But no-one answered. Then he took her on his donkey. Then the man got up and went back home. | back home ← to his place. |
| Judg 19:29 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־בֵּית֗וֹ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֙לֶת֙ וַיַּחֲזֵ֣ק בְּפִֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַֽיְנַתְּחֶ֙הָ֙ לַעֲצָמֶ֔יהָ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר נְתָחִ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And when he came to his house, he took a knife, and he took hold of his concubine, and he cut her in pieces by her bones – into twelve pieces – and he dispersed her into every territory of Israel. |
a knife ← the knife. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
dispersed ← sent. territory ← border. |
| Judg 19:30 | וְהָיָ֣ה כָל־הָרֹאֶ֗ה וְאָמַר֙ לֹֽא־נִהְיְתָ֤ה וְלֹֽא־נִרְאֲתָה֙ כָּזֹ֔את לְמִיּ֞וֹם עֲל֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִֽׂימוּ־לָכֶ֥ם עָלֶ֖יהָ עֻ֥צוּ וְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ פ | And it came to pass that everyone who saw it said, “Nothing like this has happened or has been seen from the day the sons of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt, up to this day. Consider it, deliberate, and speak out.” | |
| Judg 20:1 | וַיֵּצְאוּ֮ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַתִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעֵדָ֜ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד לְמִדָּן֙ וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע וְאֶ֖רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | Then all the sons of Israel went out, and the congregation assembled in unanimity from Dan to Beersheba and the land of Gilead, to the Lord in Mizpah. |
in unanimity ← as one man.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 20:2 | וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֞וּ פִּנּ֣וֹת כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּקְהַ֖ל עַ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֥ישׁ רַגְלִ֖י שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃ פ | And the key men of all the people – of all the tribes of Israel – stood up in the convocation of the people of God, four hundred thousand infantrymen who drew the sword. | key men ← corners. |
| Judg 20:3 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Now the sons of Benjamin heard that the sons of Israel had gone up to Mizpah. And the sons of Israel said, “Explain how this wickedness came about.” |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
explain ← speak. |
| Judg 20:4 | וַיַּ֜עַן הָאִ֣ישׁ הַלֵּוִ֗י אִ֛ישׁ הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַגִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּ֛אתִי אֲנִ֥י וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י לָלֽוּן׃ | And the Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, answered and said, “I and my concubine arrived in Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin, to lodge there. |
the Levite ← the Levite man, the subject of the previous chapter.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:5 | וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ עָלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ עָלַ֛י אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת לָ֑יְלָה אוֹתִי֙ דִּמּ֣וּ לַהֲרֹ֔ג וְאֶת־פִּילַגְשִׁ֥י עִנּ֖וּ וַתָּמֹֽת׃ | And the inhabitants of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house on me by night. They intended to kill me, and they raped my concubine, and she died. |
inhabitants ← masters, owners.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:6 | וָֽאֹחֵ֤ז בְּפִֽילַגְשִׁי֙ וָֽאֲנַתְּחֶ֔הָ וָֽאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכָל־שְׂדֵ֖ה נַחֲלַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י עָשׂ֛וּ זִמָּ֥ה וּנְבָלָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So I took hold of my concubine, and I cut her in pieces, and I dispersed her into all the country of the inheritance of Israel, for they committed depravity and immorality in Israel. | dispersed ← sent. |
| Judg 20:7 | הִנֵּ֥ה כֻלְּכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם דָּבָ֥ר וְעֵצָ֖ה הֲלֹֽם׃ | Behold, you are all sons of Israel. Give your verdict and counsel here.” | verdict ← word. |
| Judg 20:8 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאָהֳל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א נָס֖וּר אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And all the people arose unanimously and said, “Not one of us will go to his tent, and not one of us will turn in to his house. | unanimously ← as one man. |
| Judg 20:9 | וְעַתָּ֕ה זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַגִּבְעָ֑ה עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּגוֹרָֽל׃ | For now this is the thing which we will do to Gibeah, against it, by lot: | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:10 | וְלָקַ֣חְנוּ עֲשָׂרָה֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים לַמֵּאָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל ׀ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמֵאָ֤ה לָאֶ֙לֶף֙ וְאֶ֣לֶף לָרְבָבָ֔ה לָקַ֥חַת צֵדָ֖ה לָעָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְבוֹאָם֙ לְגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֔ן כְּכָל־הַ֨נְּבָלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | we will take ten men per hundred from all the tribes of Israel, and one hundred per thousand, and one thousand per ten thousand, to take provisions for the people, for them to do to Geba of Benjamin when they arrive there what they deserve for all the immorality which they did in Israel.” |
from ← for; according to.
Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 15:57, Josh 18:24. But it is the same place as Gibeah in Judg 19:12 and elsewhere in this narrative. |
| Judg 20:11 | וַיֵּֽאָסֵ֞ף כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד חֲבֵרִֽים׃ פ | So every man of Israel gathered against the city, unanimously, in league. |
unanimously ← as one man.
in league ← (as) associates. |
| Judg 20:12 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֞וּ שִׁבְטֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר מָ֚ה הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּכֶֽם׃ | And the tribes of Israel sent men throughout all the tribes of Benjamin, and they said, “What is this evil act which has taken place among you? | tribes of Benjamin: presumably sub-groups or clans of the tribe of Benjamin. The men of Gibeah / Geba were Benjaminites (Judg 19:16). |
| Judg 20:13 | וְעַתָּ֡ה תְּנוּ֩ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּגִּבְעָה֙ וּנְמִיתֵ֔ם וּנְבַעֲרָ֥ה רָעָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ **בְּנֵ֣י בִּנְיָמִ֔ן לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ בְּק֖וֹל אֲחֵיהֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So now, hand over the good-for-nothing men who are in Gibeah so that we can put them to death and eradicate evil from Israel.” But {K: the sons of} [Q: the sons of] Benjamin were not willing to comply with their brothers, the sons of Israel. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
so that: purposive use of the vav. eradicate ← burn away. comply with ← hear the voice of. |
| Judg 20:14 | וַיֵּאָסְפ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֛ן מִן־הֶעָרִ֖ים הַגִּבְעָ֑תָה לָצֵ֥את לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the sons of Benjamin gathered together in Gibeah from the cities so as to go out to war against the sons of Israel. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 20:15 | וַיִּתְפָּֽקְדוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֜ן בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב לְ֠בַד מִיֹּשְׁבֵ֤י הַגִּבְעָה֙ הִתְפָּ֣קְד֔וּ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ בָּחֽוּר׃ | And the sons of Benjamin were counted on that day, from the cities, as twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, apart from the inhabitants of Gibeah who were counted: seven hundred choice men. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:16 | מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ בָּח֔וּר אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ כָּל־זֶ֗ה קֹלֵ֧עַ בָּאֶ֛בֶן אֶל־הַֽשַּׂעֲרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יַחֲטִֽא׃ פ | From all this people there were seven hundred choice men who were left-handed. Each of these could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. |
miss: pointed as hiphil, though the consonantal text suggests qal, which would make the word identical to sin.
left-handed ← bound (in) his right hand. each ← every. |
| Judg 20:17 | וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הִתְפָּֽקְד֗וּ לְבַד֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב כָּל־זֶ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | And each man of Israel was counted, apart from Benjamin: four hundred thousand men who drew the sword. All these were men of war. | |
| Judg 20:18 | וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית־אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה׃ | And they arose and went up to Beth-El, and they inquired of God, and the sons of Israel said, “Which of us should go up first into battle against the sons of Benjamin?” And the Lord said, “Judah will go up first.” | Beth-El: or house of God, as AV, but we take it as the place name. We have house of God in Gen 28:17, Gen 28:22, Judg 18:31, from Beth-Elohim. So AV differs. |
| Judg 20:19 | וַיָּק֥וּמוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ פ | Then the sons of Israel arose in the morning and encamped against Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:20 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ אִתָּ֧ם אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִלְחָמָ֖ה אֶל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ | And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin, and the men of Israel drew themselves up for battle against them in Gibeah. |
men (2x) ← man. Collective usage. The second occurrence takes a plural verb.
against (2x) ← with. See Gen 14:8. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:21 | וַיֵּצְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן מִן־הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁחִ֨יתוּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁנַ֨יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And the sons of Benjamin went out from Gibeah and dispatched twenty-two thousand men of Israel to the ground on that day. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:22 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בַּמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥רְכוּ שָׁ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | But the people – the men of Israel – encouraged themselves and drew up for battle again in the place where they had drawn up on the first day. | |
| Judg 20:23 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָה֮ עַד־הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | And the sons of Israel went up and wept before the Lord until evening, and they inquired of the Lord and said, “Should I again engage in battle the sons of Benjamin my brother?” And the Lord said, “Go up against him.” | |
| Judg 20:24 | וַיִּקְרְב֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And the sons of Israel engaged the sons of Benjamin on the second day. | |
| Judg 20:25 | וַיֵּצֵא֩ בִנְיָמִ֨ן ׀ לִקְרָאתָ֥ם ׀ מִֽן־הַגִּבְעָה֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל ע֗וֹד שְׁמֹנַ֨ת עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָ֑רְצָה כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לְפֵי חָֽרֶב׃ | And Benjamin came out from Gibeah to confront them on the second day, and they dispatched another eighteen thousand men among the sons of Israel to the ground, all these drawing the sword. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:26 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ כָל־בְּנֵי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וְכָל־הָעָ֜ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּצ֥וּמוּ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַֽיַּעֲל֛וּ עֹל֥וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then all the sons of Israel went up with all the people, and they came to Beth-El, and they wept, and they sat there before the Lord, and they fasted on that day until evening, and they offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings before the Lord. | Beth-El: see Judg 20:18. |
| Judg 20:27 | וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֗ם אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵֽם׃ | Then the sons of Israel inquired of the Lord, for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days, | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 20:28 | וּ֠פִינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֨ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֜ן עֹמֵ֣ד ׀ לְפָנָ֗יו בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַאוֹסִ֨ף ע֜וֹד לָצֵ֧את לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה עִם־בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֥ן אָחִ֖י אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ עֲל֔וּ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר אֶתְּנֶ֥נּוּ בְיָדֶֽךָ׃ | and Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, was standing before it in those days, and he said, “Should I yet again go out to battle against the sons of Benjamin my brother, or should I cease?” And the Lord said, “Go up, for tomorrow I will deliver him into your hand.” |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 20:29 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֹֽרְבִ֔ים אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ פ | Then Israel placed men in an ambush around Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:30 | וַיַּעֲל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֖ה כְּפַ֥עַם בְּפָֽעַם׃ | And the sons of Israel went up against the sons of Benjamin on the third day, and they drew up against Gibeah as on previous occasions. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
as on previous occasions ← as time on time. |
| Judg 20:31 | וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Benjamin came out to confront the people, and they were drawn away from the city, and they began to strike down some of the people dead as on previous occasions, on the highways, one of which goes up to Beth-El, and one to Gibeah in the field – about thirty men of Israel. |
as on previous occasions: see Judg 20:30.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:32 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן נִגָּפִ֥ים הֵ֛ם לְפָנֵ֖ינוּ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָמְר֗וּ נָנ֙וּסָה֙ וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר אֶל־הַֽמְסִלּֽוֹת׃ | Then the sons of Benjamin said, “They are defeated at our advance as at first.” But the sons of Israel said, “Let us flee and draw them away from the city to the highways.” | them ← him. Collective usage. |
| Judg 20:33 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל קָ֚מוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ וַיַּעַרְכ֖וּ בְּבַ֣עַל תָּמָ֑ר וְאֹרֵ֧ב יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵגִ֥יחַ מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹ מִמַּֽעֲרֵה־גָֽבַע׃ | And every man of Israel arose from his place, and they drew up in Baal-Tamar, and Israel's ambush burst out of its place – out of the scrubland of Geba. | Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 18:24, Judg 20:10. |
| Judg 20:34 | וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ מִנֶּ֨גֶד לַגִּבְעָ֜ה עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֤ישׁ בָּחוּר֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כָּבֵ֑דָה וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נֹגַ֥עַת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעָֽה׃ פ | And ten thousand choice men from all Israel came opposite Gibeah, and the battle was heavy, but they did not know that a calamity was about to hit them. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
a calamity ← the calamity. The definite article here is not entirely unexpected. |
| Judg 20:35 | וַיִּגֹּ֨ף יְהוָ֥ה ׀ אֶֽת־בִּנְיָמִן֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּבִנְיָמִן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף וּמֵאָ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לֵף חָֽרֶב׃ | And the Lord struck Benjamin before Israel, and the sons of Israel dispatched twenty-five thousand one hundred men of Benjamin on that day – all these drew the sword. | of Benjamin ← in Benjamin. |
| Judg 20:36 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן כִּ֣י נִגָּ֑פוּ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל מָקוֹם֙ לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּ֤י בָֽטְחוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֹרֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר שָׂ֖מוּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ | And the sons of Benjamin saw that they had been defeated, and that the men of Israel had only given way to Benjamin because they relied on the ambush which they had placed in Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:37 | וְהָאֹרֵ֣ב הֵחִ֔ישׁוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הָאֹרֵ֔ב וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And the ambush hastened and invaded Gibeah, and the ambush drew up and struck all the city with the edge of the sword. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:38 | וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | Now there was an agreed signal between the men of Israel and the ambush: they would make smoke rise profusely from the city. | they would make smoke rise profusely ← make much their raising the lifting of the smoke. |
| Judg 20:39 | וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבִנְיָמִ֡ן הֵחֵל֩ לְהַכּ֨וֹת חֲלָלִ֤ים בְּאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ אַךְ֩ נִגּ֨וֹף נִגָּ֥ף הוּא֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | When the men of Israel retreated in the battle, Benjamin began to strike some dead among the men of Israel, about thirty men, for they said, “Surely he has been defeated before us, as in the first battle.” | surely he has been defeated: infinitive absolute, strengthened by a particle. |
| Judg 20:40 | וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗ת הֵחֵ֛לָּה לַעֲל֥וֹת מִן־הָעִ֖יר עַמּ֣וּד עָשָׁ֑ן וַיִּ֤פֶן בִּנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֛ה עָלָ֥ה כְלִיל־הָעִ֖יר הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃ | But when the rising signal began to rise from the city – a column of smoke – Benjamin turned round, and what they saw was that the whole city was going up into the sky. | what they saw was that ← behold. |
| Judg 20:41 | וְאִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָפַ֔ךְ וַיִּבָּהֵ֖ל אִ֣ישׁ בִּנְיָמִ֑ן כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי־נָגְעָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו הָרָעָֽה׃ | Then the men of Israel turned round, and the men of Benjamin were terrified, because they saw that a calamity had struck them. | men ... men ... were ... they ... them ← man ... man ... was ... he ... him. |
| Judg 20:42 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ לִפְנֵ֨י אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים אוֹת֖וֹ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And they turned in front of the men of Israel to the road to the desert, but the battle caught up with them, and Israel dispatched whoever was from the cities in their midst. |
them ← him.
Israel ← they. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Judg 20:43 | כִּתְּר֤וּ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִן֙ הִרְדִיפֻ֔הוּ מְנוּחָ֖ה הִדְרִיכֻ֑הוּ עַ֛ד נֹ֥כַח הַגִּבְעָ֖ה מִמִּזְרַח־שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | They surrounded Benjamin, they pursued them, they trod them down with ease all the way to just outside Gibeah on the east. |
them (2x): him.
ease ← rest, quiet. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:44 | וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן שְׁמֹנָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִ֑ישׁ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל׃ | And eighteen thousand men of Benjamin fell – all of these being valiant men. | |
| Judg 20:45 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֙רָה֙ אֶל־סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן וַיְעֹֽלְלֻ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽמְסִלּ֔וֹת חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּדְבִּ֤יקוּ אַחֲרָיו֙ עַד־גִּדְעֹ֔ם וַיַּכּ֥וּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אַלְפַּ֥יִם אִֽישׁ׃ | Then they turned and fled to the desert, to the rock of Rimmon, and Israel gleaned five thousand of their men on the highways, and they pursued them to Gidom, and they struck down two thousand of their men. |
them ← him.
Gidom: as AV, correctly identifying the initial closed syllable. We could bring out the force of the pharyngeal, the ayin, with Gid'om. See Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 20:46 | וַיְהִי֩ כָל־הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים מִבִּנְיָמִ֗ן עֶשְׂרִים֩ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה אֶ֥לֶף אִ֛ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶֽת־כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל׃ | And all the fallen of Benjamin amounted to twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword on that day – all of these being valiant men. | amounted to ← were. |
| Judg 20:47 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֙רָה֙ אֶל־סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֔וֹן אַרְבָּעָ֖ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And they turned and fled to the desert, to the rock of Rimmon – six hundred men – and they stayed at the rock of Rimmon for four months. | |
| Judg 20:48 | וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ פ | So the men of Israel turned on the sons of Benjamin and struck them down with the edge of the sword from the entire city, including the cattle and everything found there. And they also set all the cities they found on fire. | entire: as [BDB]. AV differs (men of). [AnLx] gives soundness for the word, which occurs in Ps 38:4 (Ps 38:3AV) (nothing unscathed), Isa 1:6 (health). |
| Judg 21:1 | וְאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִשְׁבַּ֥ע בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לֹא־יִתֵּ֥ן בִּתּ֛וֹ לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And the men of Israel swore in Mizpah and said, “None of our men will give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.” | Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 21:2 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הָעָם֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב לִפְנֵ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם וַיִּבְכּ֖וּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל׃ | And the people came to Beth-El and stayed there until the evening, before God, and they lifted up their voices and wept with great weeping. |
Beth-El: see Judg 20:18.
voices ← voice. |
| Judg 21:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לָמָ֗ה יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הָ֥יְתָה זֹּ֖את בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְהִפָּקֵ֥ד הַיּ֛וֹם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָֽד׃ | And they said, “Why, O Lord God of Israel, did this happen in Israel, for one tribe of Israel to be visited today?” | visited: with connotations of punishment in this context. AV differs (lacking), which is also possible. |
| Judg 21:4 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ הָעָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ־שָׁ֖ם מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עֹל֖וֹת וּשְׁלָמִֽים׃ פ | And it came to pass on the next day that the people got up early and built an altar there and offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings. | |
| Judg 21:5 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־עָלָ֧ה בַקָּהָ֛ל מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּי֩ הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה הָיְתָ֗ה לַ֠אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָלָ֨ה אֶל־יְהוָ֧ה הַמִּצְפָּ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And the sons of Israel said, “Who is there in the convocation of all the tribes of Israel who has not come up to the Lord?” For a great oath had taken place against whoever did not come up to the Lord in Mizpah, namely, that he should certainly be put to death. |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
he should certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 21:6 | וַיִּנָּֽחֲמוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־בִּנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נִגְדַּ֥ע הַיּ֛וֹם שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָ֖ד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Israel felt compassion for Benjamin their brother, and they said, “Today, one tribe of Israel was cut off. | |
| Judg 21:7 | מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ בַֽיהוָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י תֵּת־לָהֶ֥ם מִבְּנוֹתֵ֖ינוּ לְנָשִֽׁים׃ | What shall we do for wives for them that remain? For we have sworn by the Lord not to give them any of our daughters as wives.” | for: causal use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 21:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֗י אֶחָד֙ מִשִּׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־עָלָ֥ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹ֣א בָא־אִ֧ישׁ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה מִיָּבֵ֥ישׁ גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶל־הַקָּהָֽל׃ | And they said, “What single person is there in the tribes of Israel who did not come up to the Lord in Mizpah?” And they ascertained that no-one had come up to the camp from Jabesh-Gilead to the convocation. |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
they ascertained that ← behold. no-one ← no man. Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:9 | וַיִּתְפָּקֵ֖ד הָעָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין־שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֥שׁ גִּלְעָֽד׃ | For the people had been counted, and it was seen that there was no man there of the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead. |
for: causal use of the infinitive.
it was seen that ← behold. Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:10 | וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ־שָׁ֣ם הָעֵדָ֗ה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וַיְצַוּ֨וּ אוֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָבֵ֤שׁ גִּלְעָד֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף׃ | Then the congregation sent twelve thousand of the valiant men there, and they commanded them and said, “Go and strike down the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and little ones. | Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:11 | וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ כָּל־זָכָ֗ר וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֛ה יֹדַ֥עַת מִשְׁכַּב־זָכָ֖ר תַּחֲרִֽימוּ׃ | And this is what you will do: you will destroy every male and every woman who has known intercourse with a male.” |
what you will do ← the thing which you will do.
intercourse ← lying. |
| Judg 21:12 | וַֽיִּמְצְא֞וּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֣י ׀ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֗ד אַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָדְעָ֛ה אִ֖ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר וַיָּבִ֨יאוּ אוֹתָ֤ם אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ ס | And of the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead they found four hundred virgin girls who had not known a man by intercourse with a male, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh which is in the land of Canaan. |
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
intercourse ← lying. |
| Judg 21:13 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֑וֹן וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And the whole congregation sent word and spoke to the sons of Benjamin, who were at the rock of Rimmon, and they proclaimed peace to them. | |
| Judg 21:14 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב בִּנְיָמִן֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִיּ֔וּ מִנְּשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃ | And Benjamin returned at that time, and they gave them the women whom they had let live from the women of Jabesh-Gilead, but that was not sufficient for them. |
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
that was not sufficient for them ← they were not sufficient for them like that. |
| Judg 21:15 | וְהָעָ֥ם נִחָ֖ם לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה פֶּ֖רֶץ בְּשִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the people had compassion on Benjamin, for the Lord had caused a rupture in the tribes of Israel. | |
| Judg 21:16 | וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ זִקְנֵ֣י הָעֵדָ֔ה מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים כִּֽי־נִשְׁמְדָ֥ה מִבִּנְיָמִ֖ן אִשָּֽׁה׃ | And the elders of the congregation said, “What shall we do for wives for those who remain? For the women have been obliterated from Benjamin.” | |
| Judg 21:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְרֻשַּׁ֥ת פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן וְלֹֽא־יִמָּחֶ֥ה שֵׁ֖בֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they said, “Benjamin must have an inheritance for the escaped remnant so that a tribe is not wiped out from Israel. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 21:18 | וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל לָתֵת־לָהֶ֥ם נָשִׁ֖ים מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֕וּר נֹתֵ֥ן אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס | But we cannot give them wives from our daughters, because the sons of Israel have sworn and said, ‘Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin.’ ” | |
| Judg 21:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֡וּ הִנֵּה֩ חַג־יְהוָ֨ה בְּשִׁל֜וֹ מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֗ימָה אֲשֶׁ֞ר מִצְּפ֤וֹנָה לְבֵֽית־אֵל֙ מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ לִמְסִלָּ֔ה הָעֹלָ֥ה מִבֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וּמִנֶּ֖גֶב לִלְבוֹנָֽה׃ | And they said, “Look, there is a festival to the Lord on these days when they occur, in Shiloh, which is north of Beth-El to the east of the highway which goes up from Beth-El to Shechem, and to the south of Lebonah.” | on these days when they occur ← from days to days. AV differs in wording (yearly). |
| Judg 21:20 | *ויצו **וַיְצַוּ֕וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר לְכ֖וּ וַאֲרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּכְּרָמִֽים׃ | And {Q: they} [K: he] commanded the sons of Benjamin and said, “Go and set an ambush in the vineyards. | |
| Judg 21:21 | וּרְאִיתֶ֗ם וְ֠הִנֵּה אִם־יֵ֨צְא֥וּ בְנוֹת־שִׁילוֹ֮ לָח֣וּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת֒ וִֽיצָאתֶם֙ מִן־הַכְּרָמִ֔ים וַחֲטַפְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מִבְּנ֣וֹת שִׁיל֑וֹ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖ם אֶ֥רֶץ בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | And watch, and this is the plan: when the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then you come out of the vineyards and seize each one a wife for yourselves from the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. | this is the plan ← behold. |
| Judg 21:22 | וְהָיָ֡ה כִּֽי־יָבֹ֣אוּ אֲבוֹתָם֩ א֨וֹ אֲחֵיהֶ֜ם *לרוב **לָרִ֣יב ׀ אֵלֵ֗ינוּ וְאָמַ֤רְנוּ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ חָנּ֣וּנוּ אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָקַ֛חְנוּ אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֥א אַתֶּ֛ם נְתַתֶּ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם כָּעֵ֥ת תֶּאְשָֽׁמוּ׃ ס | And it will come to pass that if their fathers or their brothers come to contest this with us, we will say to them, ‘Be gracious to us with them, because we did not take for each man his wife in battle, and because you are by no means giving them to them now, whereby you would incur guilt.’ ” |
contest: the ketiv and qeré are from similar words (רוּב and רִיב) with the same meaning.
you would incur guilt: because of the oath of Judg 21:1. |
| Judg 21:23 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ נָשִׁים֙ לְמִסְפָּרָ֔ם מִן־הַמְּחֹלְל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֑לוּ וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ אֶל־נַ֣חֲלָתָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And the sons of Benjamin did so, and they took wives according to their number from the dancers whom they snatched away, and they departed and returned to their inheritance, and they built cities and lived in them. |
built: or rebuilt.
cities ← the cities. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 21:24 | וַיִּתְהַלְּכ֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא אִ֥ישׁ לְשִׁבְט֖וֹ וּלְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Israel walked away from there at that time – each man to his tribe and his family – and each man went out from there to his inheritance. | walked away ← walked around. |
| Judg 21:25 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | In those days there was no king in Israel; each man did what was right in his own eyes. |